甘蓝型油菜黄籽双低不育系2225A的选育及应用

2225AB以双低甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系98-116AB中优良不育株为母本,甘蓝型油菜黄籽双低株系2225作杂交父本,通过杂交、回交和兄妹交选育成功的高油分黄籽双低甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育两型系.黄籽不育系2225A的叶色浓绿、叶片较厚、抗寒性强,冻害指数8.5.该不育系群体的黄籽株率和黄籽频率均达100%,芥酸平均含量低于0.5%,硫甙含量低于20umol/(g·饼),含油量在45%左右,最高可达49.94%,恢复源广.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜细胞质雄性不育系盐2A的选育

应用品种间杂交,将优质黄籽品系“D180-1”的黄籽性状导入细胞质雄性不育保持系“盐1B”及其不育系“盐1A”中,育成了甘蓝型黄籽油菜细胞质雄性不育系“盐2A”和保持系“盐2B”。盐2A黄籽株率达91.0%,黄籽度3.93,不育性彻底,品质双低。与黑籽恢复系及黄籽恢复系材料配组,可选择到强优势组合。     

油菜隐性核不育系从低芥向双低转育的技术

用双低品种对不育系转育测交后，在F2代分离出的不育株上再用其品种回交，然后在B1F2（回交种的F2）代群体中选可育株自交，自交株通过室内硫甙粗测分析淘汰种植B1F3的低硫株行，花期选择出现1／4不育株率的株系进行系内兄妹交，再种植鉴定，选50％左右不育株率的株系成对测交。用3年6代（含夏繁）育成了不育株率为51．8％、硫甙含量为31．2μmol/g的不育系－油研7号双低不育系。其选择群体在100－500株的范围，双低株系的入选株率在5％以上，不育系稳定的入选株系率可达60％左右。     

软核山楂杂交后代果实品质综合评价

以“山东大绵球”与“新宾软籽”杂交F1代（151株）混交获得的F2代群体中10个性状较好的软核山楂株系为研究对象，测定其果实外观性状、内在品质、营养品质共19个指标，分析各株系的品质性状差异性，并运用主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明：19个果实品质性状均有显著性差异，部分性状表现较好，单果重最高达5.27 g（株系18-27，下同），果皮颜色主要为鲜红色，可食率最高达90.96%(17-17)，维生素C含量最高达965.2 mg/kg(16-35)。通过主成分分析提取出了6个主成分，累计贡献率达93.695%，其中第一主成分（27.76%）和第二主成分（25.29%）累计贡献率最高，主要包括可溶性糖、果实颜色、果实硬度、含水量等指标。综合评分较高的是20-9、15-38和25-37这3个株系，均可作为优良软核山楂种质资源加以利用。     

水稻空间诱变稻瘟病抗性变异研究及抗性变异基因的分子标记

对空间诱变的丽江新团黑谷SP1~SP3代株系稻瘟病抗性变异进行了分析。结果表明,经过空间诱变后,510株SP1代植株中有70株对接种的GD 531菌株由感病变为抗病,占总株数的13.7%;SP2代多数抗病株系对接种菌株的抗感分离比例符合3∶1或15∶1的规律,说明SP2代多数抗病株系受1对或2对显性主效基因控制;SP3代受1对抗病主效基因控制的抗病株系抗性继续分离,而受2对抗病主效基因控制的抗病株系抗性基本稳定;利用LR 8-SP2群体对丽江新团黑谷经过空间诱变后产生的抗病基因进行分子标记,结果发现该基因位于第9染色体上,与微卫星标记RM 409连锁。     

甘蓝型油菜含油量及皮壳率的QTL分析

【目的】通过构建甘蓝型油菜遗传连锁图谱，对含油量及皮壳率进行QTL分析。【方法】以黄籽亲本GH06和黑籽亲本P174杂交得到的F2:6家系的188个株系为作图群体，利用SRAP、SSR、AFLP及TRAP四种标记构建遗传连锁图谱，在此基础上采用复合区间作图法（CIM）对含油量及皮壳率两个性状进行QTL分析。【结果】图谱包含19个连锁群、300个标记位点，总长为1 248.5 cM。共得到7个与含油量相关的QTL，单位点遗传贡献率在3.73%～10.46%之间；4个与皮壳率相关的QTL，单位点遗传贡献率在4.89%～6.84%之间。【结论】黄籽油菜具有高含油量的优势；皮壳率对含油量有显著影响；SRAP标记具有较好的检测QTL位点的能力。     

甘蓝型油菜同一遗传背景不同颜色种子性状差异比较——皮壳率、皮壳含油量和种子含油量的比较

本文以10个甘蓝型油菜品系为材料,分析了同一遗传背景的黄籽和黑籽在皮壳率、皮壳含油量和种子含油量等3个性状上的差异。结果表明:同一遗传背景下,甘蓝型油菜黄籽比黑籽油菜皮壳率低2.88%,皮壳含油量和种子含油量分别高1.99%和0.87%,差异均达到极显著水平。     

