滇重楼不同部位氨基酸测定及营养评价

【目的】研究了滇重楼茎、叶、花和根茎的氨基酸组成、含量以及营养价值,为滇重楼资源的综合利用提供理论依据。【方法】滇重楼茎、叶、花和根茎的氨基酸测定采用日立L-8800氨基酸自动分析仪,营养评价采用氨基酸比值系数法。【结果】滇重楼茎、叶、花和根茎中均检测出17种常见氨基酸(色氨酸被水解破坏未检出),其氨基酸总量叶(13.96%)花(10.92%)茎(4.54%)根茎(4.02%);滇重楼茎、叶、花和根茎中富含药效氨基酸,且均检出γ-氨基丁酸;滇重楼的茎、叶、花和根茎中均含有8种呈味氨基酸,其含量分别为2.86%、8.21%、6.18%、2.34%;滇重楼的茎、叶、花和根茎中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(E/T)分别为0.35、0.39、0.39、0.38,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N)分别为0.53、0.65、0.65、0.61,氨基酸配比较为合理;滇重楼植株的必需氨基酸含量接近FAO/WHO推荐的标准模式谱,有较高的营养价值;滇重楼茎、叶、花和根茎中蛋氨酸+胱氨酸均为第一限制氨基酸,营养价值从高到低依次为根茎叶茎花。【结论】滇重楼地上部分具有较高的营养价值和保健作用,可作为动物饲料对其进行开发利用。     

额尔齐斯河5种土著鱼肌肉氨基酸组成及营养比较

【目的】对新疆额尔齐斯河5种达到商品鱼规格的土著鱼:北极茴(Thymallus arcticus)、江鳕(Lota lota)、丁鲑(Tinca tinca)、白斑狗鱼((Esox lucius)、河鲈(Perca fluviatilis)的肌肉18种氨基酸含量进行了测定,并对其营养价值进行评估。【方法】酸水解法与碱水解法。【结果】5种鱼氨基酸总量介于82.65%~59.37%间,其中北极茴鱼含量显著低于其他种;8种必需氨基酸质量分数为53.52%~39.95%,除丁鲑和白斑狗鱼外,其他种间差异显著;鲜味氨基酸含量在34.99%~26.37%,北极茴和丁鲑含量显著低于其他种。与WHO/FAO模式谱相比较,5种鱼的必需氨基酸含量符合度好,氨基酸比值系数分为93.27%~83.33%。【结论】5种野生土著鱼氨基酸含量丰富,必需氨基酸比例平衡,鲜味氨基酸比值高。以氨基酸比值系数分为参比来看,在满足商品鱼规格时,5种鱼营养价值顺序为丁鲑白斑狗鱼河鲈北极茴江鳕。     

西藏大花黄牡丹花朵氨基酸组成和矿质元素比较分析

【目的】为开发西藏大花黄牡丹资源,分析其花朵的氨基酸组成与矿质元素等营养价值。【方法】以西藏米林县彩米村、扎贡沟、邦仲村和雪卡沟4个居群的花朵为材料,利用自动氨基酸分析仪对其氨基酸进行检测,通过氨基酸比值系数法对其营养价值进行评价,并测定了花中K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu、Se和B等9种营养元素和Cd、Pb 2种重金属元素含量。【结果】4个居群均含有17种氨基酸(含7种必需氨基酸)和上述矿质元素,氨基酸总量为94.36~128.97g/kg,扎贡沟居群的氨基酸总量显著高于其他3个居群,其K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe和B含量在4个居群中均处于较高含量水平。大花黄牡丹人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的32.47%~35.08%,接近WHO/FAO推荐的必需氨基酸模式。药效氨基酸含量达到氨基酸总量的63.69%~65.62%,而鲜味氨基酸含量则达到氨基酸总量的27.77%~30.09%。4个居群花朵的氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)分别为67.21、67.15、66.85和66.61,第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,Cd和Pb两种重金属元素也符合相关标准。【结论】大花黄牡丹花朵具有较高开发利用价值。     

