福建省食用菌原料林基地建设存在的问题及对策

福建省的食用菌生产历史悠久，具有传统的技术基础。但食用菌生产消耗了大量的阔叶树资源，加剧了森林生态恶化，建设食用菌原料林基地势在必行。章就我省食用菌原料林基地建设存在的问题及对策提出探讨，为我省木生食用菌生产可持续发展提供参考。     

研究对策,妥善解决食用菌生产与森林资源保护 --浙江武义县食用菌生产现状及对策

根据当前食用菌的生产现状，结合武义的具体情况，以森林资源保护，多渠道开发食用菌栽培代用料为目的，对现有食用菌生产中存在的问题，提出解决问题的对策。     

黑龙江省林副特产研究所——食用菌研究室

黑龙江省林副特产研究所，隶属黑龙江省林业科学院，是牡丹江地区唯一从事食用菌科研、菌种生产的省级科研单位。拥有省级重点试验室，食用菌中试车间，规模化、标准化栽培示范基地。食用菌研究开发仪器设备齐全。具有丰富食用菌研究、菌种生产经验的高级、中级科研人员若干名。食用菌全体科技人员以严谨务实、     

发展食用菌生产 振兴林业经济

食用菌生产投资少，见效快，效益高。林业部门场地、原材料充裕，大力发展食用菌生产，对振兴林业经济大有益处。     

丽水莲都区食用菌产业发展现状及对策

文章阐述了丽水市莲都区食用菌产业的特色和优势，分析当前食用菌产业发展中存在的问题，提出了莲都区食用菌产业可持续发展的主要对策：引导和建立本地香菇生产的集聚地；摸索5万袋规模化的食用菌生产摸式；鲜菇保鲜技术和小包装技术的攻关；建立食用菌其它品种和香菇新品种的储备库和配套技术储备；实施品牌战略，提升食用菌产品的商品化。     

食用菌专用杀菌增产剂

食用菌专用杀菌增产剂目前，在食用菌的生产中，侵染食用菌的杂菌很多，它可以造成食用菌的大幅度减产以至绝产，食用菌的杂菌中较为典型的粘菌、美发网菌都能对食用菌造成毁灭性的危害。如粘菌是一种围食性杂菌，早期粘菌以变形体形式存在，吸食食用菌的菌丝体，后期粘菌...     

牡丹江市食用菌产业现状与思考

1 牡丹江市食用菌产业的发展现状 牡丹江市人工栽培食用菌已有几十年历史。特别是近几年来，在各级党委和政府的重视和支持下，全市食用菌产业得到迅速发展。目前，食用菌产业已覆盖10个县（市）区，建立乡镇级生产基地35个，生产专业村150个，专业大户1.8万户。2005年，全市食用菌生产规模达到7．35亿袋（块），总产量达37．6万t，实现产值10．03亿元，拉动全市农民人均纯收入468元。     

牡丹江市食用菌产业发展的优势分析

黑龙江省牡丹江市地处山区，森林覆被率68％，气候冷凉，水量充沛，适宜食用菌的生长繁殖。因此，近几年，牡丹江市把食用菌作为农业四大主导产业之一，在政策、资金、用地、技术、原料等多方面扶持农户发展食用菌产业。2008年，全市食用菌乡（镇）级生产基地达到41个，生产专业村267个，带动农民3．2万户，生产规模达到15．3亿袋（块），     

SJ-75型食用菌培养料搅拌机的研制

随着林区天然林保护工程的实施和木材采伐量的日益减少，食用菌的生产已被愈来愈多的林区人所认识。在送科技下乡和科研调查过程中，我们发现仍有大部分食用菌栽培户使用铁锹人工搅拌培养料。人工搅拌培养料劳动强度大，生产效率低，搅拌效果差。为了满足广大食用菌栽培户的生产需求，我们研制了制作容易、操作简便，适用性强的SJ-75型食用菌培养料搅拌机。     

投资少见效快的食用菌生产

投资少见效快的食用菌生产食用菌是指可供食用的大型真菌，目前我国约有３００多种，其中人工栽培的有１０多种，如香菇、平菇、蘑菇、黑木耳、银耳、猴头等。这些被人们誉为“山珍”的食用菌不仅是味道鲜美、营养丰富的蔬菜，而且有着很高的药用价值。发展食用菌生产，投...     

