个体的人际信任水平对其从众倾向性的影响

高水平的人际信任能够促进人与人之间的合作,使个体获得更多的情感支持,积极应对社会压力.通过两个实验考察了人际信任水平对于信息型与规范型从众行为的影响.实验一结果显示,高人际信任水平个体在信息型决策中更容易做出从众行为;实验二结果显示,低人际信任个体在规范型决策中更容易跟从群体其他成员的选择,表现出慷慨的亲社会行为.研究结果表明,高人际信任水平个体倾向于信息型从众,低人际信任水平个体则更倾向于规范型从众.     

自我构念的个体差异对心理性应激反应的影响

心理性应激是个体内稳态受到社会心理威胁时候的状态,其反应水平可能会受到自我构念个体差异的影响.实验1通过问卷测量,结果发现个体的互依自我构念水平与日常应激水平呈显著正相关,而独立自我构念水平与日常应激水平相关不显著;实验2采用特里尔社会应激任务诱发心理性应激反应,使用文化启动范式作为缓冲策略,考察文化启动在自我构念水平与急性心理性应激反应之间的调节作用.结果发现在个人主义文化突显条件下,个体独立型自我得分越高,心理性应激水平越低.研究结果表明,高互依自我的个体会产生更高水平的应激反应;与自我构念相适应的策略可以有效缓解应激反应.     

汞离子胶体金免疫层析试纸条的研制

基于特异性识别汞离子的单克隆抗体,以胶体金标记抗体作为检测探针,样品中的汞离子和检测线上的包被抗原竞争与免疫探针结合,建立了一种快速测定水样中汞离子的胶体金免疫层析试纸条方法.在最优实验条件下,试纸条对汞离子的检出限为100μg/L,与其他金属离子没有交叉反应,样品的加标回收实验结果与酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ELISA)有很好的相关性.整个分析过程在10min内可以完成,表明该方法可以快速直接检测汞离子,不需要复杂的样品预处理过程.     

新疆喀什市克孜勒河与吐曼河浮游植物群落结构研究

为调查新疆喀什市境内克孜勒河和吐曼河水体中浮游植物群落结构,在该2条河流喀什境内的流域上分别设置了5个采样点,并对每个采样点采集到的水样进行了浮游植物物种鉴定及水体中浮游植物叶绿素a质量浓度的测定.实验结果表明:1克孜勒河和吐曼河喀什段流域水体中,硅藻藻类物种数最多,其次是绿藻和蓝藻.2本次调查中,吐曼河各采样点的水体中浮游植物叶绿素a质量浓度显著高于克孜勒河中叶绿素a质量浓度,这说明吐曼河水体中藻类生物量大于克孜勒河中的藻类生物量,其原因很有可能是吐曼河已经开始受到污染,但其污染程度还需要进一步的调查及检测.若不及时对吐曼河流域加以保护与治理,很有可能影响其浮游植物的多样性,同时水体质量也会恶化.     

基于跟踪—关联模块的多目标跟踪方法研究

多目标跟踪面临的最大挑战是身份转换问题,其由目标物体间的相互遮挡造成.针对该问题,提出一种基于跟踪模型和关联模型的多目标跟踪方法.首先在跟踪模块针对每一个跟踪个体采用粒子滤波器还原其各自轨迹片段,并计算可信因子评估遮挡程度;然后在关联模块,将人体分割为头部、躯干和腿三部分,将人的面貌分为前侧和背侧两种,利用HSV颜色直方图方法提取各部分特征描述符,利用K最近邻方法探测个体之间的匹配程度,进行再次识别以实现轨迹片段的融合.实验结果表明,同传统的方法相比,提出的算法可有效避免由于遮挡引起的身份转换问题,且目标检测准确率有较大提高,检测准确率达到90.5%.     

基于流量特征的登录账号密码暴力破解攻击检测方法

针对暴力破解通过尝试用户所有可能的账号与密码组合来远程登录他人的信息设备或系统,使网络安全面临重大风险的问题,提出一种基于流量特征的远程登录暴力破解检测方法,通过获取通信流量的统计特征,基于进程数量过滤明显的攻击行为;利用数据包特征对数据进行深度分析和再检测.实验测试结果表明,该方法能识别出针对TELNET,SSH,FTP和RDP等协议的单机或分布式暴力破解行为,并能取得不低于98%的检测准确率.     

2 种原代培养方法对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经元生物学特性的影响

为明确不同培养方法对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经元成熟时间、形态特征、纯度及活力等生物学特性的影响,采用DMEM培养基加Neurobasal无血清培养基法或Neurobasal无血清培养基法原代培养新生24h内SD大鼠大脑皮质神经元,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,MTT法检测细胞活力,免疫荧光细胞化学染色法检测神经元纯度及活性.结果显示,2种方法培养的神经元形态差异无统计学意义;但与DMEM培养基加Neurobasal无血清培养基法相比,Neurobasal无血清培养基法培养的神经元成熟更早,数目更多,纯度更高,活力更强(p0.05).结果提示,原代培养的大脑皮质神经元部分生物学特性受培养方法直接影响;Neurobasal无血清培养基法所得神经元纯度与活性较高,这为实验目的导向的神经元原代培养方法选择提供了借鉴.     

