转棉花CBF基因烟草的耐逆性生理指标测定

将棉花CBF基因转化入烟草,研究转CBF基因对烟草耐逆性的影响。对经PCR鉴定的阳性转基因烟草植株进行RT-PCR,结果表明外源CBF基因在转基因烟草中能够正常转录并表达。测定转基因烟草的各抗逆性相关生理指标,结果表明,转基因烟草的丙二醛含量明显低于野生型,为野生型的36.1%~81.1%;可溶性糖含量和POD活性均明显高于野生型烟草,分别达1.22~7.91倍和3.35~5.73倍,表明转CBF基因确实提高了烟草的耐逆性。     

Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因PsnhaA的克隆及在大豆中的功能验证

高盐对作物造成渗透胁迫和离子毒害,Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白是生物耐盐的关键因子,能够维持高盐胁迫下生物体的正常生长代谢。为促进作物的遗传转化,选育耐盐作物品种,从施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)中克隆质膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因PsnhaA,并构建到植物表达载体pBI121上,通过发根农杆菌介导的整株生长点注射法转化大豆。结果表明:PsnhaA基因已整合到转化大豆基因组中,并在转录水平获得表达。耐盐相关生理指标检测结果显示,盐胁迫后转基因植株的质膜相对电导率显著低于对照植株,叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量显著高于对照植株。PsnhaA基因显著提高了大豆的耐盐水平,为农作物的耐盐性改良提供了优良的候选基因。     

转化GmWRKY21基因提高大豆耐低温性的研究

利用农杆菌介导的带一片子叶的胚尖转化法将耐低温相关转录因子基因GmWRKY21转入‘浙春5号’和‘中黄13’两个大豆品种中,以探讨通过转基因手段创造耐低温种质的可能性。转基因植株经目的基因的PCR检测和转化T-DNA区域构建特异性的PCR检测得以确认。转基因植株较非转基因对照表现出明显的耐低温性：胁迫处理前和处理后转基因植株相对电导率均显著低于对照植株;在恢复生长以后,转基因植株均能正常生长、开花、结荚,而非转基因对照在处理后的7～10 d内枯萎死亡。试验结果初步表明GmWRKY21基因已经成功导入大豆基因组中并参与了对低温的胁迫应答,进而提高了大豆的抗低温胁迫能力。     

过量表达蔗糖转运蛋白基因增强转基因小麦的耐旱性

【目的】创制过量表达TaSUT1A的转基因小麦,分析TaSUT1A在转基因小麦中的遗传及其对干旱胁迫的应答反应,选育抗旱的转基因小麦新种质。【方法】采用基因重组技术构建了TaSUT1A表达载体,利用基因枪介导法将该载体转入小麦品种科农199,通过Bialaphos筛选、转化植株基因组DNA PCR验证获得转基因T₀植株;利用RT-PCR检测TaSUT1A在转基因T₃植株中的表达情况,在此基础上,对3个转基因系的T₄转基因植株进行抗旱性鉴定和抗旱相关生理指标分析,验证其抗旱能力。【结果】经PCR检测和RT-PCR验证,获得了转TaSUT1A小麦阳性植株,与非转基因对照相比,20%PEG胁迫处理显著诱导了转基因株系根叶组织中目标基因TaSUT1A的上调表达。抗旱鉴定和抗性生理分析显示,在20%PEG胁迫处理下,转基因株系的萌发率比非转基因对照平均提高了32.8%,显著高于非转基因对照,并促进初生根的萌发和生长,初生根长和胚芽鞘长比非转基因对照平均增加了81.72%和170.77%;在20%PEG胁迫处理下,转基因植株叶组织中的蔗糖和可溶性糖平均提高了42.95%和36.56%,根中蔗糖和可溶性糖平均提高了58.01%和43.01%,均显著高于非转基因对照植株;与未胁迫处理相比,20%PEG胁迫处理后非转基因植株叶中的SOD活性由105.4 U·g^-1FW升高到139.1 U·g^-1FW,而转基因植株的活性由107.7-115.3 U·g^-1FW提高到168.2-211.6 U·g^-1FW,显著高于非转基因对照,同时,转基因小麦株系的MDA的产生较非转基因对照平均降低了37.47%,显著减少了MDA的产生。【结论】TaSUT1A在参与植物的逆境应答反应机制中具有重要作用,促进逆境胁迫中小麦的萌发和生长,超量表达TaSUT1A可显著提高转基因小麦的耐旱能力。     

