麦秸板耐腐性的研究

根据麦秸原料的特点，选择几种防腐剂制备防腐麦秸板，并对防腐麦秸板的物理力学性能及防腐效果进行研究。结果表明：与麦秸板相比，防腐麦秸板的耐腐能力有明显提高，但物理力学性能有所降低。本研究为扩大麦秸板的用途提供了科学依据。     

麦秸均质板生产技术

我国森林资源匮乏，充分利用农业秸秆生产人造板对节约森林资源，保护环境有着重要意义，本文介绍了麦秸均质板的生产技术，板的物理力学性能以及麦秸均质板的双原料工艺，并论述了麦秸均质板的经济效益和社会效益。     

专利介绍

·林产工业专利选摘·专利申请号：９９２２８９４６ 授权公告号：２３８４７５７专利名称：一次覆塑麦秸板摘要：一种一次覆塑麦秸板产品，其特征在于用加工好的麦秸刨花作为板坯芯层材料，上下表面采用浸渍树脂纸。该产品结构解决了普通麦秸板热压时的粘板问题。简化了生产工艺，减少了原料使用，降低了生产成本。覆塑表面与麦秸板芯的胶合强度比二次贴面的普通麦秸板高，因此更适合于室外应用。专利申请号：９９２１６５１０ 授权公告号：２３７６３６８专利名称：缓释芳香型人造板摘要：一种缓释芳香型人造板，具有多种形状，包括表层、…     

定向麦秸板的贴面工艺对板材性能的影响

采用正交试验方法,探索定向麦秸板表面软木贴面工艺,用驻波管法分别测量贴面和未贴面定向麦秸板的吸声系数.结果表明:利用软木贴面定向麦秸板切实可行,其较佳的工艺参数为:热压压力1.1MPa,热压温度110℃,热压时间3min,涂胶量80 g/m2.在试验范围内,厚度为9、12、17mm的未贴面定向麦秸板吸声能力较低,软木贴面的定向麦秸板吸声性能优于其未贴面的板材,在500～4 000Hz范围内,14mm厚软木贴面的定向麦秸板平均吸声系数为0.202,属于具有良好吸声能力的材料.     

无机胶黏麦秸板制备工艺及性能分析

以麦秸和环保阻燃无机胶黏剂为原料,采用正交试验法对常温高压条件下无机胶黏麦秸板制备工艺进行优化,同时采用热重法和锥形量热法对麦秸板的热稳定性和燃烧性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:以密度为1.05g/cm~3、胶黏剂与麦秸比例为1.9:1和改性剂与麦秸比例为0.25:1的工艺条件制备的麦秸板:物理力学性能指标均高于国标GB/T21723—2008《麦(稻)秸秆刨花板》;热稳定性显著提高,最终质量残余率提高了53.2%;HRR、THR、SPR、TSP均大幅降低。无机胶黏麦秸板具有优异的阻燃抑烟性能。     

阻燃麦秸刨花板性能的研究

根据麦秸板的特点，选择4种复配的阻燃剂，利用正交试验法进行制板试验，根据氧指数和烟密度指标评价其阻燃性能，同时测定板的各项物理力学性能的变化。结果表明，经过阻燃处理，麦秸板的阻燃能力有明显提高，但一些物理力学性能有所降低；研究还给出了阻燃麦秸板的较佳工艺参数。     

发展麦秸碎料板的建议

麦秸碎料板是以麦秸为原料,经粉碎、干燥、加适量的粘结剂热压而成的一种新型人造板。它是一种良好的木材代用材料。 麦秸碎料板生产工艺与刨花板相似,但不同于稻草板。稻草板用的原料为稻草和封面纸,主要用途是作房屋的隔墙,由于该产品投资较大,封面纸国内尚不能生产,要依赖进口,加之在用途上受到一定限制,故大量发展受到限制。而麦秸碎料板则不存在这些问题。麦秸碎料板采用干法生产,用水量很少,不存在废水污染问题,所以即是水源较缺乏的地区也可以建厂。     

展望麦秸板的发展前景

森林资源的短缺和对木材巨大的需求的矛盾为麦秸板的发展提供了一个很好的机遇。除了提供木材替代产品外,麦秸板的发展还具有有助于解决“三农”问题的社会效益,保护森林,减少污染的生态效益。为了解决麦秸板发展落后于社会经济发展的现状,提出了一些改进的建议,强调运用宏观经济的手段来加速非木质人造板的发展。     