食荚菜豆氨基酸组成与含量及其品质评价

【目的】明确食荚菜豆氨基酸的组成与含量,并对其进行营养评价,阐明氨基酸组成对营养及风味品质的影响,筛选优质食荚菜豆品种。【方法】以9个食荚菜豆品种为试材,对商品成熟期果荚氨基酸组成及含量进行测定,并分析各品种的营养品质及风味品质。【结果】食荚菜豆含有全部种类的氨基酸,总量为5.90~20.99mg/g,其中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高,分别占氨基酸总量的15.12%~19.95%和13.52%~17.20%,为食荚菜豆的主要氨基酸;必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的37.76%~42.26%;异亮氨酸的氨基酸比值系数(RC)为0.43~0.53,甲硫氨酸与半胱氨酸的RC为0.42~0.85,是食荚菜豆的限制性氨基酸,其余必需氨基酸的RC均为1左右;天冬氨酸、谷氨酸的含量阈值比(RCT)较高,分别为29.98~135.08和17.77~67.72,半胱氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸及丙氨酸的RCT也均大于1。氨基酸含量存在品种间差异,呈味氨基酸天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸及半胱氨酸对食荚菜豆风味品质形成具有一定贡献,扁条及宽刀型品种江东宽、九月青、口挤豆、白云峰的氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸含量较高,而圆棍型品种供给者、泰国架豆的氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸含量相对较低。【结论】食荚菜豆氨基酸种类齐全,比例合理,接近WHO/FAO推荐模式。     

黄金鲈肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

【目的】分析测定黄金鲈(Perca flavescens)的肌肉营养成分,对其营养价值进行综合评价。【方法】以20尾体质量为(142.29±4.31)g的黄金鲈为检测对象,采用国家标准方法测定其肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、灰分及氨基酸含量。【结果】黄金鲈肌肉中水分含量为779.1g/kg,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为186.2,12.1和12.6g/kg。氨基酸总量为84.07%(质量分数,干样,下同),必需氨基酸(EAA)总量为36.66%,占氨基酸总量的43.62%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的标准。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为62.57,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)总量为42.06%,氨基酸中鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为33.14%。鱼肉中富含Ca、Mg、Zn等矿物质元素。【结论】黄金鲈肌肉中蛋白质含量较高,必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量较丰富,粗脂肪含量较低,是营养价值和经济价值较高的优质鱼类,经常食用有利于人体健康。     

紫云红芯薯营养价值分析及评价

为了解紫云红芯薯的营养价值，以紫云红芯薯为试材，采用国家标准方法、FAO/WHO模式中的氨基酸评价标准及氨基酸比值系数法，对紫云红芯薯块根中的营养价值进行评价。结果显示，紫云红芯薯块根中营养元素含量及16种氨基酸含量存在差异，灰分含量较低，有机组分中淀粉含量>蛋白质含量>还原糖含量，K含量>Fe含量>Zn含量；必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的含量分别为3530 mg/kg、6970 mg/kg, E/T为0.336,E/N为0.506,大于FAO/WHO提出的优质蛋白质氨基酸组成标准；呈味氨基酸中鲜味氨基酸>甜味氨基酸>苦味氨基酸，鲜、甜味氨基酸占呈味氨基酸含量的68.95%;苏氨酸、酪氨酸+苯丙氨酸相对过剩，缬氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸相对不足，蛋氨酸为第一限制氨基酸，SRC为66,营养价值较高。该研究表明了紫云红芯薯块根是适宜蒸煮的鲜食型甘薯，具有独特的香甜味，营养价值较高，通过合理膳食，可满足人体所需的营养要求。     

晋谷蛋白中氨基酸的含量与营养分析

应用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数法,分别以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对晋谷9个优良品种的蛋白质营养价值进行了全面评价.结果表明:晋谷蛋白质含量为10.37%～11.84%.晋谷13号和晋谷30号蛋白中氨基酸总量最高,为991.11～989.56 mg/g.9个晋谷品种蛋白中的氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39%～40%,第一限制氨基酸是赖氨酸,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为65.47～67.64.谷子是营养价值很高的植物蛋白.     