PtrDREB28转录因子的克隆及抗逆性

DREB/CBF转录因子响应植物干旱、高盐和低温等非生物胁迫应答是通过特异结合DRE/CRT顺式作用元件。利用RT-PCR技术从毛果杨克隆PtrDREB28转录因子基因,用基因枪法对其进行亚细胞定位分析,结果表明其定位在细胞核中;利用农杆菌介导法对野生型大青杨进行遗传转化,并对转基因株系进行抗逆性分析,结果显示经高盐胁迫处理的转基因株系的耐受性明显高于野生型植株;通过测定和比较经盐胁迫处理后转基因株系和野生型植株的丙二醛质量摩尔浓度和相对电导率,发现转基因株系的丙二醛质量摩尔浓度和相对电导率均显著低于野生型植株,表明PtrDREB28基因的过表达可以显著提高杨树耐盐性,由此推测PtrDREB28转录因子可能参与杨树逆境胁迫应答过程。     

东莞大蕉超表达拟南芥CBF1基因及其抗寒性检测

【目的】研究超表达拟南芥CBF1基因（AtCBF1）对大蕉抗寒性的影响,为从大蕉克隆抗寒相关基因奠定基础。【方法】采用农杆菌介导法转化东莞大蕉的胚性细胞悬浮系,获得转AtCBF1基因的大蕉植株;利用GUS组织染色、PCR、RT-PCR以及RT-qPCR对转基因植株进行鉴定;比较低温处理后的转基因株系和对照的冷害特征以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量等生理生化指标,鉴定转基因大蕉植株的抗寒能力。【结果】试验共获得6个抗性再生转化系。GUS组织染色结果表明,除T1外,其余均为阳性;PCR鉴定结果表明,AtCBF1在6个抗性再生转化系均为阳性,而GUS基因在T1转化系中没有检测出;RT-PCR结果表明,AtCBF1在6个转化系均得到表达,对T1、T2和T3 3个转化系进行RT-qPCR检测发现,AtCBF1基因在3个转基因株系表达水平存在差异;在低温处理下,转基因植株的叶片相对电导率、MDA的累积都低于非转基因植株,而SOD总活性高于对照;低温处理条件下,转基因植株叶片的冷害症状明显轻于对照。【结论】AtCBF1在大蕉中超表达,具有增强大蕉SOD活性,降低因低温导致的MDA含量和离子渗漏率,缓解质膜过氧程度,进而改善大蕉植株抗低温胁迫的能力。     

过量表达棉花GhSAP1提高转基因烟草的耐盐性

【目的】SAP（stress-associated protein）是一类涉及胁迫应答和调控的锌指蛋白。克隆并分析其对逆境胁迫应答的反应,为棉花抗逆育种提供候选基因。【方法】通过电子克隆方法并经RT-PCR验证获得棉花锌指蛋白基因GhSAP1,将带有目的基因的载体质粒通过PEG介导转化棉花叶肉原生质体细胞,瞬时表达分析其编码蛋白的特性及亚细胞定位信息。通过qRT-PCR技术分析目标基因的组织表达特征及非生物胁迫条件下的表达特性。通过农杆菌介导叶盘转化法,经组织培养获得转基因烟草进行异位表达,检测其与抗逆相关的生理指标,证明其提高植物抗逆能力。【结果】GhSAP1 ORF长度为543 bp,编码一条含180个氨基酸残基的多肽。其理论等电点8.97,分子量19.3 kD,具有典型的A20/AN1锌指结构域。亚细胞定位显示该基因编码的蛋白定位于细胞核上。不同组织器官表达分析显示,GhSAP1在根、茎、叶中的表达量高,而在开花后5 d的胚珠中表达量很低。GhSAP1受盐胁迫诱导,高盐处理2 h后表达量最高。利用含100 μg•mL-1 Kan的培养基进行抗性筛选转基因后代,结合目标基因的PCR与RT-PCR验证,获得转GhSAP1的转基因烟草阳性株系10个。目标基因GhSAP1均能在烟草基因组中整合并异位过量表达。随机选择3个转基因烟草株系,盐胁迫处理显示,发芽一周的种子在含200 mmol•L-1 NaCl培养基上胁迫12 d,转基因植株幼苗平均成活率为81.7%,比非转基因对照植株增加近3倍,其平均根长为3.05 cm,极显著高于非转基因对照。利用GhSAP1表达较高的L2纯系进行成株期烟草盐胁迫处理30 d,转基因烟草后代的SOD活性和可溶性总糖含量增幅分别为23.89 U•g-1 FW和8.37 %,均显著高于非转基因对照;与未胁迫处理相比,转基因植株的叶绿素含量降低幅度仅为0.17 mg•g-1 FW,而非转基因对照降低了0.39 mg•g-1 FW;盐胁迫处理后,转基因植株的MDA含量增幅为7.42 nmol•g-1FW,而非转基因对照增幅达20.85 nmol•g-1FW;在盐胁迫下,转基因植株具有更强的K+根部运输到植株绿色组织能力,其地上部的K+/Na+为1.23,显著高于非转基因对照。【结论】GhSAP1在参与植物的逆境应答反应机制中具有重要作用,过量表达GhSAP1可显著提高转基因烟草的耐盐能力。     

