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1.
菊芋的开发利用价值 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
菊芋 (HelianthustuberosusL .) ,俗称洋姜、鬼子姜 ,为菊科向日葵属多年生草本植物 ,原产北美洲 ,在中国栽培历史悠久 ,但多为零星种植。菊芋适应性强 ,生长旺盛 ,栽培技术简单。我国对地下块茎传统上仅是食用。近年来 ,以现代新技术分离精制而成的菊粉、低聚果糖、超高果糖浆等 ,在国际上已公认其具有较高的营养价值和保健作用。同时 ,在我国它已受到新闻媒体、科技主管部门和中央领导的高度重视。菊芋根系发达 ,入土较深 ;地上茎直立、粗壮 ,多分枝 ,高 2~ 3m。在根茎处着生匍匐茎 ,其上生长块茎 ,形状为不规则瘤… 相似文献
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菊芋的加工及开发利用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
菊芋 ( H elianthus tuberosus L .)别名洋姜、鬼子姜、地姜 ,为菊科向日葵属 1年生草本植物。原产地北美密西西比盆地 ,1 7世纪引入欧亚大陆 ,2 0世纪初是欧洲一种普遍的农作物 ,我国各地皆零星种植。其地下块茎细密、清脆 ,既可炒食 ,又可腌渍食用 ,还可晒干磨成粉代替一般植物淀粉 ,通过分离提炼菊糖、低聚果糖等成品。近年来因其营养丰富 ,风味独特而倍受人们青睐。1 菊芋的开发利用菊芋的可食部分为地下块茎 ,其块茎形状不规则 ,大小不一 ,大块茎有 8cm× 5 cm,个体重 1 5 .2~ 2 5 .8g,大块茎长有小块茎 ,形似生姜 ,经加工腌渍 ,可… 相似文献
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菊芋的特性与栽培管理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了菊芋的特性、栽培与管理、收获与贮藏、包装与运输以及经济价值与用途等项内容,作为一种不可多得的生态经济型植物,大力发展菊芋和菊芋产业,是我国"三北"地区农村产业结构调整、农民脱贫致富、全面建设小康社会和社会主义新农村的必然选择。此外,菊芋还是一个重要的生物质能源植物。 相似文献
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为探明干旱胁迫条件下菊芋幼苗的生理响应规律,该文以菊芋幼苗为试材,使用不同质量分数的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液模拟土壤干旱对菊芋的胁迫,测定菊芋幼苗生长初期的叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:随PEG-6000质量分数增加,幼苗叶片叶绿素含量逐渐降低,脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性逐渐增加。除10%PEG-6000处理的脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性与对照差异显著外,其余PEG-6000处理的生理指标均与对照差异极显著(P<0.01)。该研究为菊芋在干旱-半干旱地区水土保持与生态修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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目前,全世界只有三家公司工业化生产菊芋粉,分别是比利时ORAFTI公司和WARCOING公司及荷兰SENSUS集团公司的COSUN子公司,这三家公司,产量占世界菊芋粉产量的98.8%。而且这些公司无一不是以菊芋(苣)为原料,欧洲菊芋(苣)生产基地由1990年几百公顷增加到2003年的2万公顷。特别是土地相对贫瘠的荷兰,大力推广种植菊芋(苣),已成为最重要的菊粉出口国。在欧洲,菊芋粉及相关产品已成为很大的一个产业,发展前景广阔,年生产能力已达到100万吨左右。 相似文献
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干旱半干旱地区沙化土地菊芋种植试验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在地处干旱半干旱区的河西走廊沙化土地上进行了菊芋的种植试验,结果表明:种块大小与菊芋植株的生长有密切相关关系,种块以60g时,植株生长量最大,单株产量最高;在同一区域,以起垄栽植的产量最高,达42300kg·hm-2,较开沟播种和小麦套种分别提高13.3%和4.1%,单位效益以小麦套种最高,分别比开沟播种和起垄播种提高73.1%和52.8%。小麦套种为菊芋最佳栽培模式。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献