农家红花油茶种质产量和果实性状主成分聚类分析及综合评价

为综合评价近5年农家红花油茶优株考查结果,以41株农家红花油茶为调查材料,在果实成熟时随机采摘考种调查,分析14个产量和果实性状的主成分,并作二维散点图和系统聚类分析。结果表明,第1主成分为干籽产量,贡献率61.88%;第2主成分为单果籽数与干籽率,贡献率15.22%;第3主成分为干籽率、1粒干籽重和纵横径,贡献率9.63%。根据株系性状主成分表现,选出16个优良单株,其中9株第1主成分最大,丰产性最优。在主成分二维排序分析中,能够区分优劣株系的产量和果实性状。在聚类图中,当D=0.87时可把41个株系分成4类。二维排序分析与聚类分析均能较好地为农家红花油茶改良亲本利用提供科学依据。     

博罗福田菜心空间诱变效应研究初报

利用空间诱变处理福田菜心种子的试验结果表明,其在SP2代群体中出现了广谱性变异,变异幅度大,频率高,其性状变异频率达6.7%;通过调查植株的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数,发现在株系间、单株间均有较大的差异;福田菜心在SP3代群体中出现性状变异频率相对下降,为1.7%,群体性状表现趋于稳定。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜(Brassica napus L.)自交后代子叶黄化现象及其超微结构的研究

本文首次报道了甘兰型黄籽油菜连续自交后代中的幼苗子叶黄化现象。指出:连续自交6代幼苗黄化株达96%,比该自交系原始自由授粉群体高77%。用其黄化苗植株与不发生子叶黄化的另一自交系作正、反交,F_1代几乎不发生子叶黄化。测定幼苗子叶的叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量比该自交系的原始自由授粉群体及黑籽自交系的都要低,差异极显著。黄化苗子叶叶肉细胞超微结构观察证明,叶绿体外膜不能正常凸起,致使其外形呈圆饼状,切面为棒形。叶绿体内基质片层和基粒数目减少。严重黄化苗的叶绿体结构完全被破坏。叶绿体结构的改变可能与叶绿素减少有关。通     

芥甘杂交选育甘蓝型黄籽油菜的研究

甘蓝型黄籽油菜育种是当前油菜育种的一个主要研究方向,但甘蓝型油菜中缺乏黄籽基因资源.利用芥菜型黄籽地方品种四川黄籽作为基因供体,与甘蓝型双低油菜品种进行种间杂交,在BC1F2代发现黄籽单株,经过3个世代的自交纯化,已获得高油分、双低或单低的黄籽甘蓝型油菜新种质.     

Genetic Diversity of Testa Pigments and RAPD Marker of Yellow-Seeded Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

14 yellow-seeded rapeseed lines (Brassia napus L. ) from different genetic sources were used toanalyze diversity of testa pigments content, oil and protein content, and RAPD markers. The results showedthat the anthocyanin and melanin were the most important pigments in testa and their content were responsiblefor the variation in seed color ranging from orange to black yellow, 14 yellow-seeded lines could be classifiedinto 3 groups., high anthocyanin content group with anthocyanin content over 2.54 mg g-1 DW, the seed colorwas light yellow or orange; low pigments content group with low content of anthocyanin and melanin, the testawas transparent and the seed color was light yellow, greenish yellow or twany; high melanin content groupwith melanin content over 178.4U(A290nm), the testa was black, the seed color was black yellow. Oil eantentchanged from 36.2% to 45.5%, protein content from 21.1% to 27.7%, and the correlation analysis revealedthat the oil content is highly significantly negatively correlated with the protein content. The cluster analysisshowed that the extensive genetic variation existed among 14 yellow-seeded lines by using unweighted pairedgroup method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on RAPD markers which were amplified with decamerprimers, the genetic similarity among them ranged from 0.25 to 0. 909, and 14 yellow-seeded lines could putinto 2 clusters corresponding to genome difference.     

Physiological Differences Between Yellow-Seeded and Black-Seeded Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) with Different Testa Characteristics During Artificial Ageing

Yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a new kind of breeding resources with yellow color, increased oil and protein content and less unwanted crude fiber content due to the thinner and transparent testa compared with traditional black or brown-seeded rapeseed. To analyze the longevity of the yellow-seeded rapeseed during storage, the physiological differences between the yellow and black-seeded near-isogenic lines were studied by artificial ageing method. The testa rate, anthocyanin content and melanin content of yellow-seeded rapeseeds decreased by 20.1, 25.2, and 80.4% respectively than black-seeded rapeseed. During artificial ageing, the yellow-seeded rapeseed showed significantly different effect of ageing compared with the black-seeded, as demonstrated by faster deterioration with lower germination percentage, seed vigour index, reducing sugar and soluble protein contents than the black-seeded, as well as a drastic increase in electrical conductivity, malnodialdehyde (MDA) content and a rapid decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results suggested that the transparent testa of the yellow-seeded rapeseed lost some abilities to protect the embryo against adverse environmental conditions and thus led to a poor storability.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜性状组间的典型相关分析

