Antibacterial screening of plants used in Iranian folkloric medicine

Fifty methanolic plant extracts belonging to 44 plant species of 33 families finding use in Iranian folkloric medicine were screened for antibacterial activity. Thirty samples, including 28 species in 20 families, had antibacterial activity against at least on one of the bacteria. Among the active plants, 32.6% were active against G(-), 62% against G(+), and 47.3% against both G(-) and G(+) bacteria. Dianthus coryophyllus was active against all tested G(-) and G(+) bacteria except Micrococcus luteus. Most susceptible G(-) bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica and least susceptible G(-) bacterium was Escherichia coli. In G(+) bacteria, most and least susceptible were Staphylococcus aureus and M. luteus, respectively. The least MIC, as 0.62 mg/ml, belonged to Myrtus communis seeds against S. aureus, Bacillus cereus and B. bronchiseptica, and to Terminalia chebula ripe seeds against S. aureus.     

柿叶化学成分及其抑菌活性研究

对柿叶的化学成分进行了定性分析和抗菌活性的研究.通过系统预试,初步确定柿叶中含有生物碱、皂苷、氨基酸、多肽、有机酸、酚类和鞣质、糖类、甾体、总黄酮、强心苷、蒽醌、挥发油等物质.抑制活性试验结果显示:乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物对供试的6种细菌有较强的抑制作用;水相对供试的5种真菌有较强的抑制作用,而且对细菌有较小抑制作用;石油醚相对真菌和细菌几乎无抑制作用;正丁醇萃取物对细菌有不同程度的抑制作用,而对真菌无抑制作用.用不同质量浓度的乙酸乙酯提取物进行抑菌活性试验,结果显示:质量浓度越高,其抑菌能力越强,而且,在不同质量浓度下,对测试的6个细菌的抑制活性的大小顺序不一致.     

Antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of the essential oil of Chrysanthemum viscidehirtum.

The volatile fraction of Chrysanthemum viscidehirtum aerial parts, consisting mainly of limonene, beta-farnesene and many oxygenated sesquiterpenes, was screened for activity against 21 microbial strains. This essential oil exhibited activity against all germs tested, in particular Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. It also showed molluscicidal activity against Bulinus truncatus.     

Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Ferula gummosa seed

Antibacterial activity of Ferula gummosa essential oil was studied against bacterial laboratory ATCC standards using the disk diffusion method. The results showed activity against Gram(+) bacteria and Escherichia coli. Little antibacterial activity was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

Antimicrobial activity of Fabaceae species used in Yucatan traditional medicine.

The methanol and water extracts of six Fabaceae species, traditionally used in Mayan medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea and eye infections, were phytochemically screened and tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Four species showed activity against Gram positive bacteria, five exhibited some activity against Candida albicans, two exhibited activity against Aspergillus niger and only one, Mimosa pigra, inhibited growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the extracts was active against Escherichia coli.     

Antimicrobial activities of Indian Berberis species

The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of four Berberis species viz. Berberis aristata, Berberis asiatica, Berberis chitria and Berberis lycium were tested against eleven bacterial and eight fungal strains. B. aristata root extract gave low MICs values against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus while stem extract against B. cereus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.     

Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum coris

The volatile fraction of Hypericum coris aerial parts, consisting mainly of alpha-curcumene was screened for activity against five microbial strains. The maximum activity was against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.     

Antimicrobial activity of Diospyros anisandra

Leaves, root and stem bark of Diospyros anisandra were screened against two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one resistant and one susceptible to antibiotics, using the microplate Alamar blue assay test. The lypophylic fractions of the root and bark showed significant inhibitory activity against both strains, with the hexane fraction of the bark showing the strongest activity (MIC 6.25 microg/ml) against the resistant strain and a significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bioassay-guided purification of the bioactive hexane fraction resulted in the isolation and identification of the naphthoquinone plumbagin as one of the metabolites responsible for the biological activity.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Indian mosses

The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of 15 Indian mosses. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts was investigated against five G(+) and six G(-) bacterial strains. Antimycotic activity was assayed against 8 fungi. Sphagnum junghuhnianum, Barbula javanica, Barbula arcuata, Brachythecium populeum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Mnium marginatum and Entodon cf rubicundus were found to be most active against all the organisms.     

Antibacterial activity of Achillea clavennae essential oil against respiratory tract pathogens

The essential oil of Achillea clavennae was investigated for its antibacterial activity against some respiratory tract pathogens. Maximum activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The oil also exhibited strong activity against Gram (-) Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram (+) Streptococcus pyogenes was the most resistant to the oil.     