枯草杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因转化小麦的研究

 【目的】尝试将枯草杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因（SacB）导入小麦品种（系）02-371、02-207、郑麦9023和东农7742以提高其耐旱性。【方法】利用农杆菌介导法转化小麦幼胚愈伤组织，将SacB基因导入4个小麦品种，并对转化植株进行PCR和Southern杂交检测。【结果】SacB基因已整合到受体小麦的基因组中。转基因植株整合目的基因的拷贝数多为1～2个。4个受体小麦品种（系）02-371、02-207、郑麦9023和东农7742的转化频率分别为0.88%、1.48%、1.04%和1.23%。RT-PCR检测结果表明，SacB基因在部分转基因植株中得到表达，并使转基因小麦植株的耐干旱胁迫能力明显提高。【结论】向小麦中导入枯草杆菌SacB基因可增强其耐旱性。     

转BADH基因花生幼苗抗盐性研究

[目的]为提高花生幼苗的抗盐性和BADH基因在花生耐盐基因工程中的应用提供试验依据。[方法]以根癌农杆菌LBA4404为转化受体菌,pCGⅡ（Km^1）为表达载体,将BADH cDNA导入花生,并通过测定盐胁迫下花生幼苗的根冠鲜重、细胞膜相对电导率和叶绿素含量研究转化植株的耐盐性。[结果]PCR检测结果表明转化植株有1301 bp目的带,阴性对照植株无目的带。对阳性植株进行Noiahem杂交,结果表明BADH基因已整合到转化植株的基因组中,并可以正常表达。盐胁迫下,检测组植株的根冠鲜重比对照组植株显著增加;检测组植株的相对电导率与对照组植株差异显著,转基因植株的相对电导率均低于对照植株;对照组植株的叶绿素含量比检测组植株低且差异显著。[结论]转BADH基因花生比对照植株表现出更强的耐盐性。     

转FRO2基因番茄突变体的抗缺铁黄化特性

为了增加植物的抗缺铁黄化能力,研究了转FRO2基因番茄突变体抗黄化特性．结果显示FRO2基因转化番茄后,使生长在缺铁胁迫下的植株根系铁还原酶活性大大增强（转FRO2基因番茄植株根系酶活性是对照2倍）,番茄铁吸收能力和有效铁还原能力大大加强,植株中有效铁含量增加（转FRO2基因番茄植株叶片有效铁含量是时照的1．5倍）,转FRO2基因番茄的植株叶片颜色显著比对照绿,黄化程度减轻,黄化指数降低（对照的黄化指数是转FRO2基因番茄的1．3倍）,植株生长量显著高于对照（转基因植株株高高于对照50％）．在正常条件下,转FRO2基因番茄根系的FRO2基因表达量增加,铁还原酶活性增加了1．75倍,转FRO2基因番茄植株叶片有效铁含量是对照植株的2倍,是其他耐贮藏转基因番茄的（转反义NR、ACC、CTR1基因）2～3．5倍以上．     

Production of Transgenic Tall Fescue Plants with Enhanced Stress Tolerances by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation

