贵州不同林龄华山松人工林生态系统碳储量

本研究调查分析了不同林龄华山松人工林生态系统土壤碳含量和碳储量,测定了林地凋落物层和林下植被层及根系碳储量,并用生物量方程法估测了乔木层碳储量。结果表明:华山松人工林生态系统碳储量随着林龄的增加而增加,在8、30和40年生华山松人工林生态系统内,总碳储量分别为104.9 t·hm-2、136.67t·hm-2和176.89 t·hm-2,乔木层碳储量所占比重分别为5.9%、14.97%和28.48%,土壤层碳储量所占比重为90.73%、72.98%和68.01%。乔木层和土壤层碳储量的正向积累是导致不同林龄华山松人工林生态系统碳储量逐年增加的主要因素。     

浙江省杉木生态公益林碳储量效益分析

研究浙江省3个年龄级杉木优势林和含杉木混交林的生物量及其分布和碳储量。结果表明:杉木优势林依靠高密度种植和人工管理,在前10年乔木层生物量达到47t·hm-2以上,在中龄林(11～20年)及成熟林(21～30年)阶段杉木优势林乔木层生物量增加很少,且都低于同龄级的含杉木混交林;含杉木混交林乔木层的生物量随着林龄增加明显增加,中龄林比幼龄林增长了147%,成熟林比中龄林增长了28.1%;若杉木优势林改造为含杉木的混交林,碳储量至少增加0.84t·hm-2a-1;若不改良,碳储量至多增加0.21t·hm-2a-1。     

不同林龄尾巨桉林地土壤有机碳储量变化差异

为桉树人工林的土壤质量评价提供科学依据,研究了不同林龄(1a、2a、3a、5a、7a)尾巨桉林地0~60cm土壤和枯落物的碳含量及碳储量,测算了不同林龄桉树林地叶面积指数,乔木层、灌木层、草本层和枯落物层生物量。结果表明：土壤有机碳含量随土层深度增加而呈降低趋势,不同林龄0~20 cm土层有机碳含量差异显著,不同林龄相同土层之间土壤有机碳储量差异不显著;枯落物碳储量差异显著,大小顺序为：5 a (4.83 t·hm-2)>7 a (3.89 t·hm-2)>3 a (2.66 t·hm-2)>2 a (2.43 t·hm-2)>1 a (1.56 t·hm-2);0~60 cm土层土壤碳储量与叶面积指数呈负相关关系,与林龄、乔木层生物量、灌木层生物量、草本层生物量、枯落物层生物量之间呈正相关性,但相关性都不显著。     

江西大岗山不同林龄杉木人工林土壤碳氮储量

以江西大岗山5种林龄(6、15、25、32和50年生)杉木人工林为对象,对林地土壤有机碳和全氮含量及储量的变化特征进行了研究,并讨论了碳氮储量之间的关系。结果表明:在0～20 cm土层,随着林龄的增加,土壤有机碳和全氮含量变化一致,均呈先下降后上升的趋势;在20～40 cm土层,土壤有机碳含量仍呈先下降后上升的趋势;土壤全氮含量则先上升后下降。随着林龄的增加,有机碳和全氮储量均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,在幼龄林阶段碳氮储量最高。各林龄0～40 cm土层有机碳储量分别为:幼龄林85.38 t·hm-2,过熟林79.77 t·hm-2,成熟林71.62 t·hm-2,中龄林62.30 t·hm-2,近熟林60.97 t·hm-2。各林龄氮储量分别为:幼龄林5.83 t·hm-2,过熟林5.50 t·hm-2,成熟林5.47 t·hm-2,近熟林5.10 t·hm-2,中龄林4.62 t·hm-2。碳氮储量之间呈极显著正相关关系。本研究可为不同林龄杉木人工林的合理管理以及固碳能力的提升提供理论依据。     

内蒙古苏木山华北落叶松生物量及碳储量研究

森林生物量、碳储量是评价森林生长状况的重要指标。通过野外样地调查及室内烘干称重等方法,研究了苏木山林场不同林龄华北落叶松人工林乔木层、灌木层、草本层生物量以及乔木层净生产力、碳储量积累特点和变化趋势。结果表明:幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林平均木的生物量分别为26.41 kg、32.70 kg、107.81 kg;林分生物量分别为43.66 t·hm^-2、79.88 t·hm^-2、125.83 t·hm^-2;灌木层和草本层生物量之和分别为1.44 t·hm^-2、1.19 t·hm^-2、0.95 t·hm^-2;乔木层净第一生产力分别为2.56 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.07 t·hm^-2·a^-1、3.40 t·hm^-2·a^-1,碳储量分别为22.20 t·hm^-2、40.55 t·hm^-2、63.80 t·hm^-2。苏木山华北落叶松人工林生物量、碳储量随林龄增加而增大,各器官碳储量从大到小依次为干>根>枝>皮>叶。     