不同产地乌鸡氨基酸特征及其蛋白质品质评价

采用氨基酸比值系数法及主成分分析法对3个产地共9批次乌骨鸡的氨基酸含量和组成进行分析,以评价乌骨鸡氨基酸组成及营养价值。结果表明,不同产地乌骨鸡中氨基酸含量基本一致,含有丰富的必需氨基酸、儿童必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸和条件必需氨基酸,但Pro、Ala、Cys、Gly、Arg含量存在差异。乌骨鸡中氨基酸与FAO/WHO氨基酸模式及FBN/IOM氨基酸模式较为一致,必需氨基酸营养价值高,蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为乌骨鸡第一限制性氨基酸。主成分分析提取3个主成分,贡献率达90.111%,其中第一主成分贡献率达54.086%;Leu、Ile、Phe、His、Lys在第一主成分系数占较大比重,是乌骨鸡中代表性氨基酸。     

江黄颡鱼肌肉氨基酸组成及营养分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定江黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)肌肉中的氨基酸组成,并进行相关营养分析。结果表明,江黄颡鱼肌肉中共检测到17种氨基酸,其中7种人体必需氨基酸含量为6.35%(占鲜样的比例,下同),占氨基酸总量的40.04%;4种鲜味氨基酸含量为6.43%,占氨基酸总量的40.58%;人体半必需氨基酸含量为1.37%,占氨基酸总量的8.64%;必需氨基酸中除了亮氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、缬氨酸外,其他氨基酸的含量均高于FAO/WHO评分模式;赖氨酸含量高于鸡蛋蛋白标准模式;必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.67;7种人体必需氨基酸中,苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸占氨基酸总量的比例较其他食物高。江黄颡鱼氨基酸含量丰富、味道鲜美,具有较高的食用和营养价值。     

藤茶不同部位氨基酸动态变化与营养价值研究

为了弄清不同采收部位藤茶氨基酸含量、组成变化及营养价值,采用氨基酸自动分析仪对不同样品各种氨基酸的含量进行检测,并对其组成进行比较与分析.结果表明,不同部位藤茶E/T(E为体必需氨基酸之和,T为总氨基酸)为40.10%~40.90%,与FAO/WHO规定标准40%相近,E/N(N为人体非必需氨基酸之和)为66.94%~69.20%,均显著高于FAO/WHO标准规定的60%,有较高的营养价值.不同部位藤茶中氨基酸总量相差较大,叶中氨基酸的含量比幼茎的高,老叶比新叶的高.不同部位藤茶的各种人体必需氨基酸中,25 d左右叶的SRC最大,第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸.     

Analysis of Amino Acid Composition and Six Native Alfalfa Cultivars

【Objective】 Six domestic alfalfa cultivars (Zhongcao No.3, Gannong No.1, Longmu No. 806, Zhongmu No.2, Xinjiang Big Leaf, Gongnong No.1) were used, amino acid content and the nutrition evaluation of alfalfa were studied, to provide the scientific basis for utilization and further research on native alfalfa germplasm resources or alfalfa resources development and utilization. 【Method】 Randomized block design with three replications was used. Different cultivars were planted in different experimental plot, the experimental plot area was 30 m ². The first year, first cut alfalfa which in the early flower stage were used. After 20 min heated at 105℃ and 48 h heated at 65℃, alfalfa were smashed to pass through a screen of 60 meshes. The samples were hydrolyzed by HCl and analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. Amino acid constituents and contents were analyzed. Alfalfa essential amino acid composition were compared with FAO/WHO amino acid pattern spectrum and FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. Ratio of essential amino acid (RAA), ratio coefficient (RC), score of RC (SRC) or essential amino acid index (EAAI) were calculated to evaluate the nutritional value. 【Result】 All of six domestic alfalfa cultivars contained 17 amino acids, 7 essential amino acids and 9 medicinal amino acids. Except Asp, Cys, Pro, F and (S+F)/B were significant difference among six cultivars, other amino acids compositions had no significant differences. The content of total amino acids in alfalfa were ranged from 14.85% to 19.48%, essential amino acids were range from 5.35% to 6.93%, non-essential amino acids were range from 9.50% to 12.55%, medicinal amino acids was greater than 60%. The content of total amino acids, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were highest in Xinjiang Big Leaf alfalfa. The ratio of sweet and fresh taste to bitter taste amino acid was above 1.8. Only Met+Cys were lower than FAO/WHO amino acid pattern. E/T was ranged from 35% to 36% and E/N was ranged from 54% to 57%, which were a little lower than FAO/WHO ideal protein standards. SRC was ranged from 73 to 74, and EAAI of all alfalfa was closed to 1. 【Conclusion】 There were abundant species and high content amino acid in alfalfa. The essential amino acids were relatively balanced and reasonable. Alfalfa were good protein sources, which also has medicinal value. The first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys. When used as vegetables, it is recommended that something which has high content of Met+Cys were used as complementary food to improve their nutritional value.     

