虎血液生理生化值研究概况

虎的血液生理生化指标可以反映虎健康状况。处于不同生长发育时期和不同状态的老虎在血液生理及生化指标值上差异较大,部分指标值具有统计学意义,可以作为不同亚种虎以及虎是否健康的判断参考指标。     

虎年呼救华南虎

华南虎(Panthera tigris amnyens-s)属食肉目(Carnivnra)猫科(FeLi-dae)豹属(Panthere)动物,我国特产。分布范围不限于华南,华东、华中、西南等地都有分布。国际上称为中国虎。华南虎体重仅次于东北     

东北虎逸事

<正>世界上的虎,分为东北虎(西伯利亚虎)、华南虎(中国虎)、孟加拉虎、印支虎(南亚虎)、苏门答腊虎、巴厘虎、里海虎、爪哇虎8个亚种。20世纪30年代,巴厘虎灭绝;60年代,里海虎随之绝种;70年代,最后一只爪哇虎从地球上消失……产于中国的华南虎是虎的所有亚种中数量最少的一种,已被列为世界最濒危、最迫切需要保护的物种。建国初期,我国大约还有华南虎4000多只,广西各地亦常有华南虎出没。我的家乡,两广交界处的云开大山,20世纪50年代初仍可看到虎的踪影,听到虎的啸声。就     

辽东丁香种子萌发特性研究

为了探索辽东丁香种子萌发特性,在赤霉素(GA3)浓度分别为0、10、50、100、500、1 000μmol/L,温度依次为10、15、20、25、30、35℃,光照强度为0、24.9、35.5、67.3μmol/(m2·s)的条件下,研究了GA3、温度及光照等因素对辽东丁香种子萌发的影响。结果表明:GA3最适处理浓度范围为10~50μmol/L,其中50μmol/L时的各项结果均明显提高;种子萌发的适宜温度范围为20~30℃,低于15℃或超过35℃发芽均受到抑制,且最适萌发温度为20℃;光照对辽东丁香种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用。     

铅胁迫对洋常春藤生长及生理特性的影响

以洋常春藤扦插苗为试验材料,研究不同浓度(50、200、400、800μmol/L)重金属Pb~(2+)胁迫对其生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:在低浓度(50、200μmol/L)铅胁迫下,洋常春藤株高和节间距显著低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及MDA含量均低于对照组但差异不显著,洋常春藤各器官的生物量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可溶性蛋白均显著高于对照组,氧自由基含量变化不显著;当铅胁迫浓度达到400μmol/L时,洋常春藤株高、节间距、茎生物量、POD及CAT活性和氧自由基含量显著增高,而叶生物量及SOD活性显著下降,其余指标与对照相比差异不显著;在高浓度(800μmol/L)铅胁迫下,植株的株高、节间距、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量均增加,且株高和节间距均表现出显著增加,CAT活性、MDA和氧自由基含量变化不显著,其中叶生物量、总生物量和SOD均与对照组相比显著下降。因此,洋常春藤对铅胁迫有较强的耐受性,低浓度铅胁迫在一定程度上促进其生长,而高浓度的铅胁迫对其叶片的生长有抑制作用,但会导致该植物的节间徒长。     

不同抑制剂对粉红女士苹果的防褐变效果

研究了草酸、EDTA-Na2、柠檬酸及其复配对粉红女士苹果多酚氧化酶(PPO)的抑制效应,揭示其抑制机制。在此基础上探讨其在鲜榨和贮藏过程中苹果汁防褐变的效果,筛选出安全高效的酶促褐变抑制剂。研究表明,单一抑制剂对PPO的抑制能力依次是:0.250 0μmol/L草酸>0.500 0μmol/L EDTA-Na2>0.200 0μmol/L柠檬酸,抑制率分别为94.30%、83.01%、81.31%,三者对PPO的抑制能力均表现为浓度依赖性,抑制机制为不可逆效应。0.250 0μmol/L草酸对鲜榨苹果汁的防褐变能力较强,褐变抑制率为87.39%;0.500 0μmol/L柠檬酸防褐变效果弱,褐变抑制率仅为45.15%;0.500 0μmol/L EDTA-Na2在苹果汁中无防褐变效果。添加0.250 0μmol/L草酸于常温贮藏90天的苹果汁中,褐变抑制率仅为71.04%。0.300 0μmol/L草酸联合0.500 0μmol/L EDTA-Na2、0.500 0μmol/L柠檬酸,能较好的抑制鲜榨及贮藏过程中苹果汁的褐变,抑制率分别达到91.21%和89.47%。     

