酸性和活性染料染色单板颜色耐光性比较

以椴木单板为研究对象,采用酸性染料和活性染料作为染色剂进行染色处理,并对染色处理后两种染料染色单板的颜色耐光性能进行比较分析,结果表明:单板活性染料染色最优工艺为:染料浓度0.5%、NaCl浓度1.5%、温度75℃;酸性染料染色最佳工艺为:染料浓度0.2%、NaCl浓度1.5%、温度70℃;活性染料染色单板的颜色耐光性能比酸性染料染色单板优异。     

电子显微观察下木材染色机理的对比性研究

将桦木单板作为研究对象,采用酸性染料和活性染料作为染色剂进行染色处理,并使用电子显微镜对染色单板进行显微观察;从而对单板的染色机理进行对比性研究,为木材染色技术的研究提供理论依据。通过研究发现,酸性染料和活性染料在木材中的存在方式有很大差异。酸性染料只是与木材发生了物理结合,而活性染料可以与木材发生化学反应,生成共价键结合。     

单板染色工艺的比较与选择

随着人们的环保意识及健康住宅的理念的不断增强，许多化工装饰装潢材料逐渐被纯朴自然的木制品所取代，因此，带来了木业的发展。在木制品的加工过程中，需要经过化学药剂的处理才能将色泽较为单调的木板加工成为人们所需的材料，特别是木材经过漂白、染色加工后，能制作成人们所喜欢的各色板材和家具。在木板的染色处理过程中，我们分别采用了强酸浴的酸性染料染色和双活性基团的活性染料染色两种工艺，都取得较好的效果，但是为了既达到生产的目的，又更好地满足环保的要求，我们对这两种染色工艺进行优选。１酸性染料的染色工艺流程、处…     

香樟木单板仿黑胡桃木单板的研究

对香樟木单板仿进口黑胡桃木单板的工艺进行了研究。试验结果表明：香樟木单板经绿矾染色、漂白、酸性染料染色等处理后，与黑胡木纹理、色泽十分相似。可替代黑胡桃木单板使用。     

染色木材pH值与缓冲容量的比较分析

分别用酸性染料与活性染料,对大青杨和桦木单板进行直接染色和NaOH溶液预处理后染色,测量2种染色单板的pH值和缓冲容量,并与未染色单板进行对比.结果表明,NaOH溶液预处理、酸性染料、活性染料的染色对2种单板的pH值及缓冲容量的影响规律一致;染色可小幅度增加木材pH值,显著降低酸缓冲容量;预处理则可较大幅度增加pH值,并一定程度上增加酸缓冲容量;大青杨单板经2种工艺染色后,其酸缓冲容量均有明显下降;桦木单板直接染色酸缓冲容量减小,而预处理后染色则酸缓冲容量增大.     

壳聚糖处理对木材染色的助染效果及其机理的研究

采用酸性染料酸性橙Ⅱ对经壳聚糖处理的毛白杨原木木粉、苯醇抽提木粉以及木材主要组分进行染色，并用等物质的量的强碱、弱碱、强酸、弱酸以及水和有机溶剂处理相同质量经壳聚糖处理的原木木粉与壳聚糖染色试样，测定其助染效果和确定其助染机理。结果表明：壳聚糖处理能显著提高酸性染。料对毛白杨原木木粉、苯醇抽提木粉、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的上染率，其助染机理是与木材组分结合的壳聚糖分子的氨基与酸性染料上的磺酸基以离子键结合，形成磺酸盐，从而提高了上染率。     

响应面法优化杨木单板的染色工艺

采用酸性染料对速生杨木单板染色,考察染液质量分数、染色时间和染色温度对单板色差值的影响.采用响应面法(RSM)建立二次回归模型,并对染色工艺进行优化.结果表明:在染液质量分数0.52%、染色时间4.2 h、染色温度72 ℃时,能够获得比较理想的染色效果,杨木单板的色差值为62.54 NBS.     

酸性和活性染料染色单板水洗牢固性比较

该文以杨木单板为研究对象,采用酸性和活性染料作为染色剂进行染色处理,并对染色处理后的杨木单板进行水洗处理;比较水洗处理前后两种染料染色单板的色差值发现,活性染料染色单板的颜色水洗牢固性能远优于酸性染料染色单板,从而肯定了活性染料应用于木材染色技术的优势及其实际意义。     