肉鸡酵母水解物代谢能及氨基酸可利用率评定

【目的】 评定肉鸡对酵母水解物的表观代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率,拟为酵母水解物在肉鸡饲粮中的广泛应用提供基础参数。【方法】 选择18 d、体重无差异的科宝白羽肉仔鸡160只,随机分成对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只试验鸡,公母各半。对照组饲喂以玉米淀粉、葡萄糖、纤维、大豆油配制的无氮日粮,试验组饲喂以酵母水解物为唯一粗蛋白质来源的半纯合日粮,对照组和试验组均添加0.5%的二氧化钛作为外源指示剂。试验期间自由采食,全收粪法收集试验鸡22—24 d粪便,并统计该期间肉鸡采食量,通过检测日粮以及粪便中总能、含氮量来计算酵母水解物表观代谢能值和氮校正表观代谢能值。粪便收集完后自由采食,26日龄麻醉剖解收集回肠后半段食靡,分别检测日粮、回肠食糜中氨基酸及二氧化钛含量,计算酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率。【结果】 （1）酵母水解物总能值为18.19 MJ·kg ^-1,表观代谢能值为11.22 MJ·kg ^-1,氮校正表观代谢能为10.17 MJ·kg ^-1,其有效能值与普通豆粕相当。（2）酵母水解物粗蛋白质含量为41.7%,总氨基为36.97%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之比为44﹕56,与普通豆粕接近;酵母水解物肉鸡限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Phe+Tyr、Val、His、Lys、Thr、Trp,与豆粕差异较大。（3）酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率均大于70%,肉鸡可利用限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Thr、Phe+Tyr、His、lys、Val、Trp,蛋氨酸、精氨酸为第一、第二限制性可利用氨基酸,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸为第三、第四限制性可利用氨基酸,苏氨酸可利用较差,为第五限制性可利用氨酸,酵母水解物限制性氨基酸与豆粕差异较大。【结论】 酵母水解物是一种蛋白饲料原料,其蛋白质含量、有效能值与豆粕相当,但其氨基酸组成及氨基酸可利用率与豆粕存在较大差异。因此,酵母水解物在肉鸡日粮中应用,需要考虑补充不同氨基酸或者搭配不同蛋白质饲料来平衡氨基酸的需要。     

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolic Energy,Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy,Biological Value of Protein and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acid of Yeast Hydrolysate for Broilers

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent metabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy, ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate in broilers, so as to provide the reference for the wide application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diets. 【Method】 A total of 160 Cobb white-feathered broilers at 18 days old with no difference in body weight were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. There were 8 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens with half male and half female were in each replicate. The control group was fed a nitrogen-free diet consisting of corn starch, glucose, fiber and soybean oil, and the experimental group was fed a semi-homozygous diet using yeast hydrolysate as the sole crude protein source. Furthermore, the control group and the experimental group were fed with 0.5% titanium dioxide, respectively, as an exogenous indicator. During the whole experiment, free feeding was available for broilers, feces were collected on 22-24 days using total fecal collection method, and the feed intake of broilers was counted. Further, the apparent metabolic energy of yeast hydrolysate and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy were calculated by measuring the total energy and nitrogen content in both diets and feces of broilers. After26 days of experiment, the latter half of ileum was dissected under anesthesia, the chime was taken out, and the contents of amino acids and titanium dioxide in both diet and ileal chyme were measured to calculate the apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate. 【Result】 (1) The total energy value of yeast hydrolysate was 18.19 MJ·kg ^-1, the apparent metabolic energy value was 11.22 MJ·kg ^-1, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy was 10.17 MJ·kg ^-1. Effective energy was equivalent to that of common soybean meal. (2) Crude protein content of yeast hydrolysate was 41.7%, and total amino acid was 36.97%. The ratio of essential amino acid to dispensable amino acid was 44:56, which was close to that of common soybean meal. The limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Phe+Tyr, Val, His, lys, Thr and Trp, which were different from soybean meal. (3) The ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate were all higher than 70%. The available limiting amino acids were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe+Tyr, His, Lys, Val, and Trp. Methionine and arginine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, and leucine and isoleucine were the third and the fourth limiting amino acids, respectively. Threonine was poorly available, and was regarded as the fifth restrictive available amino acid. In addition, the limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were quite different to soybean meal. 【Conclusion】 Yeast hydrolysate was a kind of protein feed material. Its protein content and effective energy value were similar to soybean meal, but its amino acid composition and availability were quite different to soybean meal. Therefore, in the application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diet, it was necessary to consider the need of supplementing different amino acids or mixing different protein feeds to balance amino acids.     

