林火干扰对长苞铁杉更新的影响

通过模拟实验和样地调查研究了林火干扰对长苞铁杉更新的影响,结果表明:长苞铁杉可以在森林火灾迹地中完成其生活史.长苞铁杉在模拟林火干扰样地的幼苗发生率为13%,在人工刈割杂草后样地为10.5%,而在对照组样地为0,杂草的遮荫作用对长苞铁杉幼苗的发生不利.经过一个完整生长季的生长,模拟林火干扰样地内幼苗存活率为68.1%,...     

七叶树播种育苗技术

针对七叶树种子是温带顽拗性种子、容易失水而影响种子的生命力的特点,采用不同的种子处理方法、育苗方法和遮荫处理对七叶树的播种和育苗技术进行研究,以期提高其种子萌发力和苗木生长质量。结果表明:冷层积处理的种子萌发率最高,可达到80%,高于温室盆播和秋播种子;温室盆播育苗,可以延长幼苗的生长期,其植株高度比大田育苗提高20%左右;50%遮荫显著提高七叶树的幼苗生长质量,75%遮荫使苗木的生长量降低。     

长苞铁杉人工促进幼苗更新技术研究

本文研究了上层木清除和凋落物清除等措施对长苞铁杉幼苗更新的影响,结果表明:人工形成的中等大小以上的林中空地和凋落物清除有利于长苞铁杉幼苗的生长和存活。     

濒危树种滇藏榄种子发芽试验与苗木生长节律研究

通过对滇藏榄种子采集处理、育苗试验和苗木生长观测,初步研究了滇藏榄的育苗技术、苗木生长规律。结果表明:滇藏榄种子直接播种发芽率较低,通过贮藏能极显著地提高种子萌发率,尤其以贮藏2周(发芽率达86.33%)的效果最为显著。带果实贮藏两周的种子播种后9 d后开始萌动,22 d长出真叶形成幼苗。培育150 d达到出圃造林条件,但为了提高造林成活率,应继续在苗床培养至翌年雨季,1年生苗高地径的生长节律呈现出"慢-快-慢"的生长过程,其幼苗的生长高峰为7～8月份,生长旺盛期为4～10月份,在此期间应加强水肥管理,促进苗木生长。     

遮光度对白木香种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

采用遮光网探讨不同遮光度对白木香种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:遮光度75%、50%条件下,白木香种子萌发时间最早,萌发率达到80%以上;自然光(CK)条件下,萌发率最低,萌发时间最迟。不同遮光度对白木香幼苗生长有极显著影响,遮光度75%、50%条件下,白木香幼苗存活率较高,生长较迅速;遮光度90%条件下,白木香幼苗存活率最高,但生长较差;自然光(CK)条件下,白木香幼苗存活率低,生长慢。说明在白木香育苗过程中,适当的遮光能够促进白木香种子的萌发和苗木的生长。     

光照、水分、基质对江南油杉种子萌发的影响

为了揭示江南油杉(Keteleeria fortunei var.cyclolepis)种子萌发对环境的适应性,设置光照、水分、基质等环境条件对江南油杉种子萌发进行胁迫研究。结果表明:光照对江南油杉种子萌发无显著性影响,种子萌发率为81.67%~83.33%,对幼苗生长具有一定影响;在持续黑暗胁迫条件下江南油杉幼苗均为黄化苗;间歇性光照对江南油杉种子萌发和幼苗生长均无显著影响。江南油杉种子在10%水分条件下不能萌发;在25%~30%水分条件下萌发效果最好,萌发率为75.00%左右;当基质中水分小于25%时江南油杉种子不能萌发或萌发效果不好,幼苗生长较差;当基质中水分大于30%时种子萌发和幼苗生长受到抑制。江南油杉种子在滤纸基质条件下萌发效果最好,种子萌发率为83.33%;在细沙基质条件下幼苗生长最好,胚芽长22.42 mm,胚根长53.08 mm。     

赤霉素处理对暴马丁香种子萌发的影响

为快速打破暴马丁香种子休眠和促进幼苗生长,研究了不同赤霉素浓度处理对暴马丁香种子萌发的影响。结果表明:赤霉素处理能快速打破暴马丁香种子休眠,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。与对照相比,不同浓度赤霉素对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响效果差异极显著(P0.01),以500mg/L赤霉素浸种24h时,种子的发芽率、发芽势、生长量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量最高,建议育苗生产中采用500mg/L赤霉素处理暴马丁香种子。     

上海地区山桐子种子育苗技术研究

为了探讨适合上海地区环境条件的山桐子种子育苗技术,分别采用不同的种子处理方法和育苗方式进行播种育苗试验,以研究不同处理对山桐子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:采用带果皮沙藏、在播种前分离果皮和种子的处理方法播种育苗,其种子发芽率最高;与露地播种育苗相比,温室播种育苗的发芽率高,且发芽早,发芽快,出苗整齐;在后期幼苗的生长方面,露地播种的幼苗生长状况占有优势。     

