蓖麻离体培养体系的建立

为建立蓖麻的离体培养体系,以其无菌发芽的种子苗为材料,切取其根、茎、叶及顶芽为外植体,探讨不同诱导途径中不同生长调节剂对愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织分化、不定芽诱导及腋芽增殖的影响。结果表明:(1)去种皮后消毒种子的萌发率最高,萌发所需时间最短,染菌率也低;筛选出种子萌发适宜培养基为MS 0;(2)器官发生型诱导途径中,诱导愈伤组织最适的培养基为MS+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L,其中以茎为外植体诱导率最高,可达90%,但愈伤组织的分化较困难;(3)器官型诱导途径中,叶基、叶脉处能直接诱导不定芽,最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+2,4-D 1 mg/L;(4)顶芽诱导腋芽增殖的效果最佳(51个芽/外植体),最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+TDZ 1 mg/L;(5)生根最适培养基为位1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L。     

黑果枸杞组织培养快繁技术研究

以黑果枸杞1年生苗的茎段为外植体,研究不同种类植物生长调节物质对黑果枸杞组织培养各阶段产生的影响。结果表明适合嫩茎段腋芽诱导与生长的培养基为MS;愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L;愈伤组织诱导分化培养基为MS+6-BA 0.2mg/L;增殖培养基为MS+6BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L;生根培养基为MS+6-BA 0.4mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L;诱导生根的组培苗在实验室内打开瓶口炼苗7d,在温室内移栽到穴盘或合适的容器中,容器中的基质为森林土、河沙及蛭石,其比例为2∶1∶1。     

植物生长调节剂对黑果枸杞愈伤组织诱导、增殖及分化的影响

为建立黑果枸杞高频再生体系及进行细胞突变体筛选、遗传转化奠定基础,以黑果枸杞叶片、茎段和腋芽为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的植物生长调节剂进行愈伤组织的诱导、增殖及不定芽分化研究。结果表明:诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L;在愈伤组织的继代培养过程中,高浓度的2,4-D有利于愈伤组织的诱导,但对愈伤组织的生长有一定的抑制作用,最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L;在愈伤组织的再分化过程中,6-BA对再生芽的分化效果最好,出芽率高,且多诱导出丛芽,最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.10mg/L。试验表明:黑果枸杞叶片、茎段和腋芽均可诱导愈伤组织,茎段诱导率最高;筛选出了茎段愈伤组织诱导、增殖及再生芽分化的适宜培养基,为其细胞工程育种及规模化生产提供支撑。     

黑果枸杞离体快繁研究

试验采用黑果枸杞当年生幼嫩枝条作为外植体,研究了适宜黑果枸杞腋芽诱导、增殖和生根的外源生长调节剂的种类、浓度配比以及培养基类型,并进行移栽试验。试验结果表明,最适宜黑果枸杞腋芽诱导分化的基本培养基为MS培养基;最佳腋芽诱导分化的培养基为MS+6-BA 0. 3mg/L+NAA 0. 1 mg/L;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0. 2mg/L+NAA 0. 2 mg/L,增殖系数为3. 57,周期为40 d,不定芽生长状况好;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0. 2 mg/L+NAA 0. 2 mg/L,生根率为93. 00%;以腐殖质土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(2∶1∶1)为炼苗基质,成活率达94. 33%。     

南蛇藤愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以南蛇藤无菌苗子叶、上胚轴及幼根为材料,比较研究不同激素配比条件下不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导、分化及植株再生。结果表明:上胚轴是诱导产生胚性愈伤组织的最佳外植体;愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)+NAA(0.5¹.0mg/L);愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)和MS+6-BA(2.0mg/L)+IBA(0.11.0mg/L);愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(0.5mg/L)和MS+6-BA(2.0mg/L)+IBA(0.1⁰.5mg/L);芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(1.00.5mg/L);芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA(1.0².0mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L),增殖系数平均达7.05;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.1mg/L,生根率达88%。     

紫娇花组织培养中愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

紫娇花种子经灭菌处理后,于试管内培养基中萌发,取幼苗的下胚轴、子叶,进行愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽的分化及试管苗生根技术的研究。结果显示,紫娇花种子最佳灭菌方式为0.1%升汞浸泡10 min,污染率可控制在37.0%,萌芽率达到86.3%;愈伤组织最适诱导部位为下胚轴,愈伤组织诱导最佳培养基为MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D,诱导率达到83.7%;紫娇花不定芽分化的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,不定芽分化率为48.0%;最适生根培养基为1/4 MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5%AC,生根率可接近100%。     

激素对菊花组织培养的影响

以菊花花瓣为外植体,研究了不同浓度的6-BA和NAA对愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,实验结果表明:菊花花瓣诱导培养适宜的培养基为MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L NAA;分化培养最佳培养基为MS+1.5mg/L 6-BA+0.05mg/L NAA;无菌苗接种到生根培养基MS+0.3mg/L NAA中,植株的生根情况较好,生根率为100%。     