In order to improve stress tolerances of turf-type tall fescue （Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying plasmid pCMD containing stress tolerance-related CBF1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was used to transform mature seeds-derived embryogenic calli of four cultivars. A total of 112 transgenic plants were regenerated from 32 independent lines and verified by histochemical detection of GUS activity, PCR assay and Southern hybridization analysis. The transformation frequency ranged from 0.92 to 2.87% with apparent differences among the cultivars. Stress tolerances of transgenic plants were enhanced, which was shown by the facts that transgenic plants had distinct growth superiority and significantly higher survival rate than non-transformed ones under high salinity and high osmosis stresses, and that relative electronic conductivity of in vitro leaves treated with low and high temoeratures, dehvdration and high salinity stresses was 25-30% lower in transgenic plants than in control plants.In addition,it was observed that growth of transgenic plants was inhibited due to constitutive overexpression of CBF1 gene under normal environmental conditions.     

利用转基因技术创造甜菜耐盐新种质

采用农杆菌介导法将来源于E coli的胆碱脱氢酶 (CDH)基因 (betA)和来源于拟南芥的Na+ /H+antiport基因分别转入 5个糖甜菜品种的丛生芽细胞 ,获得了转基因植株。在耐盐性筛选中 ,转基因植株存活率高 ,部分植株生长较好 ,表现出比对照植株明显提高的耐盐性。在 2 %～ 3%NaCl胁迫下 ,少数转基因植株仍生长正常 ,显示出高耐盐性。本研究表明 ,转入在不同盐胁迫反应途径中起关键作用的酶基因均可提高甜菜耐盐性 ,采用转移多个耐盐基因的策略有可能创造出高耐盐特性的新材料     

干旱和盐胁迫条件下枣树谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因（ZjGPX）的差异表达及功能分析

【目的】研究枣树谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因（ZjGPX）的功能,为其在果树抗逆基因工程改良中的利用奠定基础【方法】以‘壶瓶枣’（Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Hupingzao）结果枝构建的cDNA文库中选取一条与其他植物谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因有较高同源性的序列为研究对象进行序列分析,预测其功能。通过实时荧光定量技术分析目的基因在盐胁迫及干旱胁迫条件下的表达特性,并构建植物表达载体PEZR(K)-LNY-ZjGPX,运用农杆菌介导法,将ZjGPX转入拟南芥,对转基因及野生拟南芥植株作盐胁迫及干旱胁迫处理,验证其抗逆功能。【结果】ZjGPX编码序列（CDS）长510 bp,编码169个氨基酸。Blast比对发现该基因与多种植物GPX基因具有高度同源性（>80%）。实时荧光定量分析表明,在辣椒枣组培苗中,ZjGPX能够被一定浓度的干旱胁迫和盐胁迫诱导表达,且反应迅速,仅胁迫15 min,其相对表达量与对照相比即出现大幅升高,暗示该基因可能对枣树抗旱性和耐盐性具有重要的作用。结合50 μg·mL^-1 Kan抗性筛选、PCR验证及激光共聚焦显微镜观察,共获得10株阳性转基因拟南芥株系,干旱及盐胁迫处理结果显示,转基因拟南芥种子萌发率均高于野生型拟南芥;成株在胁迫15 d后,野生型拟南芥出现叶片发黄、萎焉、整株干枯、死亡的迹象,而转ZjGPX拟南芥生长基本正常。表明过表达ZjGPX拟南芥株系具有良好的耐旱性和耐盐性。【结论】ZjGPX在植物的干旱和盐胁迫应答反应机制中起重要作用,过量表达ZjGPX可提高转基因拟南芥的耐旱和耐盐能力。     

梭梭HaNAC12转录因子抗逆功能验证

【目的】验证梭梭NAC转录因子基因（HaNAC12）的抗逆功能,以期解析梭梭响应逆境胁迫的分子机制,为梭梭及其他作物抗逆遗传改良提供理论参考。【方法】通过实时荧光定量PCR对HaNAC12基因在干旱、高盐、ABA处理下的表达模式分析。利用同源重组法、农杆菌介导喷花法、喷洒除草剂等方法构建并筛选HaNAC12转基因拟南芥...     