鄂西北主要森林类型碳密度特征

将鄂西北山区典型森林生态系统划分为13种森林类型,在系统调查样地乔木层、灌木层、枯落物层及土壤层碳含量的基础上,对不同森林类型碳密度进行了估算。结果表明:鄂西北森林生态系统平均碳密度为175.812t·C·hm-2,各层碳密度的大小顺序为土壤层(110.130t·C·hm-2)乔木层(48.278t·C·hm-2)灌木层(15.187t·C·hm-2)枯落物层(2.217t·C·hm-2),各层分别占整个生态系统碳储量的62.64%,27.46%,8.64%和1.26%。天然林不同林龄碳密度排序为近成过熟林中龄林幼龄林,人工林不同森林类型碳密度排序为针阔混交林针叶林阔叶林。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区植被碳库碳储量和碳密度

基于内蒙古大兴安岭林区2013年森林资源档案数据,运用生物量扩展因子法,量化内蒙古大兴安岭林区植被碳储量和碳密度。结果表明:内蒙古大兴安岭林区植被碳库总量41709.83×104t,平均碳密度为47.59±8.93 t C·hm-2;有林地乔木层在碳封存中占主导地位,其碳储量与面积近乎成正比,按龄组划分依次为中龄林成熟林近熟林过熟林幼龄林;按林分类型为针叶林针阔混交林阔叶林阔叶混交林针叶混交林;按林分起源为天然林人工林。有林地乔木层碳密度在不同龄组及不同林分起源间存在显著差异,在不同林分类型间无显著差异,其碳密度大小按龄组依次为成熟林近熟林过熟林中龄林幼龄林;按林分类型为阔叶林阔叶混交林针叶林针阔混交林针叶混交林;按林分起源为天然林人工林。     

九龙江口秋茄红树林储碳固碳功能研究

以福建九龙江口24年生、48年生的秋茄红树林为研究对象,通过测定秋茄林木层各器官、凋落物层、土壤层含碳率和土壤呼吸,结合各组分生物量和年净生产量,计算秋茄红树林的碳储量和年净固碳量。结果表明:24年生、48年生秋茄林碳储量分别为183.31、244.45 t·hm-2,其中林木层碳储量分别为162.45、222.95 t·hm-2,凋落物层碳储量分别为15.05、16.99 t·hm-2,土壤层和林木层碳储量在生态系统碳储量中的比例均随林龄增大而升高。24年生、48年生秋茄林均表现出了碳汇功能,其中24年生秋茄林年净固碳量较大,为18.51 t·hm-2·a-1;而48年生秋茄林的碳汇功能较低,为7.01 t·hm-2·a-1。     

广州市森林生态系统碳储量格局分析

相对准确地计量地带性森林碳库大小是估算区域森林碳汇潜力的前提。根据全市不同森林类型设置样地900个,运用样地清查法估算广州市森林生态系统碳储量和碳密度。结果表明:广州市森林生态系统碳储量为52.16 Tg C。其中,植被层和土壤层碳储量分别为21.97 Tg C和27.16 Tg C。碳储量空间分布主要集中在从化区和增城区;总碳储量的组成中,土壤层碳库比例最大(58%),其次为乔木层碳库比例(40%),而灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和细根(≤ 2.0 mm)的生物量比例大多在1%~2%;天然林碳储量与人工林接近,但是碳密度显著大于人工林(p < 0.05);不同林龄从小到大排序为:幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、过熟林、成熟林;天然林以阔叶混和它软阔的碳储量最高,阔叶混和黎蒴的碳密度最高。人工林不同林型从大到小排序为:南洋楹 > 黎蒴 > 木荷 > 木麻黄 > 它软阔 > 阔叶混 > 湿地松。森林生态系统碳密度为178.03 t C hm-2,其中,植被层和土壤层碳密度分别为79.61 t C hm-2和98.42 t C hm-2。本研究全面计量了广州市森林生态系统碳库现状,这对评估该地区森林固碳潜力和指导碳汇林经营管理具有重要参考价值。     

