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摘要:本文研究比较了三种杀虫剂防治杨树云斑天牛的试验效果。结果表明,48%噻虫啉悬浮剂、10%高效氯氟氰微囊悬浮剂和8%氯氰菊酯微囊剂对云斑天牛都具有较好的防治效果。药后3天,48%噻,虫啉悬浮剂的防效为72.5%~77.5%;8%氯氰菊酯微囊剂的防效为70.0%~72.5%。药后14天,48%噻虫啉悬浮剂的防效为89.9%~96.2%;10%高效氯氟氰微囊悬浮剂防效为73.8%~95.0%;8%氯氰菊酯微囊剂的防效为88.6%~91.1%。因此,这三种杀虫剂均可用于杨树云斑天牛的防治。 相似文献
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于2014年4月至2015年4月,采用室外定点观察与标准地调查相结合的方法对危害油茶的广西灰象生物学特性进行了研究;并分别利用40%氧化乐果、2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油、2.2%甲维盐乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油和50%杀螟松乳油对广西灰象成虫进行防治试验。结果表明:广西灰象在湖南省醴陵市油茶林1年发生1代,以蛹在油茶树附近土壤中越冬。成虫发生期较长(4—9月),主要为害期集中在每年的4月底至5月初。1 000倍2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油和500倍40%辛硫磷乳油具有强烈的触杀作用,防治1天后校正虫口减退率均达90%以上,施药后期前者2 000倍剂与1 000倍剂防治效果无显著差异,后者随着防治时间的延长,防治效果逐渐减弱;800倍2.2%甲维盐乳油具有较好的持续性效果,施药后第5天防效达到近80%。针对广西灰象的化学防治药剂,推荐使用2 000倍2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油,或者与2.2%甲维盐乳油混合使用。 相似文献
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刺槐蚜对常用杀虫剂的敏感性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用微量点滴法测定了山西省晋中地区刺槐蚜Aphis robiniae Macchiati种群对常用10种杀虫剂的敏感性.以LD50值为标准进行比较,刺槐蚜对供试杀虫剂的敏感性依次为:甲维盐>氯氟氰菊酯>高效氯氰菊酯>啶虫脒>阿维菌素>联苯菊酯>丁硫克百威>灭多威>辛硫磷>敌敌畏.其中对甲维盐的敏感性最高,LD50值(μg/头)为0.000 029;其次为氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯,其LD50值分别为0.000 401和0.000 544;对有机磷类药剂的敏感性最低,辛硫磷、敌敌畏的LD50值分别为0.004 89和0.010 3.根据试验结果提出治理对策. 相似文献
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对江西高安等16个县、市林区的马尾松毛虫用溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯用点滴法进行毒力测定,结果表明,江西林区马尾松毛虫对溴氰菊酯的耐药力有明显提高,其中高安、贵溪林区马尾松毛虫的抗数达到了低抗水平,马尾松毛虫对氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯尚未产生抗性,室内用以上3种拟除虫菊酯与增效磷(SV1)按1:0.5、1:1、1:3、1:5T 1:10的比例混配,用点滴法对马尾松毛虫进行毒力测定,结果表明,增效磷与拟除虫菊酯混配有明显的增效作用,并且随着SV1比例的提高,增效作用增强,用4种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂(2.5%溴氰菊酯、20% 酯、2.5%三氟氰菊酯和10%氯氰菊酯)加增效磷按不同混配比进行林间防马尾松毛虫试验,结果表明,增效与拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂混配有极显著的增效作用,林间防治松毛虫以溴氰菊酯+SV1(1:5)、氰戊菊酯+SV1(1:3-1:5)、三氟氰氯菊酯+SV1(1:3-1:5)以及氯氰菊酯+SV1(1:5)稀释8000倍效果最佳。 相似文献
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以来自湖南省城步、绥宁、通道、会同、安化、浏阳、南岳、慈利、资兴、临武、江永、衡南、茶陵、郴州等14个种源区的82个优树家系种子和城步试验区附近优良林分混合种子(对照)为试验材料,以容器苗造林于城步,对来自不同种源区的家系在城步的生长表现进行研究。结果表明:幼龄期城步本地马尾松优良林分子代表现较好,仅次于江永种源,而浏阳、通道种源幼龄期和中龄期平均胸径均显著小于城步马尾松优良林分子代的,但随着林龄的增长,资兴、会同、江永、临武种源的树高、胸径、材积的表现均逐渐超过了本地优良林分子代的表现。以11年生材积排名,表现最好的是来自于资兴的家系,排前5名的有4个(含前3名);来自于江永的家系表现较好,仅次于资兴的,排前5名的有1个。以11年生材积生长量为优良家系选择标准,按家系总数15%的入选率,江永家系的入选率最高,达50.0%;资兴的次之,为41.2%;临武的较小,为23.1%。马尾松家系的生长表现在幼龄期和中龄期有一定有差异,早晚表现一致的家系仅占50%。 相似文献
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为了明确在中国发现的桉树叶片焦枯病病原菌Calonectria spp.对桉树的致病力大小,并测定不同桉树无性系对Calonectria病原菌抗病性的强弱,本试验采用在中国发现的12种Calonectria属(Ca. cerciana、Ca. chinensis、Ca. hongkongensis、Ca. microconidialis、Ca. papillata、Ca.parakyotensis、Ca. pauciramosa、Ca. pentaseptata、Ca. pseudoreteaudii、Ca. seminaria、Ca. terrestris、Ca. tetraramosa)共29株致病菌对10个桉树无性系(DH32-22、DH32-29、EC152、EC153、EC155、G1、K31、OC14、U6、W5)进行了室内离体叶片致病性测定。结果显示:12种被测试Calonectria病原菌均能在不同程度上使10个桉树无性系离体叶片产生病斑;不同种Calnectria病原菌对同一桉树无性系的致病性差异显著,不同桉树无性系对同种Calonectria致病菌的抗病能力也存在显著差异。 相似文献
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在当前碳达峰、碳中和的目标下,开发制备高附加值的半纤维素化学品具有广阔的应用前景,而且对人类社会可持续发展具有重要意义。但半纤维素由于其复杂和不均一的结构致使研究和利用受到限制,存在着易降解、收率低、纯化困难、成本高等问题。因此,如何提高木质纤维原料中半纤维素及其解聚产物的提取率成为研究的热点与重点。文章对近年来提取半纤维素及其解聚产物的研究进行了综述,简述了提取半纤维素的不同预处理方法,并分析了一定的降解方法得到半纤维素的解聚产物——木寡糖和木糖;在此基础上,为研究竹材半纤维素提取技术与工业应用提出了建议;最后,结合发展趋势,特别是针对竹材应用领域,指出了未来半纤维素及其解聚产物的发展方向。 相似文献