红锥育苗技术

文章对红锥育苗系列技术进行了探讨，具体在种子催芽、容器苗营养土配方、幼芽与幼苗移植、不同苗床育苗等4个方面进行了对比试验。结果表明红锥种子室外沙藏催芽优于室内沙藏催芽；红锥幼苗适宜在通气良好、土壤肥力较高的苗床上生长；种子发芽后以长出真叶的幼苗阶段移植上袋成活率最高。     

油松林木菌根化造林试验效果分析

通过采用3年生油松苗,接种牛肝菌和血红铆丁菇外生菌根菌进行育苗和造林试验,结果表明:油松3a幼苗外生菌根的浸染率达到61%,油松造林外生菌根菌浸染率达到57%。山地造林外生菌根菌的浸染率明显小于圃地育苗接种苗浸染率。造林成活率比对照提高8.9%,苗高生长量提高11.5%,地径生长量提高17.3%。     

Effect of Gap Size on Seedling Establishment of Tsuga longibracteata

Effects of three gaps which are large （118 m^2）, medium （86 m^2） and small （20 m^2）, respectively, and under canopy of Tsuga longibracteata forest on the seedling establishment of T. longibracteata were studied through seed burial experiments from December 2003 to January 2005 in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve of Fujian, China. The results showed that the area of gap had an evident effect on the seedling establishment of T. longibracteata. The seedling emergence rates of T. longibracteata in plots of large gap, medium gap, small gap and under canopy were 10%, 10%, 4% and 6%, representing an increasing trend along with the gap size increasing without a significant difference. Rain eroding and insects feeding were two main factors leading to seedling death. The larger the gap size was, the more seedlings were killed by rain erosion and the fewer seedlings were killed by insects feeding. The emergence time of seedlings was almost same in all plots while their death time was different respectively. The gap size had a significant impact on seedling survival rate. The seedling survival rate was highest in the medium gap plot （27.0%） and next to the highest in large gap plot （7.3%）, and seedling in small gap plot and under canopy plot died out after one growing season. Increased light supply in gaps was favorable for the seedlings growth and survival. Increased light supply in the large gap could enhance the growth of seedling leaf and root of T. longibracteata, and the seedling in turn allocated more dry mass to root and leaf, but it has little impact on the growth of stem. This research indicates that T. longibracteata is a pioneer species and its seedling establishment need a medium or large gap （〉50 m^2）.     

Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus fasciculatum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. macrocarpum</Emphasis> on the growth and nutrient content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cassia siamea</Emphasis> in a semi-arid Indian wasteland soil

The effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus fasciculatum and G. macrocarpum on shoot and root dry weights and nutrient content of Cassia siamea in a semi-arid wasteland soil was evaluated. Under nursery conditions, mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth of seedlings. Root and shoot dry weights were higher in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants. The concentration of P, K, Cu, Zn and Na was significantly higher in AM inoculated seedlings than in non-inoculated seedlings. Mycorrhization led to decrease in alkalinity of the rhizosphere soil from pH 8.5 to 7.4. Under nursery conditions, the degree of mycorrhizal dependency increased with age of C. siamea seedling. On transplantation to the field, the survival rate of mycorrhizal seedlings (75%–90%) was higher than that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings (40%). Besides better survival rate, AM inoculation improved the growth performance of seedlings in terms of height and stem diameter. Among the two AM fungi used, the efficiency of Glomus macrocarpum was higher than that of G. fasciculatum under both nursery and field conditions.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrected page numbers.     

毛金竹鞭段育苗的影响因素

以毛金竹鞭段为试验材料,研究竹鞭年龄、竹鞭长度、育苗时间、育苗方式以及施肥等因素对鞭段成活率、竹苗高度、鞭段侧芽萌发率等的影响,以期为毛金竹鞭段育苗提供技术支撑。结果表明：随鞭段年龄增加,鞭段成活率和侧芽萌发率逐渐降低;随鞭段长度增加,鞭段成活率呈升高的变化趋势,侧芽萌发率则表现为先降低后升高的变化趋势;12月下旬鞭段育苗效果总体好于3月下旬和4月中旬。12月下旬育苗,育苗至出笋历时87 d,鞭段成活率和侧芽萌发率最高,分别为80.30%和20.79%;3月下旬育苗,育苗至出笋历时35 d,鞭段成活率和侧芽萌发率分别为51.74%和9.45%;4月中旬育苗,育苗至出笋历时20 d,鞭段成活率和侧芽萌发率分别为58.58%和9.56%。竹苗高度和育苗系数也表现为12月下旬育苗显著高于3月下旬和4月中旬育苗。采用施肥处理的鞭段进行育苗,鞭段成活率和竹苗高度明显优于未施肥处理的鞭段。在毛金竹鞭段育苗初期,新生竹苗表现出混生竹的生长行为。     