桤木人工林的碳密度、碳库及碳吸存特征

对不同年龄阶段桤木人工林生态系统碳密度、碳库和碳吸存的研究结果表明:桤木各器官的碳密度算术平均值随年龄的增长而增加,5,8和14年生的分别为478.8,485.7和495.8g·kg-1,变异系数在0.25%～9.58%之间,不同器官碳密度由高至低排序大致为:树干树枝树叶树根树皮,林下植被各组分和死地被物的碳密度随着林龄的变化规律不明显,土壤层(0～60cm)平均碳密度也随着林龄的增长逐渐增加,且在垂直分布上随着土层深度的增加而逐渐下降。不同器官的碳贮量与其生物量成正比例关系,随着林龄增长,乔木层碳贮量的优势逐渐增强,从5年生的25.88t·hm-2增加到14年生的49.63t·hm-2。桤木人工林生态系统的碳库主要由植被层、死地被物层和土壤层组成,按其碳库大小顺序排列为:土壤层植被层死地被物层,5,8和14年生桤木林生态系统中的碳库分别为95.89,122.12和130.75t·hm-2,土壤碳贮量占整个生态系统碳库的59.42%以上,且随着林龄增长,地上部分与地下部分碳贮量之比有逐渐下降的趋势,5,8和14年生桤木年净固定碳量分别6.51,6.26和7.82t·hm-2a-1。湖南省现有桤木林植被碳库为2.8034×106t,为其潜在碳库的47.51%。     

江西金盆山林区天然常绿阔叶林生态系统碳储量研究

【目的】探讨亚热带典型天然常绿阔叶林碳储量及其碳分布格局,以期为常绿阔叶林生态系统碳汇功能评价提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】以江西省金盆山林区优势树种生态系统生物量研究为基础,结合主要优势树种碳含量实测数据,对金盆山典型常绿阔叶林丝栗栲林、南岭栲林、米槠林的碳储量及碳空间分布格局进行研究,并以这3种林分的碳密度均值计算整个金盆山林区天然常绿阔叶林总碳储量。【结果】金盆山林区丝栗栲林、南岭栲林、米槠林生态系统碳密度分别为294.82、307.63、318.97 t/hm^2,林区生态系统总碳密度为307.14 t/hm^2,林区现存碳总量为2.25×10^6 t;生态系统碳密度分布规律为植被层>土壤层>凋落物层,植被层碳密度分布规律为乔木层>灌木层>草本层,其中乔木层主干的碳密度占56.54%;土壤层碳密度随着土壤层的加深呈下降趋势,40 cm以下土层间的碳密度变化不明显。【结论】金盆山林区常绿阔叶林不同林分间生态系统碳密度差异不显著,生态系统内碳密度有较强的空间分布规律,生态系统碳密度高于我国森林生态系统平均碳密度和多种典型森林类型碳密度,具有较强的碳汇功能。     

Profiles of carbon stocks in forest, reforestation and agricultural land, Northern Thailand

A study was conducted to assess carbon stocks in various forms and land-use types and reliably estimate the impact of land use on C stocks in the Nam Yao sub-watershed (19°05'10"N, 100°37'02"E), Thailand. The carbon stocks of aboveground, soil organic and fine root within primary forest, reforestation and agricultural land were estimated through field data collection. Results revealed that the amount of total carbon stock of forests (357.62 ± 28.51 Mg·ha-1, simplified expression of Mg (carbon)·ha-1) was significantly greater (P＜ 0.05) than the reforestation (195.25 ±14.38 Mg·ha-1) and the agricultural land (103.10±18.24 Mg·ha-1). Soil organic carbon in the forests (196.24 ±22.81 Mg·ha-1) was also significantly greater (P＜ 0.05) than the reforestation (146.83± 7.22 Mg·ha-1) and the agricultural land (95.09 ± 14.18 Mg·ha-1). The differences in carbon stocks across land-use types are the primary consequence of variations in the vegetation biomass and the soil organic matter. Fine root carbon was a small fraction of carbon stocks in all land-use types. Most of the soil organic carbon and fine root carbon content was found in the upper 40-cm layer and decreased with soil depth. The aboveground carbon(soil organic carbon: fine root carbon ratios (ABGC: SOC: FRC), was 5:8:1, 2:8:1, and 3:50:1 for the forest, reforestation and agricultural land, respectively. These results indicate that a relatively large proportion of the C loss is due to forest conversion to agricultural land. However, the C can be effectively recaptured through reforestation where high levels of C are stored in biomass as carbon sinks, facilitating carbon dioxide mitigation.     