花后增温对双季晚粳稻产量和稻米品质的影响

【目的】 明确花后增温对双季晚粳稻产量和稻米品质的影响,以期为未来气候变暖条件下双季晚粳稻安全生产和优质栽培提供理论依据。 【方法】 本研究于2017—2018年在江西农业大学上高科技驿站试验基地进行,该地区位于江西双季稻主产区。以籼粳杂交稻甬优1538为试验材料,设置花后增温（post-anthesis warming treatment,PAW;从抽穗期到成熟期昼夜不间断增温）和不增温对照（ambient temperature treatment,CK;安装与增温处理相同的装置,但不供电）2个处理,随机区组设计,3次重复。采用稻田开放式远红外主动增温（free-air temperature increase,FATI）系统对水稻冠层进行增温,对比分析了不增温和花后增温条件下,晚粳稻产量、产量构成、加工品质、外观品质、RVA谱特征值、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量的变化。【结果】 花后增温导致晚粳稻甬优1538的产量和稻米品质发生明显变化,且2年变化趋势基本一致。与不增温对照相比,花后增温2.2℃显著降低了晚粳稻产量,平均降幅为4.4%。花后增温条件下,2年晚粳稻的糙米率、精米率和整精米率均无显著变化,但2年的垩白粒率和垩白度分别平均显著提高了27.4%和24.4%。花后增温提高了米粉RVA谱特征值的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和糊化温度,降低了其消减值,而对崩解值和最终黏度无显著影响。花后增温条件下,直链淀粉含量呈下降趋势,2年平均降幅为6.4%;但精米中蛋白质相对含量和绝对含量均呈增加趋势,2年平均增幅分别为8.7%和6.6%。另外,花后增温均提高了精米中非必需氨基酸和必需氨基酸的含量,并且非必需氨基酸对增温的响应比必需氨基酸敏感,其中非必需氨基酸的总量显著提高了5.7%。从氨基酸的相对比例可以发现,花后增温对绝大多数氨基酸的相对比例无显著影响,而酪氨酸和甲硫氨酸的相对比例显著提高。【结论】 花后增温降低了晚粳稻产量,对稻米加工品质无显著影响,使稻米外观品质品和蒸煮品质变差,而有利于改善其营养品质和食味品质。     

日本金线鱼肌肉营养成分分析

对日本金线鱼(Nemipterus japonicus)的含肉率和肌肉营养成分进行测定并分析。结果表明,日本金线鱼含肉率为74.96(±1.99)%,粗蛋白含量为19.48(±0.21)%,粗脂肪含量为2.66(±0.02)%,水分含量为76.37(±0.34)%,粗灰分含量为1.35(±0.02)%。肌肉蛋白中17种氨基酸占鲜样的13.71%,其中人体必需氨基酸占鲜样的6.26%,占氨基酸总量的45.66%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比例为89%,符合FAO/WHO的标准。第一、第二限制性氨基酸均为含硫氨酸(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸)和苏氨酸,必需氨基酸指数为65.30,4种鲜味氨基酸含量为5.39%,占氨基酸总量的39.31%。     

氮磷肥施量对阿苇灌区苜蓿生长指标和产量的影响

【目的】 研究青河县阿苇灌区不同氮、磷肥水平对苜蓿生长特性和产量的影响及相互关系。【方法】 采用浅埋式滴灌灌水技术,通过田间试验,设置2种施肥类型3个施肥水平,1组无肥对比,实测并分析不同施肥水平下紫花苜蓿株高、茎粗、枝条数等生长指标对产量的影响,运用回归分析法建立模型并验证。【结果】 苜蓿的株高、茎粗随着施肥量增大而增大,株高增幅最大为第二茬氮磷肥增幅分别为27%和20%,茎粗增幅最大为第一茬氮肥处理增加6%同时WUE提高31%,施肥量的大小对枝条数影响较小,回归方程W=11 072.41+15.74N对不同氮肥条件下苜蓿增产效果进行模拟,效果较好。【结论】 运用浅埋式滴灌技术开展苜蓿施肥试验,适宜的施肥类型与施量可以促进苜蓿生长,达到节水增产目的。     