具有自我学习机制的网络谣言传播与仿真研究

将社交网络中的个体设为健康者(S)、传播者(I)、反击者(C)和免疫者(R)4种状态,根据不同状态之间的转移机制建立了SICR谣言传播模型.针对"人云亦云"的社会从众心理,引入个体的自我学习机制,基于BA无标度网络仿真分析了自我学习机制以及初始传播者、天然反击者重要性对谣言传播行为的影响.结果显示:自我学习机制能够促进谣言传播;初始传播者越重要,谣言传播范围越广、速度越快;天然反击者的重要性越高,抑制谣言传播的效果越明显.     

教学方法对大学生体质健康的影响--生命化体质健康教学法和传统教学法的比对研究

为了促进大学生体质健康,运用教学实验法和数理统计法等研究方法,对随机抽取的385名大学生进行分组实验,分析融入生命化教学理念的大学体育教学方法对大学生体质健康水平的影响情况。实验结果表明：融入生命教育理念的大学体育教学方法比传统教学方法的效果更好,能改善大学生 BMI 指数,提高大学生的肺活量、速度和耐力水平,尤其是肺活量水平提高显著,有效增强大学生的体质健康水平。     

忆阻交叉阵列模糊 PID 控制器设计及仿真

随着实时控制、信息处理和图像处理等领域对运行速度要求的逐渐提高,需要开发出一种模糊硬件电路和模糊芯片来实现快速实时的模糊推理.基于忆阻器交叉阵列结构,设计了一种新型模糊神经推理系统,为模糊推理系统的硬件实现提供了设计方案.首先通过对复杂非线性函数建模,验证了所设计的模糊推理系统的准确性,该系统不仅具有处理大量输入输出数据的能力,而且推理过程中不需要繁琐的优化算法.然后将设计的推理系统应用于模糊PID控制器中,通过实验仿真,表明该系统在模糊控制方面有广阔的应用前景.     

群际威胁与对内群体和外群体支持决策的关系研究

为了考察群际威胁与对内群体及外群体支持决策的关系,以农村和城市两个大学生群体为被试,采用准实验方法进行了两个研究,结果发现:①两个研究中,农村组大学生体验到的威胁感显著高于城市大学生;②城市大学生感受到的群际威胁、群体认同可以显著负向预测对外群体的支持,产生了外群体厌恶决策;群体认同可以显著预测对内群体的支持,产生了内群体偏好决策;③农村大学生感受到的群际威胁可以显著的负向预测对外群体的支持,产生了外群体厌恶决策.     

食品供应链企业社会责任管理分析

从食品供应链的角度探讨企业社会责任管理问题。分析了食品企业社会责任的特征和食品供应链企业社会责任的内涵。在食品供应链社会责任表现上,供应链社会责任利益共享,风险共担,但食品供应链企业社会责任界定不清,各主体缺少从整体角度考虑供应链企业社会责任问题,供应链下企业的地位和社会责任水平不同。在食品供应链环境下,企业应积极主动管理供应链社会责任,采取协同、共生的策略、风险规避策略、核心企业驱动策略和信息共享策略。食品供应链的所有成员应积极主动履行各自的供应链企业社会责任规范,不断提高整条供应链的企业社会责任水平。食品供应链中的主导企业应该从全产业链可持续发展的战略高度做好企业社会责任规划,不断规范、引导、帮助食品供应链各成员应履行的企业社会责任,驱动供应链企业社会责任的管理和发展。     

Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex

Humans restrain self-interest with moral and social values. They are the only species known to exhibit reciprocal fairness, which implies the punishment of other individuals' unfair behaviors, even if it hurts the punisher's economic self-interest. Reciprocal fairness has been demonstrated in the Ultimatum Game, where players often reject their bargaining partner's unfair offers. Despite progress in recent years, however, little is known about how the human brain limits the impact of selfish motives and implements fair behavior. Here we show that disruption of the right, but not the left, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation substantially reduces subjects' willingness to reject their partners' intentionally unfair offers, which suggests that subjects are less able to resist the economic temptation to accept these offers. Importantly, however, subjects still judge such offers as very unfair, which indicates that the right DLPFC plays a key role in the implementation of fairness-related behaviors.     