鸭儿芹精油成分、抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

为给鸭儿芹的综合利用提供科学依据,以鸭儿芹茎、叶为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鸭儿芹精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对鸭儿芹精油成分进行了分析,利用DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力试验与FRAP试验及打孔法抑菌试验对其精油的抗氧化抗菌活性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)精油成分方面,从鸭儿芹精油中共分离出32个峰,占总离子峰的93.75%,共鉴定出30种化合物,其主要成分分别为α-芹子烯(42.01%)、β-芹子烯(19.86%)、(Z)-β-金合欢烯(12.76%)、镰叶芹醇(4.16%)、α-没药醇(3.93%)等;(2)抗氧化能力方面,当鸭儿芹精油浓度由19μg/m L上升到38μg/m L时,DPPH反应液中Trolox的当量由0.003μmol上升到0.007μmol,ABTS反应液中Trolox的当量由0.069μmol上升到0.074μmol,FRAP反应液中Trolox的当量由0.225μmol上升到0.280μmol,当精油浓度在一定范围内,其DPPH清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力及铁离子还原抗氧化能力与其浓度间均呈量效关系,且均呈正相关效应,表明鸭儿芹精油具有良好的抗氧化能力;(3)抗菌活性方面,当鸭儿芹精油浓度为1 280 mg/m L时,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径可达7.05 mm,表现出一定的抑菌活性,且其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果显著优于其对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。     

栓皮栎蒸腾速率的日变化、季节动态及其对遮荫的响应

用Licor-6400便携式光合作用测定系统研究了50年生天然次生栓皮栎林在不同季节和天气条件的蒸腾速率变化。结果表明:①栓皮栎光补偿点变动范围为40.0到42.21μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点(LSP)的变动范围为1000到1600μmol/(m2.s),表观光量子效率的变化范围为0.014到0.06μmol/mo1;②栓皮叶片的CO2补偿点的范围为57.54到72μmol/mo1;③栓皮栎叶片在生长末期光呼吸速率为0.952μmol/(m2.s)。     

不同锌胁迫浓度下杨树生长以及生物量参数的变化

为了探究锌胁迫下杨树生长以及生物量参数方面的变化,特选择了7种不同浓度的锌处理在1年生杨树盆栽苗上开展了相关的研究,结果表明,试验设计的各种锌浓度处理下,以10μmol/L的杨树株高、地径、根长为最大,根茎叶生物量干质量为最大,在缺锌胁迫下(0μmol/L)和高浓度的锌胁迫(100μmol/L以上)均可抑制杨树的生长,降低生物量干质量。     

三种豆科植物光合特征初步研究

以山核桃林地栽植的3种常见豆科牧草白三叶(Trifolium repens Linn.)、紫云英(As-tragalus sinicus L)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为对象,利用Li-6400便携式光合仪对其植物叶片的气体交换参数进行了测定。结果表明,白三叶的光补偿点和光饱和点均最大,分别为24.16μmol/m2·s、758.00μmol/m2·s,明显高于其它2个种;3种牧草的最大净光合速率同样存在显著性差异,其中白三叶为23.58μmol CO2/m2·s,显著高于其它2个种(分别为10.55μmol CO2/m2·s、10.70μmol CO2/m2·s),说明了白三叶具有较强的光合能力。     

Historical Change on Distribution and Quantity of the South-China Tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis)

DistributionandQuantityofwildSouth-ChinatigerDistributionTheSouth-ChinatigersonlydistributeinChinaandtheskullstruCtureappeartobethemostsimilarwiththoseoftheirancestors.Asoneoffivesurvivedtigersubspecies,thistigersubspecieshasthelestquantityandisthemostendangeredintheworld.Therefore,the"InternationalTigerConservationStrategy"ScientificWorkshop,whichheldinMinnesotaoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaintheearlyof1986,pointedoutthattheSouth--Chinatigerwasoneofthemostendangeredanimalspecieswhichneede…     