中涡1号杨树叶片再生体系的建立

以中涡1号杨树叶片为材料,对其再生体系建立进行研究。结果表明:叶片的最佳消毒方法为使用75%的酒精消毒15s,0.1%的HgCl2消毒4min;适宜的诱导愈伤培养基为MS+6-BA0.2mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L;适宜的诱导分化培养基为MS+KT0.1mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L+蔗糖25g/L;生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.6mg/L;无菌苗叶片最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L。     

白鹃梅叶片芽再生体系的构建

对白鹃梅叶片芽再生的适宜培养基和适宜条件进行研究的结果表明,2,4-D、NAA、IBA与6-BA组合均可诱导叶片愈伤,但以MS+1 mg/L 2,4-D +0.5mg/L6-BA为愈伤诱导培养基,MS+0.3 mg/L IBA+2mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L TDZ为芽分化培养基,1/2MS+0.3 mg/L IBA为生根培养基最佳.     

白芨的离体培养

为快速生产大量优质白芨种苗,以白芨种子为外植体进行离体快繁研究。结果表明:MS基本培养基可促进白芨种子的快速无菌萌发,当6-BA的浓度为1.0 mg/L时可以促进幼苗的快速分裂生长,添加了2 mg/L的2,4-D的培养基可有效促进愈伤组织的形成。种子苗原球茎经切割后在MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L6-BA的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率为85%,1.0 mg/L的6-BA和0.15 mg/L的NAA配比可以诱导丛生芽的生长和增殖,添加了70 g/L香蕉泥和0.5 mg/L NAA的1/2MS培养基可有效促进根的生长。无菌发芽的种子苗移栽率可以达90%,而试管苗移栽的成活率较低,但随离体培养时间的延长有所提高。     

Therapeutic orchids: traditional uses and recent advances — An overview

Orchids have been used as a source of medicine for millennia to treat different diseases and ailments including tuberculosis, paralysis, stomach disorders, chest pain, arthritis, syphilis, jaundice, cholera, acidity, eczema, tumour, piles, boils, inflammations, menstrual disorder, spermatorrhea, leucoderma, diahorrhea, muscular pain, blood dysentery, hepatitis, dyspepsia, bone fractures, rheumatism, asthma, malaria, earache, sexually transmitted diseases, wounds and sores. Besides, many orchidaceous preparations are used as emetic, purgative, aphrodisiac, vermifuge, bronchodilator, sex stimulator, contraceptive, cooling agent and remedies in scorpion sting and snake bite. Some of the preparations are supposed to have miraculous curative properties but rare scientific demonstration available which is a primary requirement for clinical implementations. Incredible diversity, high alkaloids and glycosides content, research on orchids is full of potential. Meanwhile, some novel compounds and drugs, both in phytochemical and pharmacological point of view have been reported from orchids. Linking of the indigenous knowledge to the modern research activities will help to discover new drugs much more effective than contemporary synthetic medicines. The present study reviews the traditional therapeutic uses of orchids with its recent advances in pharmacological investigations that would be a useful reference for plant drug researches, especially in orchids.     

两种危害松类的新叶蜂(膜翅目, 广腰亚目, 松叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。     

广西不同林龄桉树人工林叶—凋落物—土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征

C、N、P元素的养分循环过程是影响森林生态系统结构与功能的关键因素。以广西不同林龄桉树人工林为研究对象,分析桉树幼龄林(1a)、中龄林(2a)、近熟林(3a)、成熟林(5a)、过熟林(8a)叶—凋落物—土壤的C、N、P化学计量特征及其内在联系,探讨林龄对桉树人工林生态化学计量的影响,为桉树人工林可持续经营提供参考。结果表明:1)桉树人工林叶、土壤呈现高C低N、P的元素格局,凋落物呈现高C、P低N的元素格局;叶的C、N、P含量从幼龄林到近熟林呈先增后减趋势,反映桉树人工林早期对养分需求旺盛,随年龄增大需求减小。2)不同林龄叶C、N、P差异显著(P<0.05),凋落物与土壤的N、P、C∶N、C∶P、N∶P均差异显著(P<0.05),凋落物C∶P与叶N∶P、C∶P显著正相关(P<0.05),凋落物N∶P与叶的C∶P、N∶P之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明凋落物养分源自叶,土壤与叶的C、N、P均不相关。3)与叶相比,凋落物中N、P含量偏低,C∶N、C∶P偏高;土壤C∶P、N∶P偏低,说明土壤P素分解较快,可适时施以磷肥来弥补土壤速效磷的不足;土壤C∶N偏高表明土壤有机质具有较慢的矿化作用。中龄林、近熟林和成熟林叶N∶P<14,生长过程受N限制;中龄林、近熟林和成熟林凋落物分解的主要限制性元素是N,而幼龄林凋落物分解的主要限制性元素是P。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区蝶类种的记述(二)粉蝶科