Empirical models for predicting the production of wild mushrooms in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in the Central Pyrenees

Mushroom picking has become a widespread autumn recreational activity in the Central Pyrenees and other regions of Spain. Predictive models that relate mushroom production or fungal species richness with forest stand and site characteristics are not available. This study used mushroom production data from 24 Scots pine plots over 3 years to develop a predictive model that could facilitate forest management decisions when comparing silvicultural options in terms of mushroom production. Mixed modelling was used to model the dependence of mushroom production on stand and site factors. The results showed that productions were greatest when stand basal area was approximately 20 m² ha^?1. Increasing elevation and northern aspect increased total mushroom production as well as the production of edible and marketed mushrooms. Increasing slope decreased productions. Marketed Lactarius spp., the most important group collected in the region, showed similar relationships. The annual variation in mushroom production correlated with autumn rainfall. Mushroom species richness was highest when the total production was highest.     

我国南方食用菌原料林培育研究进展

香菇等食用菌在我国具有近千年的栽培历史，是山区经济发展的重要产业，食用菌原料林的培育对于以阔叶权赤原食用菌产业持续发展意义重大。本文重点对食用菌原料林树种的优选、人促更新定向培育、主要原料林树种的丰产栽培以及其采种基地建设等进行述评。根据食用菌原料林培育研究现状和存在问题，提出进一步发展的技术对策和今后的研究重点，包括主要原料树树的种的良种选育和扩繁技术、育苗技术、松杉林冠下造林技术和多种食用菌原料林树种混植技术、二代食用菌原料林的萌芽更新技术等。     

毛竹食用菌复合经营模式研究

利用毛竹林生态环境条件,以竹笋加工废料笋壳为培养基质,进行食用菌生产试验。结果表明,以笋壳作为培养料的平菇、榆黄蘑产量分别为592.59 kg/100 m²、187.50 kg/100 m²,分别占同样条件下以木屑作为培养料所获产量的44.06%和20.15%;以笋壳作为培养料的食用菌生产经历了2潮明显的出菇高峰,时间周期短而集中;而木屑培养料的食用菌则经历了3潮明显的出菇过程,时间周期较长。在产量方面,虽然平菇比榆黄蘑产量高,但榆黄蘑的市场价格较高,因此也值得推广。与木屑相比,笋壳具有生产成本低、生态环保、市场潜力大等优势,具有很高的潜在利用价值。     

Decreased mushroom production in a holm oak forest in response to an experimental drought

A holm oak forest located in the Prades mountains (north-eastSpain) was subjected to an experimental drought, reducing soilwater moisture by 15 per cent by the use of plastic strips andfunnels that partially excluded rain throughfall and by ditchexclusion of water runoff. We monitored mushroom productionper plot once a week during 1999 and 2000. Drought treatmentdid not delay mushroom appearance, but reduced mushroom productionby 62 per cent on average. This suggests that in a drier environment– as predicted for Mediterranean areas in the near future– there is likely to be a decrease in mushroom production,and as a result, changes in some ecological parameters suchas soil organic matter decomposition, and also a reduction inthe economic and recreational value of these Mediterranean forests.     

Effects of mushroom harvest technique on subsequent American matsutake production

The commercial harvest of American matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare) is a multi-million dollar industry in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. How to best manage for sustainable mushroom production is uncertain and concerns remain about the cumulative effects of picking in the same areas year-after-year and whether raking of surface litter and mineral soil layers to find mushrooms will reduce subsequent fruiting. Here, we evaluate the effects of several mushroom harvest techniques on American matsutake production.This study was established in the Oregon Cascades in 1994 with the selection of 18 shiros of similar mushroom production. Six mushroom harvest treatments were implemented in 1995: (1) control, (2) best management practice (BMP), (3) shallow rake, litter replaced, (4) shallow rake, no replacement, (5) deep rake, litter replaced, (6) deep rake, no replacement. These treatments were pooled into three litter disturbance groups for analysis: (a) no raking of the litter, (b) litter raked with replacement, and (c) litter raked without replacement.Matsutake production on additional shiros was monitored to further compare the control and BMP treatments. Our results demonstrate that careful picking (BMP) was not detrimental to mushroom production during the initial 10 years of mushroom harvest activity. One-time treatments in which the forest floor litter layers were removed and not replaced were strongly detrimental to matsutake production and the effects have persisted for 9 years. Matsutake production was reduced to an intermediate degree by the raking with litter replacement treatments. Damage to shiros caused by repeated raking was not tested, however we expect that the effects of repeated raking would be more severe than those reported here. Negative treatment effects were particularly noticeable in years with abundant fruiting. When environmental conditions are poor for fruiting all shiros experience low production, thereby obscuring treatment effects.Within-year and year-to-year variation in fruiting is a major challenge to studies of matsutake ecology, particularly with regard to documenting treatment effects. Further studies spanning years or even decades will likely be needed to quantify production, effects of management activities, and investigate the biology of Tricholoma magnivelare.Because this study was limited to one habitat type, extension of the results to substantially different habitats types must be made with caution. However, we speculate that since the underlying biology of matsutake fruiting is similar across a wide range of habitats, careful picking should generally not hinder subsequent fruiting when other substantial disturbance to the shiro is absent.     