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H. N. Le Houérou 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,18(2):107-148
Arid lands in the Mediterranean Basin harbour populations of saltbushes over substantial areas. These have been grazed for centuries and often cleared. There are also some 100,000 hectares of artificially established saltbushes, both native and exotic; they include no more than half a dozen species, when large scale plantations are concerned. Another dozen of exotic species, introduced from Australia, Southern and Northern America, have successfully undergone field trials and could be used on a large scale in a near future. The present paper attempts to review the current state of knowledge on Atriplex spp. in the Mediterranean Basin as a means of Arid Land rehabilitation at a time where huge areas in the region have undergone processes of severe degradation or have been subjected to desertization, particularly over the past four decades. In spite of a number of constraints in their establishment, management and utilization, the plantation of Atriplex spp. appears as one of the best way, if not the best one, to rehabilitate desertized areas and restore them to production, under the present state of knowledge on arid land rehabilitation. They, in particular, are amenable to inclusion into new, man-made agro-sylvo-pastoral systems of production well adapted to arid lands and to the needs of their populations. 相似文献
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Yezo spruce trees (Picea jezoensis), approximately 40-year-old were inoculated with eight ophiostomatoid fungi associated withIps typographus f.japonicus to compare relative virulence of the fungi. Among them,Ophistoma penicillatum formed the longest necrotic lesion on inner bark around inoculation points, followed byO. aenigmaticum, Ceratocystis polonica, andO. bicolor, whileC. polonica formed a larger dry zone in sapwood than the other fungi. Yezo spruce trees were also mass inoculated withC. polonica, O. penicillatum, O. piceae singly or mixed to demonstrate the ability of the fungi to kill Yezo spruce trees. The trees inoculated withC. polonica, O. penicillatum or the mixed inoculum showed discoloration of needles in the early summer of the next year and died by autumn. However, the
trees inoculated withO. piceae or the control inocula did not die, except for one tree. These results indicated thatC. polonica andO. penicillatum were more virulent thanO. piceae and suggested that they might be at least partially responsible for the mortality of the beetle-infested Yezo spruce trees.
Part of this study was supported by the Sumitomo Foundation, Japan to Y. Yamaoka and I. Takahashi.
Part of this study was presented at the 107th meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society, April 1–4, 1996, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
at the 42nd annual meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan, May 16–17, 1998, Kyoto, and at the 110th meeting of the Japanese
Forestry Society, April 2–5, 1999, Matsuyama, Ehime.
Contribution No. 143, Laboratories of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba. 相似文献
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