文章记述了内蒙古大兴安岭林区鳞翅目粉蝶科已知19种,包括斑缘豆粉蝶Colias erate Esper、北黎豆粉蝶Colias viluiensis Men、黑缘豆粉蝶Colias palaeno Linnaeus、黎明豆粉蝶Colias aurora Esp、北方豆粉蝶Colias melinos Ev、兴安豆粉蝶Colias tychede Boeber、橙黄豆粉蝶Colias fieldii Menetries、镏金豆粉蝶Colias chrysoheme Esper、绢粉蝶Aporia crataegiL、菜粉蝶Pieris rapaeL、东方菜粉蝶Pieris canidia Sparrman、暗脉粉蝶Pieris napiL、黑纹粉蝶Pieris melete Menetries、云粉蝶Pontia daplidiceL、绿云粉蝶Pontia chloridice Hubner、钩粉蝶Gonepteryx rhamniL、尖钩粉蝶Gonepteryx aspsiaMen、莫氏小粉蝶Leptidea morsei Fenton和突角小粉蝶Leptidea amurensis Mentries。并对其形态特征、习性、寄主和分布进行了简要介绍。     

云南6种阔叶材的识别与利用研究

1989年就西双版纳普文林区采集到的槭果黄杞、思茅栲、多穗石栎、柴桂、披针叶楠、勐海山胡椒6个材种的木材标本，对滇产这些树种木材的宏观构造、微观构造、物理力学性质和利用进行了研究。其结果供开发利用云南的阔叶材作依据。     

Biogeochemical impacts of clearfelling and reforestation on blanket-peatland streams: II. major ions and dissolved organic carbon

Streams and drains in blanket-peatland forest in western Ireland were sampled weekly over 5 years, 1996–2000, using continuous, depth-proportional passive sampling. Analysis was for pH, alkalinity by Gran titration, anions by IC, metals by ICP, aluminium speciation by loaded-resin exchange, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by absorbance at 320 nm.

Effects of felling are identified graphically from two forest drains whose catchments (both about 1 ha) were clearfelled, and partial clearfelling of one larger catchment (somewhat over 1 km²), in summer 1999. Calcium concentrations and alkalinity were increased in the drain- and streamwater from the felled areas. The pH was increased in drains, while in the larger stream, pH range decreased while the mean increased. Phosphorus increased markedly with clearfell, in the absence of recent fertilising, and also increased with fertilising; these results are reported in an accompanying paper. Ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were increased in the two drains with felling, and temporarily decreased in the larger stream. Nitrate increased in some cases. Potassium and manganese concentrations also increased. Concentrations of DOC and organic monomeric aluminium increased gradually, subject to a continuing strong annual cycle. There were no clearfelling effects on concentrations of solphate, suspended solids or inorganic monomeric aluminium. In the two drains (fully clearfelled), concentrations of sodium, chloride and magnesium, and conductivity, were all reduced after felling. Fertilising effects other than for phosphorus were indistinct.

Effects of the combined clearfell–reforestation treatment were testable statistically, using randomised intervention analysis, between two larger streams (1 km²) as a treatment–control comparison. There were statistically significant positive responses in streamwater concentrations of nitrate, potassium, calcium, DOC and aluminium fractions. The implications for management practice depend on whether the loss of nutrients is sustainable for future crop productivity, and whether critical limits and loads of receiving ecosystems are exceeded.     

叶蜂科两新种记述(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国叶蜂科两新种，吴茱萸蛞蝓叶蜂及山药叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图２幅。     

福建南安五台山西南桦不同种源生长差异比较

引进西南桦25个种源在福建五台山进行栽培试验,生长及寒害调查初步显示25个种源中A、V、T、Y、K、QI、、P等8个种源表现出生长快、产量高、干形好的特点,适于当地栽培和发展;M、C、G、S、F、O、J等7个种源生长差,不宜在当地推广和发展;D、E、N、U、H、X、R、B、L、W等10个种源生长中等,可根据实际生产需要选择应用。     

瓜州绿洲植被退化原因及保护对策

瓜洲县近年来人口数量增长和土地开发规模过大,成为水资源紧张、植被退化、生态环境质量下降的重要原因之一,对绿洲农业生产和人居环境影响很大,因此,严格控制人口数量的增长和土地开发规模,大力发展节水农业,保障生态供水,加强对现有植被的保护,维护生态平衡,是瓜洲县实现可持续发展必须认真考虑的问题。     

日本竹工艺文化概观

日本竹工艺文化历史久,种类多,有10类562种,具有产生早、应用广和实用性、普遍性、工艺性的特点,经历了产生、兴盛、低迷的过程,现在呈现出复苏苗头。