双孢蘑菇设施化栽培品种选育

以引进筛选品种与国内主栽品种的生产性能比较发现,从加拿大引进筛选的T a、Tb菌株表现出高产性状,其出菇早,且出菇整齐,菇型适中,尤其是Tb菌株,表现为菇肉细嫩、口感好等性状,但其开伞状况较A s2796相对差一些;在病虫害方面,T a、Tb抗性表现相对较好,且Tb优于T a.提出Tb可作为设施栽培的品种,Tb在稻草培养料中子实体生长规律符合负指数增长曲线,出菇期集中,产量高.     

丽水香菇产业发展与森林资源利用状况分析

通过对丽水市香菇产业形成和发展情况与森林资源的利用状况的研究分析,认为香菇产业发展与森林资源的利用和保护存在着相互依存、相互作用的关系.     

Production and investment evaluation of oyster mushroom cultivation on the waste dendromass: a case study on aspen wood in Slovakia

This paper addresses the processes and investment evaluation of utilizing available dendromass in an easy and close-to-nature way under Central European conditions in Slovakia. Wood of the European aspen (Populus tremula L.) that has generally been considered of little economic value was efficiently used as a growth medium for the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.). The production of the fruiting bodies of this mushroom were evaluated for 5 years under natural forest conditions. The evaluation focused solely on aspen wood, specifically, the most valuable part – the trunk. The investment assessment revealed the high economic value of the fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom inoculated into aspen wood blocks for the period of five years. In particular, the results of the net present value (NPV?=?347.78 €/m³) as well as the profitability index (PI?=?1.63) and discounted payback period (DPP ≈ 2 years and 8 months) point to the high profitability of such a project under the given conditions. The results could be helpful and inspiring for forest and garden owners when deciding how to utilize low-value waste dendromass, low-quality aspen wood and other tree species in small-scale forest management.     

竹木屑主基质配比菌棒对香菇出菇效率及品质的影响

本文以香菇为试验对象,通过分析竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比菌棒与传统基质菌棒污染率、出菇产量、营养成分和产出效益的差异,筛选出香菇菌棒的最佳竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比(以下简称竹木基质菌棒),系统揭示竹加工剩余物在食用菌栽培利用中的可行性,旨在为竹材资源高效利用提供新的途径。结果表明:3种竹木基质菌棒总污染率显著高于对照(P=0.034<0.05),培养菌丝阶段的菌棒污染率高于排气阶段菌棒污染率;3种竹屑与杂木屑主基质配比菌棒的出菇产量低于对照,菇潮集中于前2潮,3种竹基质菌棒以处理B(45%∶45%)出菇总量最高;对4种营养成分分析表明,除总糖外,3种竹木基质菌棒培育的香菇粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量均高于对照,4种主要营养成分总含量以处理B(45%∶45%)菌棒最高,达到76.97%,显著高于其它2种竹木基质菌棒和对照(P=0.012<0.05)。本研究表明:竹木基质菌棒虽然污染率相对较高,但竹屑含量45%以下的竹木基质菌棒出菇产量与传统菌棒无差异,且菇体营养品质更优、效益更高。因此,竹屑与杂木屑组成的主基质菌棒可用于香菇培养,且竹屑基质含量以不超过45%为宜。