环保型染料染色技术在杨木单板染色中的应用

针对当前木材染色工业中酸性染料对木材的上染率较低,造成染色废水色度高、处理难度大的现状,选用固色率高、水解低和适合环保要求等优点的含双活性基团的M型活性染料三原色对杨木单板进行染色正交试验,作极差分析确定了速生人工林单板的活性染料染色的较优工艺条件:染色温度为70～80℃,染色时间3 h,元明粉40g.L-1,固色剂纯碱20 g.L-1,其中染色温度对活性染料杨木单板上染率的影响最大,其次是促染剂用量、染色时间和固色剂用量。在较优的工艺参数下对杨木单板进行染色试验,上染率分别为:活性红M—3BE 67.8%、活性黄M—3RE 68.6%、活性蓝M—2GE 58.9%,均大大高于酸性染料对木材的上染率(一般在30%以下)。这种染色方法降低了排放的染色废水中的染料,为速生人工林杨木的节能、环保染色提供了一条新的途径。     

云南松低质低效林的成因及其分类

低质低效林的成因和分类是对其林分作出评价和改造的基础。在从生态学和森林培育学的角度出发，提出低质低效林概念的前提下，结合恢复生态学对低质低效林的定义，分析了云南松低质低效林的自然和非自然（人为）成因，结合起源并采用其生态公益林和用材林的功能的分类方法对云南松低质低效林进行了宏观的分类，为其低质低效林的评价和改造、更新提供了依据。     

不同造林措施对岩质海岸防护林造林成活率及其生长的影响

以 1年生南酸枣和湿地松为试验材料 ,于沿海岩质典型岸段分别就种植穴大小和磷肥蘸根、ABT生根粉沾根、选用容器苗、覆草、集团造林等共 12个技术组合进行了选择试验。结果表明 ,有利于提高湿地松造林成活率和促进幼树树高、胸径生长的技术措施分别是集团造林、选用容器苗及磷肥蘸根 ;而有利于提高南酸枣造林成活率和促进其幼树树高、胸径生长的技术措施为截干和ABT生根粉沾根处理。试验结果同时表明 ,种植穴大小对南酸枣和湿地松的成活率及其 3年生幼树生长影响不显著。     

Wood surface stabilization with polyethyleneglycol,PEG

Summary The possibilities of interaction between wood, Pinus sylvestris, (60% RH) and potassium stained PEG 1500 (polyethyleneglycol) have been investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (EDS-analysis), dynamical mechanical techniques (DMTA) and X-ray diffraction (WAX).The EDS-analysis shows an even distribution of potassium in the cell wall. On the other hand the predicted cell wall swelling associated with PEG absorption is absent. This indicates that the method of staining PEG with potassium does not work. The DMTA-measurements show interaction on the molecular level between wood and PEG 1500. EDS-analysis, SEM- and WAX-investigations show free PEG in the impregnated specimens.     

The relation of lignin and polyphenol content of tasmanian alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis R. T. Bak.) to shrinkage and recovery

Summary Specimens of Eucalyptus delegatensis timber showing different degrees of shrinkage and recovery on reconditioning have been examined by staining and analysed for lignin and polyphenol content. Collapsed specimens did not stain normally for lignin but this was shown to be caused by masking of staining reactions by polyphenol. Cross sectional area shrinkage before reconditioning did not show any significant correlation with either lignin or polyphenol content but shrinkage after reconditioning showed highly significant negative correlation with lignin and polyphenol content. Amount of recovery showed positive correlation with both lignin and polyphenol content. It is clear that low lignin and low polyphenol content is associated with lack of recovery and that polyphenol does tend to promote recovery. No evidence could be found to support the hypothesis that the rheological properties of the collapse specimens were influenced by esterification of the lignin with extraneous substances causing blocking of the normal lignin-polysaccharide bonding. The evidence suggests that polyphenol acts only as a bulking agent.     

樟子松木材组织染色研究

【目的】拓展木材显微切片的染色方法。【方法】比较研究了番红(Safranine O)、固绿(Fast Green FCF)和阿利新蓝(Alcian Blue 8GX)三种染料对樟子松木材切片的染色效果。【结果】单一染料染色时,番红对木质化程度高的厚壁细胞上色效果较好,阿利新蓝对木质化程度低的薄壁细胞上染较好,固绿介于两者之间。两种染料复染时,番红-固绿无法实现不同细胞的区分,仅呈现番红的颜色;而番红-阿利新蓝可以区分厚壁和薄壁细胞,厚壁细胞(管胞和射线管胞)呈红色,薄壁细胞(射线薄壁细胞和泌脂细胞)呈蓝绿色。进一步通过冰乙酸为复染提供一个酸性环境,改进了番红阿利新蓝双染方法。当冰乙酸含量为13%~17%时,能达到理想的染色效果,能够更加清晰地区分厚壁和薄壁细胞。分别将番红、固绿和新蓝用于已解离的管胞染色,新蓝对管胞的染色效果最好,番红染色效果比新蓝略差,固绿染色效果远低于新蓝和番红。【结论】番红对木质化程度高的厚壁管胞染色效果最好;新蓝对木质化程度低的薄壁细胞染色效果最好。改进后的番红-新蓝双染能清楚地区分木材中的厚壁和薄壁细胞。木材细胞对不同种类染料的响应各异,同时也受染色介质影响。研究结果为木材切片细胞识别提供简单高效的新方法。     