黑龙江省森林碳库碳储量、碳密度及吸碳吐氧价值研究

根据2008年黑龙江省森林面积蓄积统计资料,按照18个森林类型的蓄积量,分别估算了黑龙江省森林碳库的生物碳储量、土壤碳储量,并分析了森林碳库生物碳密度的分布规律和影响因素,同时对黑龙江省森林吸碳吐氧价值进行了经济评价。结果表明,黑龙江省森林碳库生物碳储量为8.93亿 t,同时吸收二氧化碳32.93亿 t,释放氧气23.81亿 t;黑龙江省森林土壤碳储量为9.29亿 t,同时森林土壤吸收二氧化碳34.06亿 t,释放氧气24.77亿 t。     

Impact of mangrove vegetation on seasonal carbon burial and other sediment characteristics in the Vellar-Coleroon estuary,India

This work quantified the total carbon and 12 other sediment characteristics at 10 soil depths, in planted and or natural mangrove forests in comparison with non-vegetated soil for four seasons of the year 2009-2010 in the Vellar-Coleroon estuarine complex, India. The sedi- ment characteristics varied significantly between mangrove-vegetated and non-vegetated habitats or seasons of analysis, but not between soil depths. The mangrove sediments were rich in total carbon and total or- ganic carbon as compared to non-mangrove sediments （p 〈0.01）. Total carbon was 98.2% higher in mature mangroves and 41.8% in planted mangroves than that in non-mangrove soil. Total organic carbon was as much as 2.5 times greater in mature mangroves and 2 times greater in planted mangroves than that in unvegetated soil. Carbon contents also varied many fold by season. Total carbon content was 8.6 times greater during pre-monsoon, 4.1 times greater during post-monsoon and 2.5 times greater during monsoon than during summer （P〈0.01 in all cases）. Similarly, total organic carbon was 5.9 times greater during pre-monsoon, 3.1 times greater during post-monsoon and 69% greater during monsoon than during summer. In general, higher levels of sediment carbon were recorded during pre and post-monsoon seasons than during other seasons. Total carbon concentration was correlated negatively to temperature, sand and phosphorus （P 〈0.01）; positively correlated with redox potential, silt, clay, C/N ratio, potassium （P 〈0.01） and nitrogen （P〈0.05）; but not correlated with soil depth, pH or salinity. This work revealed that the carbon burial was rapid at the annual rate of 2.8% for total carbon, and 6.7% for total organic carbon in mangrove-planted sediment. Cleating of mangroves can result in significantly and rapidly reduced carbon stores.Our study highlights the importance of natural and plantation mangrove stands for conserving sediment carbon in the tropical coastal domain.     

Carbon stock of Banja forest in Banja district,Amhara region,Ethiopia: An implication for climate change mitigation

This study estimates the carbon stock of Banja Forest which is natural and dry Afromontane forest type in Banja District, northwest of Ethiopia. A systematic sampling method was used to identify each sampling point through the Global Positioning System. A total of 63 plots measuring 20 × 20 m were employed to collect tree species and soil data. Losses on ignition and the Walkley–Black method were used to estimate biomass and soil carbon stock, respectively. The carbon stock of trees was estimated using an allometric equation. The results revealed that the total carbon stock of the forest was 639.87 t/ha whereas trees store 406.47 t/ha, litter, herbs, and grasses (LHGs) 2.58 t/ha and soil 230.82 t/ha (up to 30 cm depth). The carbon pools’ carbon stock variation with altitude and slope gradients were not significant (p > 0.05) which was similar to other previous studies. The Banja Forest is a reservoir of high carbon and thus acts as a great sink of the atmospheric carbon. It can be concluded that the Forest plays a role in climate change mitigation. Hence, it should be integrated with reduced emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD⁺) and the clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol to catch monetary benefits.     