Historical change on distribution and quantity of the South-China Tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis)

As one of five survived tiger subspecies, the South-China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) specially disperses in China. This paper dedicated distribution and quantity of wild South-China tiger, and also introduced distribution, quantity and pedigree of captive South-China tiger. In the middle of this century, about several thousands South-China tiger distributed in following provinces, such as Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Shanxi, Shanxi, Gansu. etc. Until now, there are only about 20–30 wild South-China tigers distributing in the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hunan, Sichuan, and 50 captive South-China tiger are raised in zoos of China. This subject is supported by Department of Wildlife and Forest Plant Conservation, Ministry of Forestry (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

基于灰度共生矩阵和Hu不变矩的东北虎纹理特征参数的探讨

在探讨东北虎个体识别的参数时,本文把灰度共生矩阵的7个特征参数和Hu不变矩抽象的10个形状特征公式相结合,根据相关系数分析选择其中的7个特征参数,最后利用BP神经网络进行分类识别,证明按照上述规则生成的7个特征参数有效,可以用于东北虎的个体识别。     

Risks involved in fecal DNA-based genotyping of microsatellite loci in the Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica: a pilot study

In modern wildlife ecological research,feces is the most common non-invasive source of DNA obtained in the field and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technology based on microsatellite markers is used to mine genetic information contained within.This is especially the case for endangered species.However,there are risks associated with this genotyping method because of the poor quality of fecal DNA.In this study,we assessed genotyping risk across 12 microsatellite loci commonly used in previous tiger studies using blood and fecal DNA from captive Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica).To begin,we developed an index termed the accumulated matching rate of genotypes(R_m)between positive DNA(blood samples) and fecal DNA to explore the correct genotyping probability of a certain microsatellite locus.We found that different microsatelliteloci had different genotyping risks and required different PCR amplification protocols.The genotyping errors we detected altered population genetic parameters and potentially impact subsequent analyses.Based on these findings,we recommend that:(1) four loci(E7,Fca094,Pti007 and Pti010) of 12 loci are not suitable for Amur tiger genetic research because of a low R_mand difficulty reaching a stable status;(2) the R_mof the 12 microsatellite loci plateaued differently,and considering limited budgets,amplification times of some loci could be increased when using fecal samples; and(3) future genetic analysis of wild Amur tigers should be corrected by genotyping error rates(1-R_m).     

Photosynthetic traits around budbreak in pre-existing needles of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) seedlings grown under elevated CO2 concentration assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements

To assess the effects of elevated CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) on the photosynthetic properties around spring budbreak, we monitored the total leaf sugar and starch content, and chlorophyll fluorescence in 1-year-old needles of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii Masters) seedlings in relation to the timing of budbreak, grown in a phytotron under natural daylight at two [CO(2)] levels (ambient: 360?μmol mol(-1) and elevated: 720?μmol mol(-1)). Budbreak was accelerated by elevated [CO(2)] accompanied with earlier temporal declines in the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Φ(PSII)) and photochemical quenching (q(L)). Plants grown under elevated [CO(2)] showed pre-budbreak leaf starch content twice as high with no significant difference in Φ(PSII) from ambient-CO(2)-grown plants when compared at the same measurement [CO(2)], i.e., 360 or 720?μmol mol(-1), suggesting that the enhanced pre-budbreak leaf starch accumulation might not cause down-regulation of photosynthesis in pre-existing needles under elevated [CO(2)]. Conversely, lower excitation pressure adjusted for the efficiency of PSII photochemistry ((1?-?q(P)) F(v)'/F(m)') was observed in plants grown under elevated [CO(2)] around budbreak when compared at their growth [CO(2)] (i.e., comparing (1?-?q(P)) F(v)'/F(m)' measured at 720?μmol mol(-1) in elevated-CO(2)-grown plants with that at 360?μmol mol(-1) in ambient-CO(2)-grown plants), which suggests lower rate of photoinactivation of PSII in the elevated-CO(2)-grown plants around spring budbreak. The degree of photoinhibition, as indicated by the overnight-dark-adapted F(v)/F(m), however, showed no difference between CO(2) treatments, thereby suggesting that photoprotection during the daytime or the repair of PSII at night was sufficient to alleviate differences in the rate of photoinactivation.     