以7个不同遗传来源的甘蓝型黄籽品系所配制的完全双列杂交作样本．对甘蓝型黄籽油菜进行典型相关分析。结果表明,在性状组间关联上起主要作用的是株型性状中的株高、产量性状中的单株粒重、品质性状中的皮壳率和黄籽度。用多目标综合选择指数．讨论了甘蓝型黄籽油菜的选择问题。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽基因RAPD标记的初步研究

采用RAPD技术,以甘蓝型油菜近等基因系03L1(黑籽)和03L2(黄籽)为材料,对200个10nt的RAPD引物进行了筛选。有18个引物能在近等基因系间扩增出差异片段,其中6个引物在重复实验中表现出很好的重复性。这6个引物扩增出的6个特异片段可能是甘蓝型油菜黄籽基因的RAPD标记。     

我国甘蓝型黄籽油菜育种研究进展

甘蓝型（Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ）黄籽油菜育种工作,在我国已进行了２０多年。育种实践表明,其黄籽色泽遗传复杂,籽粒呈“杂黄”色,长期自交不能纯化,并不断分离出黑籽。已培育出的 黄籽品种,尚不能完全适应生产的需要。黄籽育种必须与优质育种、杂交育种、生物技术相结合,才能适应育种科技发展的需要。     

The Relationship of Color Formation with Related Enzymes and Protein Contents in the Seedcoat of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

Three pairs of near-isogenic lines with different genetic backgrounds of yellow-seeded and black-seeded rape (Brassica napus L.) were used as experiment materials to study the relationship of color formation in the seedcoat with enzyme activity and protein content in it. The results showed that with similar genetic backgrounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activities in the black-seeded lines were much higher than in their yellow-seeded counterparts and maximum PAL activity in the seedcoat occurred comparatively late while no significant difference was present in glutamine synthetase (GS) between the two types of rape. The plants were treated with red light,blue light, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (a PAL inhibitor), polyvinylpyridoxal (a PPO inhibitor),urea (a protein synthesis promoter) or chloramphenicol (CM, a plastid protein synthesis inhibitor) during seed development. It is speculated that PAL may be primarily responsible for coloration in the yellow seed; PPO may be the main factor contributing to the darkness of the testa of the black genotypes; and nitrogen assimilation is, probably, not directly related to the difference in protein content observed between yellow- and black-seeded genotypes, which may be induced mainly by PAL.     

甘蓝型油菜与野生芥菜型油菜杂交子代的遗传分析

[目的]分析甘蓝型油菜与野生芥菜型油菜杂交子代的性状遗传。[方法]选用1个甘蓝型油菜种（湘油15号,编号138）与2个野生芥菜型油菜品系（编号153和154）作为试材,进行正反杂交并获得了杂交种子。对杂种F1、F2代的发芽率、叶片大小及形状、株高、花粉育性、籽粒颜色等性状进行了分析。[结果]芥甘杂交较易获得杂交种子,F1代种子发芽率、成苗率及花粉育性均相对较高,平均株高低于双亲;而甘芥杂交较难获得杂种,且F1代自交亲和性差,结实率低,平均株高介于双亲之间;不论正反交,F1代营养生长优势和叶形母本效应明显,F2代株高出现明显分离,呈正态分布,未获得黄籽品系。[结论]为将甘芥杂交子代进一步应用于油菜遗传育种与品质改良提供了理论依据。     

除草剂Oryzalin诱变西瓜四倍体及倍性鉴定

 以两个二倍体西瓜自交系为实验材料,研究除草剂Oryzalin不同滴苗浓度（30,40,50,60mg/L）和不同处理时间（1,2,4,6d）对西瓜四倍体的诱变效果,同时进行变异植株的外部形态和气孔观察及染色体鉴定。结果表明：以50mg/L浓度,2d滴苗处理诱变效果最佳,两个材料四倍体诱变率分别达到1563%和1719%。其变异植株通过染色体计数法鉴定得出染色体数为44,确定为四倍体植株,植株表现为叶片钝圆而厚,叶色深绿,叶缘多锯齿,花瓣颜色深黄,花瓣增宽、增厚;叶片气孔密度明显减小,保卫细胞体积增大。Oryzalin对不同基因型的四倍体诱变效果具有一定差异。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽育种研究进展

综述了油菜种皮颜色的形成、种皮色泽的遗传、黄籽性状的分子标记和黄籽甘蓝型油菜选育等方面的研究进展.提出采用新的方法创造黄籽种质资源,同时加强油菜种皮色泽形成的生物合成途径的研究和分子生物学研究,把芥菜型油菜等的黄籽基因转入到农业性状伏良的甘蓝型油菜中,从而获得黄籽性状能稳定遗传的甘蓝型油菜新品种.