我国养老金隐性债务及其偿还途径研究

本文从界定养老金隐性债务的概念入手,首先分析了它形成的原因,即我国的养老保险从现收现付制转向部分积累制转轨时所带来的成本。然后在了解了我国养老金隐性债务严重性的基础上,探讨了其偿还途径:建立测算模型,准确测算并偿还我国养老金隐性债务;提高社会劳动生产率是解决养老金隐性债务的根本途径;开征养老保险方面的税种;调整财政支出是解决养老金隐性债务的主要途径;调整养老保险计划;变现部分国有资产弥补养老金隐性债务;改革社会保障基金的投资运营体制等。     

Revenue Sharing in Dairy Industry Supply Chain - A Case Study of Hohhot,China

Dairy industry has become an increasingly important enterprise in China as people's dietary preferences and composition have changed dramatically with rapid economic development in the past several decades. A number of problems, however, exist in China's relatively young dairy industry, including the imbalanced allocation of profits throughout the dairy supply chain. One of the root causes of the melamine infant powered milk scandal in 2008 was the unfair profit allocation mechanism in dairy supply chain. The revenue sharing contract approach has proven to be effective in generating market shares and total profits. In this study, we apply the three-stage revenue sharing contract model of Giannoccaro and Pontrandolfo (2004) in an analysis of dairy supply chain to explore its problems in profit allocation and possible solutions to them. The analysis was conducted by a case study of Hohhot, often called as “milk capital of China”. Our results show that the current profit distribution in the dairy supply chain is not balanced: the supermarket's profit>farmer's profit>manufacturer's profit. Under the revenue sharing contract setting, the dairy industry's total profit increased by 12.49%. By exploring different parameters in the revenue sharing contract model, we have found that a win-win situation can be created among all the members of the supply chain. In dairy supply chain, the ratio of the revenue reserved for the supermarket itself is equal or greater than 47% and the ratio of the revenue reserved for the manufacturer itself is between 46.4 and 50.2%. The values of the parameters that generate a sustainable or win-win situation are related to the bargaining position in the dairy supply chain. The revenue sharing contract has proven to be effective and desirable by all the dairy chain partners in dairy supply chain. The results of this study provide relevant information for improving the dairy supply chain structure and the revenue sharing contract model can be applied to other industries, sectors and regions.     

农科类研究生党支部组织生活形式创新路径的研究

高校研究生不同于本科生，他们存在科研任务重、学业压力大、年龄分布广、培养类型多以及 党员比例高等特点，且农科专业的研究生因为其专业的特殊性、科研环境的独特性和复杂性等，导致 党支部建设与组织生活的开展存在着一些亟待解决的问题。因此，积极探索创新组织生活开展的形 式和路径，以总结出适应新时代农科类研究生党支部组织生活要求的可行性方案，是高校落实立德树 人根本任务的内在要求。     

Policies designed for self-interested citizens may undermine "the moral sentiments": evidence from economic experiments

High-performance organizations and economies work on the basis not only of material interests but also of Adam Smith's "moral sentiments." Well-designed laws and public policies can harness self-interest for the common good. However, incentives that appeal to self-interest may fail when they undermine the moral values that lead people to act altruistically or in other public-spirited ways. Behavioral experiments reviewed here suggest that economic incentives may be counterproductive when they signal that selfishness is an appropriate response; constitute a learning environment through which over time people come to adopt more self-interested motivations; compromise the individual's sense of self-determination and thereby degrade intrinsic motivations; or convey a message of distrust, disrespect, and unfair intent. Many of these unintended effects of incentives occur because people act not only to acquire economic goods and services but also to constitute themselves as dignified, autonomous, and moral individuals. Good organizational and institutional design can channel the material interests for the achievement of social goals while also enhancing the contribution of the moral sentiments to the same ends.     

Serotonin modulates behavioral reactions to unfairness

Serotonin (5-HT) has long been implicated in social behavior and impulsivity, but the mechanisms through which it modulates self-control remain unclear. We observed the effects of manipulating 5-HT function on behavior in the ultimatum game, where players must decide whether to accept or reject fair or unfair monetary offers from another player. Participants with depleted 5-HT levels rejected a greater proportion of unfair offers, but not fair offers, without showing changes in mood, fairness judgment, basic reward processing, or response inhibition. Our results suggest that 5-HT plays a critical role in regulating emotion during social decision-making.     

公平视角下的林权纠纷调处——以网上一起林权纠纷案为例

通过利用公平理论分析网上一起林权纠纷案,指出对于因长期遵循"增人不增地,减人不减地"原则实行林业分户经营,由于社会经济情况变化导致收益不公平的事实,应该从过程公平着手,保证程序公平来解决纠纷,提出借鉴农地承包的"大稳定小调整"措施或利用林改配套措施保障无林村民参与利益分配的建议。     

论农村妇女的文化资本

个体文化资本的积累受家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育的影响。农村妇女文化资本的积累受家庭文化传承的文化资本底子太薄,学校教育分配的文化资本不公平以及社会教育的缺乏的影响,呈现文化能力低、文化产品少、受教育程度低的现状。