不同药剂处理对陈年西瓜种子萌发的影响

试验以陈年的西瓜种子为试材,采用不同浓度的生长调节剂和化学试剂进行浸种处理,研究它们对西瓜种子萌发的影响。试验结果表明:不同处理均可显著提高陈年西瓜种子活力,其中以0.1mol/L的SA和3.0%的KNO3处理效果最好。     

生草栽培对南方鲜食枣生长及光合特性的影响

【目的】筛选适宜南方鲜食枣园生草栽培的草种。【方法】以白三叶、多年生黑麦草、1年生黑麦草为试材,采用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪测定枣树的光合指标,研究不同生草栽培处理对鲜食枣的生长及光合作用的影响。【结果】3个草种生草栽培处理均可促进鲜食枣的生长,其中白三叶生草栽培处理中鲜食枣的株高增幅、地径增幅、枣吊长度、SPAD值分别比对照高出30.94%、9.83%、11.58%、26.39%,优于其他处理。不同生草栽培处理中,鲜食枣的光合能力差异显著,其中白三叶生草栽培处理的最大光合速率为16.83 μmol/(m^2·s),显著高于其他处理,而光补偿点和暗呼吸速率分别为11.62、3.36 μmol/(m^2·s),显著低于其他处理。鲜食枣的净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在11:00和17:00,白三叶生草栽培处理11:00的净光合速率最高,为18.79 μmol/(m^2·s)。蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化趋势与净光合速率一致,而胞间CO_2浓度呈早晚高、中午低的不规则"V"形曲线变化,在13:00降到最低值,之后又逐渐回升。按照净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化均值由高到低排序,依次均为白三叶生草栽培处理、多年生黑麦草生草栽培处理、1年生黑麦草生草栽培处理、对照。【结论】综合各处理对鲜食枣主要生长指标和光合指标的影响,白三叶生草栽培处理下,鲜食枣可充分利用光合有效辐射和CO_2,提高净光合速率,进而促进树体生长。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种保藏

采用砂土管和滤纸片两种保藏方法，对分属３１个亚种的６１株有代表性的苏云金芽孢杆菌经过１－２３年保存后的菌体存活情况，形态特征及对林业主要害虫舞毒蛾幼虫的杀虫活性进行了试验，并对苏云金芽孢杆菌５个亚种的标准菌株和保存不同年限后的１１项生理生化特性及酯酶型进行了测定。     

干旱区3种典型灌木光合特性及其对环境因子的响应

通过对库布齐沙漠东段优势灌木种柠条、沙柳和油蒿的光合特性及生境气象环境因子进行测定,比较了灌木净光合速率、蒸腾速率、瞬时水分利用效率、叶绿素总含量等指标在生长季不同时期的差异性,并探讨了净光合速率与生理因子及环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)3种灌木净光合速率与蒸腾速率在生长季均呈单峰曲线变化,生长盛期显著大于生长后期;净光合速率均值由大到小排序为油蒿(25.8μmol/(m 2·s)、沙柳(24.9μmol/(m 2·s)、柠条(21.1μmol/(m 2·s),油蒿的光合作用和有机物积累能力最强。(2)相同生境下,沙柳的平均水分利用效率为4.1μmol/mmol,明显高于柠条(3.4μmol/mmol)和油蒿(3.0μmol/mmol),沙柳的抗旱性及环境适应能力最强。(3)生理及环境因子共同影响灌木光合作用,柠条净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度、光合有效辐射、空气和土壤温度呈显著正相关,与大气相对湿度呈显著负相关;沙柳净光合速率与蒸腾速率、叶绿素总含量、光合有效辐射、土壤温度呈显著正相关;油蒿净光合速率与气孔导度、风速及光合有效辐射呈显著正相关。