现有刨花板生产线生产麦秸均质板工艺设备适应性评价

对现有刨花板生产线进行改造，生产以麦秸为原料的麦秸均质板，是解决刨花板厂原料供应不足的有效途径之一。本文分析了我国目前刨花板厂的原料供应状况，对利用现有刨花板生产线生产麦秸均质板的工艺设备适应性进行了综合评价，并提出了设备改造方案。     

麦秸人造板表面涂饰试验

对麦秸人造板表面分别试验了酚醛树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯腻子，涂刮腻子后再喷涂丙烯酸漆，并测定漆膜附着力。结果表明，聚氨酯腻子漆膜附着力最好，达到了一级质量标准，完全可以满足麦秸板表面涂饰的要求；酚醛树脂腻子与麦秸板粘合效果最差。     

木纤维与麦秸刨花制造纤维刨花板的工艺研究

对以木纤维及麦秸刨花为原料制造纤维刨花板的制造工艺及板材性能进行了研究。结果表明，利用木材及麦秸原料制造纤维刨花板的工艺可行，板板的性能完全可以达到中密度纤维板国家标准的要求。     

麦秸刨花板生产工艺研究

笔者介绍了制作麦秸普通刨花板和麦秸定向刨花板的一种可行的生产工艺,给出了一些相关的工艺条件参数,如热压温度、热压时间、热压压力等,对影响板材质量的有关因素进行了一定分析,并提出相应解决方案。     

麦秸人造板生产的现状和发展前景

概述了麦秸的组分、特性、麦秸资源及其经济价值和农作物秸杆人造板生产的概况;预测了麦秸人造板的经济效益、社会效益和发展前景。     

一诺稻/麦秸板生产工艺及应用前景

本文介绍了一诺(INO)天然纤维联合公司生产稻／麦秸板的工艺技术及设备特点，分析了一诺板在欧洲的发展动向及在我国的开发前景，并针对我国国情提出了发展稻／麦草等非木材人造板的建议。     

Upgrading of urea formaldehyde-bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards using silane coupling agents

Reed and wheat straw particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were manufactured from two different material configurations (i.e., fine and coarse particles). The board densities were in the range of 0.550–.90g/cm³. The effects of particle size and board density on the board properties were examined. The properties of particleboard produced from fine particles were better than those made from coarse particles. An increase in board density resulted in a corresponding improvement in the board properties. The properties of OF bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards were relatively lower than those of commercial particleboards. Three silane coupling agents were used to improve the bondability between the reed and wheat particles and OF resin. Results of this study indicate that all the board properties were improved by the addition of silane coupling agent. The degree of improvement achieved from each coupling agent was different; epoxide silane was found to be more effective for reed straw particleboard, and amino silane was better for wheat straw particleboard.     

Wettability changes of wheat straw treated with chemicals and enzymes

A study was conducted to test wettability changes of the wheat straw treated with different methods for the preparation of wheat straw particle board. The wheat straws were separately sprayed with two chemicals (0.6% NaOH, 0.3% H2O2) and three enzymes (lipase, xylanase, cellulase). The contact angle between water and the surface of wheat straw was measured and the spreading-penetration parameters (K-values) were also calculated with wetting model. The surfaces of treated wheat straw and control sample were scanned by means of Micro-FTIR, and their peaks arrangements were analyzed. The surface morphologies of treated wheat straw and control sample were also observed by SEM. Chemical etching was found on the exterior surfaces of the straws treated separately with 0.6% NaOH and 0.3% H2O2; furthermore, the spreading-penetration parameters (K-values) of the distilled water on the exterior surfaces of the treated wheat straw along the grain were higher than that of control. The wettability of exterior surfaces of the wheat straws treated separately with lipase, xylanase and cellulose were improved after treating for seven days, and among the three enzymes treatments, the lipase treatment showed best result. The lipase treatment and NaOH treatment were determined as better methods for improving the wettability of wheat straw surfaces. However, in the economic aspect, NaOH treatment was more practical and easier in the pretreatment for the manufacture of straw particle board.     

利用传统热压工艺制造秸秆/聚乙烯复合材料

采用预热板坯和粉碎PE粒料等方法,探索利用人造板传统热压工艺,压制大幅面秸秆/聚乙烯(PE)复合材料的方法.按此方法制备板材,可缩短热压升温时间,减小秸秆碎料热降解,改善对秸秆碎料的粘结作用.复合材料的抗弯强度达到14 MPa,弹性模量1.1 GPa,平面抗拉强度0.3 MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率在4.05%以下.     

我国麦/稻秸秆板工业的发展与思考

通过回顾我国秸秆板工业化生产的发展历程及现状,分析了目前秸秆板生产设备与工艺存在的问题和差距,从多个方面就我国今后秸秆人造板发展有待改进的方向提出建议.