Overexpression of a Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Gene,OsAPX2, Increases Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Alfalfa

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop in the world and it is of great significance for the improvement of its salt tolerance. To improve salt tolerance in alfalfa, a rice ascorbate peroxidase gene (OsAPX2) was introduced into alfalfa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with marker gene bar. The different T-DNA insertions in T₁ transgenic alfalfa were identified by Southern hybridization. Three independent T₂ transgenic lines were selected for stress analysis and the results showed that all of them were salt tolerant compared with wild-type plants. The transgenic plants had low levels of H₂O₂, malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity under salt and drought stresses. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and proline, and APX activity were high in transgenic plants under salt and drought stresses. Taken together, the overexpression of OsAPX2 enhances salt tolerance in alfalfa through scavenging reactive oxygen species.     

Constitutive Overexpression of Myo-inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase Gene (GsMIPS2) fromGlycine soja Confers Enhanced Salt Tolerance at Various Growth Stages inArabidopsis

The enzymemyo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS EC 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the first step ofmyo-inositol biosynthesis, a product that plays crucial roles in plants as an osmoprotectant, transduction molecule, cell wall constituent and production of stress related molecule. Previous reports highlighted an important role of MIPS family genes in abiotic stresses particularly under salt stress tolerance in several plant species; however, little is known about the cellular and physiological functions ofMIPS2 genes under abiotic conditions. In this study, a novel salt stress responsive gene designatedGsMIPS2 from wild soybean Glycine soja07256 was functionally characterized contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 533 bp coding a peptide sequence of 510 amino acids along with mass of 56 445 ku. Multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed its 92%-99% similarity with other MIPS family members in legume proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated thatGsMIPS2 was induced by salt stress and expressed in roots of soybean. The positive function ofGsMIPS2 under salt response at different growth stages of transgenicArabidopsis was also elucidated. The results showed thatGsMIPS2 transgenic lines displayed increased tolerance as compared to WT andatmips2 mutant lines under salt stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of some salt stress responsive marker genes, including KIN1,RD29A, RD29B,P5CsandCOR47 were significantly up-regulated inGsMIPS2 overexpression lines than wild type andatmips2 mutant. Collectively, these results suggested thatGsMIPS2 gene was a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt stress. This was the first report to demonstrate that overexpression ofGsMIPS2 gene from wild soybean improved salt tolerance in transgenicArabidopsis.     

Overexpression of the Suaeda salsa SsNHX1 gene confers enhanced salt and drought tolerance to transgenic Zea mays

Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide, but it suffers from salt stress when grown in saline-alkaline soil. There is therefore an urgent need to improve maize salt tolerance and crop yield. In this study, the SsNHX1 gene of Suaeda salsa, which encodes a vacuolar membrane Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter, was transformed into the maize inbred line 18-599 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic maize plants overexpressing the SsNHX1 gene showed less growth retardation when treated with an increasing NaCl gradient of up to 1%, indicating enhanced salt tolerance. The improved salt tolerance of transgenic plants was also demonstrated by a significantly elevated seed germination rate (79%) and a reduction in seminal root length inhibition. Moreover, transgenic plants under salt stress exhibited less physiological damage. SsNHX1-overexpressing transgenic maize accumulated more Na⁺ and K⁺ than wild-type (WT) plants particularly in the leaves, resulting in a higher ratio of K⁺/Na⁺ in the leaves under salt stress. This result revealed that the improved salt tolerance of SsNHX1-overexpressing transgenic maize plants was likely attributed to SsNHX1-mediated localization of Na⁺ to vacuoles and subsequent maintenance of the cytosolic ionic balance. In addition, SsNHX1 overexpression also improved the drought tolerance of the transgenic maize plants, as rehydrated transgenic plants were restored to normal growth while WT plants did not grow normally after dehydration treatment. Therefore, based on our engineering approach, SsNHX1 represents a promising candidate gene for improving the salt and drought tolerance of maize and other crops.     

水杨酸诱导表达AtCBF1的转基因烟草研究

CBF是植物低温驯化过程中的关键性调控因子,过量表达CBF可显著提高转基因植物的非生物胁迫抗性。但是,组成型高表达CBF基因常导致转基因植株生长受阻。通过使用人工合成的水杨酸诱导型启动子,结果发现拟南芥CBF1基因在转基因烟草中受低浓度水杨酸诱导表达,且不影响烟草的生长发育。本研究结果说明,组合化学诱导型启动子和CBF基因,可以用于提高作物的抗环境胁迫的遗传改良中。