Influence of Microbial Inoculations on Cedrus deodara in Relation to Survival,Growth Promotion and Nutrient Uptake of Seedlings and General Soil Microflora

Abstract

Selected microorganisms (Laccaria laccata, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas corrugata and Azotobacter chroococcum) were used as inoculants to study their influence on seed germination, seedling survival and subsequent growth in Cedrus deodara. The microbial inoculations positively affected these parameters over control, in the following order: Azotobacter chroococcum Pseudomonas corrugata Bacillus subtilis Trichoderma viride Laccaria laccata.The major cause of seedling mortality was found to be (1) wilting of emerged seedlings by Fusarium oxysporum, and (2) cutworm attack. Bacterial inoculations were found to be superior in suppressing the proliferation of Fusariumsp., thereby enhancing seedling survival. One of the bacterial inoculants, B. subtilis, resulted in 76% seed germination, compared to 54% in control. Though inoculation with L. laccataresulted in maximum mycorrhizal infection (up to 72%) compared to48%in control seedlings, it afforded least protection against Fusariumsp., as well as minimal growth promotion. On the other hand, inoculation with T. viridesignificantly controlled wilting of seedlings and improved plant growth. Microbial inoculations were found to influence the soil microflora, nutrient status of the rhizosphere soil and that of different parts of seedlings. Enrichment of carbon was recorded in the rhizosphere soil. Enhanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of various plant parts indicated a positive influence also on nutrient uptake. The present study has implications for large scale forestry programs.     

喜树育苗和接种菌根菌试验

用苏格兰球囊菌 [Glomuscaledonium (Nicol&Gerd .)Trappe&Gerd .]和地表球囊 [Glomusversiforme (Karsten)Berch]菌种接种喜树幼苗。试验结果表明 :喜树幼苗根均可与两种菌种菌形成菌根 ,接种前者的苗木菌根感染率为 5 3% ,接种后者的苗木菌根感染率为 4 0 % ,非接种苗木 (对照 )的感染率 6 .7%。接种菌根菌后的苗木总生物量、根茎比及根系长度和地径有所提高 ,反映了 2个菌种均促进了喜树幼苗的生长 ,但对幼苗高生长的促进作用不大。     

菌根菌补充接种在油松造林中的应用研究

研究结果表明，在造林时对未能提前菌根化的苗木进行补充接种可以提高油松造林的成活率，促进苗木的生长，这种促进作用主要表现在对苗木的地径生长和地下部分的鲜重方面。对不同接种方法的研究结果表明，以圃地接种后覆膜的效果最好。     

山苍子苗木培育技术

对山苍子种子贮藏、种子育苗、扦插、嫁接等进行了为期3年的研究,结果表明:山苍子种子贮藏以沙藏为好,春季育苗发芽率达46.4%;山苍子种子催芽采用80℃的热水浸种,可提高发芽率和发芽势;与春播相比,秋播种子发芽率、发芽势相对较低,但无论是苗高、地径还是冠幅都更大;无论是春播或者秋播,浸种催芽的比无浸种催芽的发芽率或发芽势都更高,而且生长量也更大;扦插用吲哚丁酸100 mg.kg-1+萘乙酸50 mg.kg-1溶液浸泡60 m in成活率最高;嫁接以T字形芽接成活率最高。     

种子贮藏和播种方式对红椆发芽及苗木生长的影响

以红椆种子为试验材料,进行贮藏和播种方式对红椆种子发芽和苗木生长的影响试验。结果表明:不同贮藏方式对红椆种子发芽率有极显著影响;不同播种方式对红椆种子发芽率和苗木地径生长无显著影响,但对苗木成活率和苗木高生长影响极显著。     

不同内外生菌根菌接种对米老排苗期的生长效应

9 mycorrhizal fungi, including 4 ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and 5 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), were used to explore their effect on seedling growth of Mytilaria laosensis. The study shows that M. laosensis is one of the species with both VAM and ECM. Mycorrhizal infection rate of all ECM inoculation methods reached level 3, and that of AMF infection rate was 88%-93%, of which AM91 became the highest. In different periods, different inoculation treatment expressed different effects on seedling growth. At the end of the experiment, the height, ground diameter, underground dry mass and upper ground dry mass of seedling inoculated with PX0801 and 9006 respectively increased by 71%, 45%, 128%, 184%, and 65%, 54%,150%, 208%, which exhibited the best overall effect. Coinoculated seedlings with AM90036, AM3008 and AM91 had advantages over uninoculated ones in all the tested growth indicators, which suggest to significantly promote the growth of M.laosensis. The results obtained provide reference for mycorrhizal fungi application on M. laosensis.