花(鱼骨)的肌肉营养成分与品质评价

用常规方法对体重(84.34±13.48)g、体长(17.51±0.72)cm的花鱼骨Hem ibarbus maculates的肌肉营养成分进行了分析。结果表明:花鱼骨肌肉鲜样中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分的含量(均为质量分数)分别为17.5%、2.8%、78.4%和1.2%;新鲜肌肉中18种氨基酸的总量为15.46%,占鱼体粗蛋白质的88.34%,其中8种人体必需氨基酸总量为6.14%,占氨基酸总量的39.69%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合FAO/WHO的标准。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)均显示,花鱼骨蛋白质的第一限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸),必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为69.02,脂肪酸中含有高比例(23.6%)的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),高于鲤科其它名优养殖鱼类。     

枣园生草对土壤养分及果实品质的影响

【目的】研究不同生草对土壤养分及果实品质的影响,为宁夏灵武长枣栽培模式优化提供依据。【方法】于枣园行间种植不同的草种,进行方差分析。【结果】枣园生草提高枣园0~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量枣园种粒黑麦草和白三叶可提高果实VC和类黄酮含量、降低有机酸含量、增强果实硬度;紫花苜蓿处理可明显提高单果重。【结论】枣园生草可提高种植园土壤肥力、改善果实品质,其中黑麦草和白三叶行间生草效果优于其他草种。     

蛙皮素样肽家族及其受体氨基酸序列信息学比较分析

【目的】研究反刍动物蛙皮素样肽家族多肽及其受体的保守性。为不同动物,特别是反刍动物这2种蛙皮素样多肽及其受体蛋白抗原设计和活性多肽筛选等研究提供参考。【方法】采用生物信息分析学的方法,通过UniProt数据库比较牛的蛙皮素样肽家族胃泌素释放肽(Gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP)和神经介素B(Neuromedin B, NMB)2种多肽及其特异性受体GRP-R和NMB-R与其他动物氨基酸序列的差异性。【结果】13种动物成熟GRP多肽C-端的8个氨基酸序列完全相同,牛GRP氨基酸序列与绵羊、猪和豚鼠最高,分别为88.7%、77.8%和77.8%,与其他动物相似性低于74.1%。10种动物成熟NMB多肽C-端10个氨基酸序列完全相同。牛GRP-R与狗、马和猪等相似性最高,分别为96.1%、94.3%和94.0%,牛NMB-R与猪、人和马相似性最高,分别为92.3%、91.5%和91.0%;牛GRP-R与NMB-R相似性仅为62.2%。【结论】GRP和NMB的C-端氨基酸序列在不同动物之间均具有高度的保守性,而N-端为变化区域,且GRP-R和NMB-R氨基酸序列在动物之间保守性较高。     

胃泌素和胆囊收缩素及其受体氨基酸序列信息学比较分析

【目的】胃泌素(GAS)和胆囊收缩素(CCK)具有较多相似性,但两种激素与其受体(CCK-A和CCK-B)亲和力不同,研究利用生物信息学的方法,比对羊GAS和CCK及其受体氨基酸序列与其它动物序列的不同,为不同动物这两种多肽及其受体蛋白抗原设计和活性多肽筛选等提供参考。【方法】通过UniProt数据库检索各种动物GAS和CCK及其受体氨基酸序列进行比对,并进行全氨基酸序列进化树分析。【结果】除了鸡和鱼,其他动物GAS的C-端7个氨基酸完全相同;除了豚鼠外,CCK的C-端10个氨基酸序列完全相同;羊与牛的GAS-34及CCK-33氨基酸序列完全相同。羊与牛,大鼠与小鼠、狗与猫的CCK-A和CCK-B均分别在同一个分支上;从GAS和CCK及受体全氨基酸序列(包括信号肽和原肽)来看,禽类和鱼类序列同哺乳动物差距均较大;绵羊CCK-A与CCK-B氨基酸序列相似性仅为45.094%。【结论】GAS和CCK的C-端氨基酸序列在不同动物之间均具有高度的保守性,而N-端为变化区域。