Extracellular peroxidase reaction at hyphal tips of white-rot fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phanerochaete crassa</Emphasis> WD1694 and in fungal slime

The distribution of an extracellular peroxidase reaction by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete crassa WD1694 was visualized by peroxidase activity staining. The extracellular peroxidase reaction occurred at the hyphal tips and in the fungal slime filling the gaps between the hyphae. We investigated whether the peroxidase reaction occurred from the hyphal tips or in the slime. The hyphal tips were observed by phase-contrast microscopy, which showed that slime did not exist around the hyphal tips. Time-course observation of hyphal tips showed that peroxidase staining became thick and intense at the tips that did not have fungal slime. Daily observation of the peroxidase staining revealed that the staining was first observed at the hyphal tips. Furthermore, strongly stained hyphae were observed in the stained slime. These results suggested that an active species that oxidizes a peroxidase substrate is first produced at the tips of the hyphae, and then occurs in the slime via diffusion when slime exists around the hyphae. Our results show that the extracellular peroxidase reaction that is important to lignin biodegradation by white-rot fungi occurs directly at the tips of the hyphae and in the slime. Part of this report was presented at the 50th Lignin Symposium, October 19–20, 2005, Nagoya, Japan     

Genefinder和Goldview两种核酸染料的灵敏度比较

使用前染和后染两种不同的染色方法,比较了Genefinder和Goldview两种新型核酸染料对凝胶中DNA的染色效果及灵敏度。结果表明,用前染法染色Genefinder对琼脂糖凝胶中的核酸染色效果要较Goldview好,用后染法染色两种染料效果差不多,且用前染法的灵敏度较后染法好。     

木材真菌染色研究现状及发展趋势

木材真菌染色是由于真菌侵染而导致材色改变,包括菌纹线、白腐和染色。木材真菌染色可形成特殊肌理和色泽,改善木材的装饰特性,为木质产品的设计带来多样化的塑造空间。作为一种全新、天然的染色方式,真菌染色技术对于木材的美学价值和综合利用率都有较大提高。目前,分析木材真菌染色机理及染色工艺改进是开发真菌染色木材的关键。菌纹线是由于真菌的种间或种内的对抗形成,染色是由于真菌在细胞外部分泌色素或是伴随真菌自身在木材内部的生长形成。笔者从木材真菌染色机理、染色方法、染色条件、真菌染色木材性能等方面综述了木材真菌染色的研究进展。重点介绍了针对不同表现形式的不同染色方法,并对存在的问题进行了分析,提出了后续研究的方向为采用多种真菌的组合运用、环保色素溶剂的筛选、探寻更多的真菌色相用于色素提取方法染色、结合染料渗透机理改进染色工艺等。     

Micromorphology and topochemistry of extractives in Scots pine and Norway spruce thermomechanical pulps: a cytochemical approach

Due to the increasing demand for Norway spruce as prime raw material for high-yield pulping, recent interest has focused on Scots pine as an alternative. However, the intrinsic properties of Scots pine, particularly the high amounts of extractives and the fiber properties, have been considered a disadvantage for thermomechanical pulping. A study was therefore conducted on the variations in the spatial distribution and redistribution of lipophilic extractives in spruce and pine wood and thermomechanical pulp (TMP) using cytochemical staining methods and chemical analysis. Chemical analyses showed chips from pine thinnings and sawmill slabs to contain three to five and two to three times, respectively, more extractives than found in spruce; in particular, the amount of triglycerides differed significantly. Results from staining techniques on the abundance and distribution of extractives (i.e., fats) between pine and spruce correlated with amounts detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Cytochemical observations revealed information pertaining to species-specific distribution and redistribution of extractives among TMP fines and fibers and indicated the presence of a molecular film of extractives. Results indicate that the high concentrations of extractives in pine ray parenchyma are released during TMP processing and are redistributed onto the surfaces of the pulps, negatively affecting energy usage during primary refining.     

蒙古栎秋播种育苗技术的研究

自１９９３年起对本局大趟子苗圃进行了蒙古栎秋播育苗试验,并对蒙古栎从采种、种子调制、田间管理及起苗、留床、造林等环节上形成了一套完整的科学育苗方法,避免了春播育苗种子储藏和鼠害等一系列不利问题,研究探索了最佳播种量和最佳经营密度。