Antimicrobial activity of Amomum cannicarpum

The petroleum ether and methanol extracts of rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum exhibited moderate inhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. None of the extractives was active against the tested moulds.     

Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of Albertisia delagoensis

Leaves and rhizome methanol extracts of Albertisia delagoensis tested positive against Plasmodium falciparum, with a very low cytotoxic activity in leaves against the Graham cell line.     

大叶冬青叶抗肿瘤活性初步研究

用MTT法对大叶冬青叶不同提取物和挥发油抗肿瘤活性的测定表明,大叶冬青提取物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性.其中老叶乙醇提取物和鲜叶挥发油抗肿瘤活性最高,老叶乙醇提取物对胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的抑制率为62.40%,鲜叶挥发油对肺癌细胞株NCI-H460抑制率为93.33%.进一步实验表明大叶冬青挥发油对NCIH460(肺癌)细胞的IC50为42.86μg/mL.研究结果为大叶冬青叶保健、药用产品的开发提供了科学依据.     

Antibacterial activity of embelin

Embelin, a benzoquinone-derivative isolated from Embelia ribes, when tested for its antibacterial potential exhibited significant inhibition against five and moderate activity against three strains of the 12 bacteria tested.     

Antimicrobial activity of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract

The ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumilis, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and inactivity against Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli.     

甲磺隆防除园林草坪杂草铜锤草的药效研究

通过对磺酰脲类除草剂——甲磺隆（Metsulfuron—methyl）进行了系统的筛选测定试验。结果表明，甲磺隆除草剂对园林草坪铜锤草（Oxalis corymbosa DC．）有良好的防除效果，可以推广应用。     

Optimisation of a two-stage heat treatment process: durability aspects

Heat treatment of wood at relatively high temperatures (in the range of 150–280°C) is an effective method to improve biological durability of wood. This study was performed to investigate the effect of heat treatment process optimisation on the resistance against fungal attack, including basidiomycetes, molds and blue stain fungi. An industrially used two-stage heat treatment method under relatively mild conditions (<200°C) was used to treat the boards. Heat treatment of radiata pine sapwood revealed a clear improvement of the resistance against the brown rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta. Increasing process temperature and/or effective process time during the first process stage, the hydro thermolysis, appeared to affect the resistance against C. puteana attack, but the effect on the resistance against P. placenta was rather limited. Heat treated radiata pine showed a limited resistance against the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor and process variations during the hydro thermolysis stage appeared not to affect this resistance. A clear difference between the resistance of heat treated Scots pine sapwood and heartwood against fungal attack is observed. Scots pine heartwood showed a higher resistance against C. puteana and P. placenta but also against the white rot fungus C. versicolor. Similar results were obtained when heat treated birch was exposed to brown and white rot fungi. Heat treatment showed an improved resistance against C. puteana attack, especially at higher temperatures during the hydro thermolysis stage. A clear improvement of the durability was also observed after exposure to the white rot fungus C. versicolor and especially Stereum hirsutum. Increasing the process temperature or process time during the hydro thermolysis stage appeared to have a limited effect on the resistance against C. versicolor attack. Heat treated radiata pine and Norway spruce were still susceptible to mold growth on the wood surface, probably due to the formation of hemicelluloses degradation products (e.g. sugars) during heat treatment. Remarkable is the absence of blue stain fungi on heat treated wood specimen, also because the abandant blue stain fungi were observed on untreated specimen. Molecular reasons for the resistance of heat treated wood against fungal attack are discussed in detail contributing to a better understanding of heat treatment methods.     

Leishmanicidal activity of Maytenus illicifolia roots

In vitro evaluation of leishmanicidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Maytenus illicifolia against three species of Leishmania. The root extracts showed differential activity against parasites, whereas the aerial part of the extracts was inactive.     

Phytogrowth-inhibitory and antibacterial activity of Verbascum sinuatum

The methanolic extract of Verbascum sinuatum inflorescences and isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against 13 Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria and for their allelopathic activity against radish.     

夹竹桃提取物对松材线虫致死性的研究

用夹竹桃的树皮和树叶的酒精提取物和水提取物对松材线虫有很强的毒性,尤其是叶片的水提取物对松材线虫的杀伤性极强。这对利用植物提取液来毒杀松材线虫提供了一个初步的结论。