A Method for Rapid,Spatially Explicit Habitat Assessment for Forest Songbirds

Abstract

The management of forest ecosystems for sustainabil-ity requires knowledge of the abundance and distribution of all resources, including wood and wildlife, and the ability to predict the impact of management on these resources. Spatially explicit inventories for wildlife are lacking for the vast majority of species. We propose, with example, a method of rapid habitat assessment which can be conducted with available data to produce a spatially explicit inventory of habitat for a species. Information from the literature and some census data were used to construct a simple model of potential habitat for a boreal forest songbird. Available spatial data, including landcover from Landsat TM data, and a digital elevation model, were used to map the distribution of key habitat characteristics onto the landscape. We argue for the development of these preliminary wildlife habitat models using habitat characteristics that are map-pable with currently available remotely sensed data. Given the current trend toward the development of large scale databases of topography and extant land cover, spatially explicit potential habitat models can be efficiently and inexpensively developed to provide a framework for incorporating wildlife habitat into forest management. The relationships between rapid habitat assessment, long-term studies, monitoring, and population viability analysis are discussed.     

关于建立云南省林业碳汇抵消碳排放体系的探讨

云南这样的西部欠发达省份实施工业化道路不可避免地遇到了节能减排瓶颈,如何破解这一矛盾?通过发展林业,发挥森林在固碳增汇方面的独特作用,可以达到间接减排目的。本文探讨了云南建立林业碳汇体系的理论、方法和途径。     

蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表土有机碳的研究

基于UTM公里网格方法划分的66个网格的土壤剖面数据,分析了蕉岭长潭自然保护区5种典型植被类型（马尾松林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和竹林）的表层土壤（0～20 cm）有机碳含量、密度、储量的分布特征与影响因子。结果表明：（1）表土有机碳含量SOC分布在12.61～66.19 g·kg^-1之间,平均值为30.87±1.30 g·kg^-1,大小顺序为竹林〉阔叶混交林〉针阔混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林,多重比较显示竹林（37.63 g·kg^-1）显著高于马尾松林（18.52 g·kg^-1）,马尾松林仅为竹林的49.21%。（2）表土有机碳密度SOCD在3.27～15.69 kg·m^-2间,平均值为8.22±0.39 kg·m^-2,大小排序为阔叶混交林〉竹林〉针阔混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林,阔叶混交林（10.15 kg·m^-2）和竹林（9.96 kg·m^-2）的SOCD值显著高于马尾松林（4.82 kg·m^-2）（p=0.005,p=0.036）,马尾松林仅是阔叶混交林的47.49%。（3）蕉岭长潭保护区表土层有机碳储量为402 100 t,占总面积54.54%的针阔混交林贡献最大,其次为阔叶混交林、杉木林、竹林和马尾松林。（4）表土有机碳含量与土壤全氮、速效钾含量显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.40和0.31;与石砾含量极显著负相关,相关系数达到-0.76。与林下植物分布有密切联系,有机碳含量〈20 g·kg^-1的指示种有6种,包括千年桐、黄毛楤木、米碎花、谷木冬青、长叶冻绿和乌韭,有机碳含量〉40 g·kg^-1的指示种有光叶海桐和土茯苓,有机碳含量在20～40 g·kg^-1间还未发现指示种。     

区域尺度上森林生态系统碳储量的估算方法分析

提高森林生态系统碳储量估算的精度,在全球碳循环和气候变化研究中具有重要意义。从生物量和净初级生产力角度出发,综述了中国森林生态系统碳储量估算的主要方法及手段,阐述了综合遥感、地面观测数据及生态系统过程模型来研究特定区域特定时段森林生态系统碳循环及碳储量的必要性,探讨了我国森林生态系统碳储量研究的发展趋势和亟待解决的一些问题。     

Models for estimation of carbon sequestered by Cupressus lusitanica plantation stands at Wondo Genet,Ethiopia

This study compared models for estimating carbon sequestered aboveground in Cupressus lusitanica plantation stands at Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Ethiopia. Relationships of carbon storage with tree component and stand age were also investigated. Thirty trees of three different ages (5, 12 and 24 years), comprising 10 trees from each stand, were sampled in order to generate dry biomass and carbon data from tree components. Five linear and non-linear biomass and carbon models were compared and evaluated for estimation of overall aboveground carbon, carbon by age groups, and carbon by diameter at breast height (DBH) classes using performance indicator statistics. Among the models compared, a carbon model described by Y = b ₀ D ² H + ? (p-value < 0.001), where D = DBH (in cm), H = total height of the tree (in m), ? = error, and b ₀ is a parameter, was found to be the best model for estimation of carbon sequestered aboveground in C. lusitanica plantation stands of the study area. The study also indicated the overall superiority of carbon models over biomass models in estimation of aboveground carbon of C. lusitanica. It was concluded that, for the range of DBH utilised in the current study, the carbon model described can be a useful tool in estimation of carbon storage of C. lusitanica plantations in the study area and other related sites.