利用SSR分子标记鉴定葡萄F_1代杂种

葡萄是遗传上高度杂合的木本果树,获得真实性杂种是有效开展杂交育种及其他遗传学研究的重要基础。以玫瑰香×红地球杂交组合后代株系为材料,采用SSR分子标记对杂交后代单株进行杂种真实性鉴定,筛选出在双亲间有特异位点的SSR引物,对210株杂交后代进行了鉴定,结果表明:210株杂交后代中有183个单株具有父本和母本的特异性条带,并结合田间形态学分析,确定为真实性杂种。SSR分子标记能够简单、高效的对葡萄杂交后代进行真实性鉴定。     

甘蔗与斑茅割手密复合体的回交后代真实性鉴定及染色体遗传分析

【目的】掌握斑茅割手密复合体(简称斑割复合体)在杂交利用过程中的染色体遗传规律,为斑割复合体适宜回交利用代数提供参考依据。【方法】选用4对引物对甘蔗与斑茅割手密复合体的回交后代进行SSR标记鉴定,并利用甘蔗根尖细胞酶解去壁低渗法对真实杂种进行染色体数目观察。【结果】供试的28个杂交后代材料(15个GT05-164与GXASF108-2-28杂交BC1代,13个GT42与GXASBC112-A6-25杂交BC2代)均为真实杂种。选择在2对SSR引物中均扩增出父本特征带的后代(5个BC1代和7个BC2代)进行染色体观察,结果发现,5个BC1代的染色体数目介于95~98条,其染色体按“n+n”方式传递;7个BC2代的染色体数目介于94~101条,其染色体也按“n+n”方式传递。【结论】甘蔗与斑割复合体杂交BC1和BC2代中染色体传递方式均为“n+n”,母本甘蔗的染色体未加倍,高贵化育种进程减慢,可能需要更高的杂交代数才能获得聚集斑茅和割手密血缘的优良品种(系)。     

SSR标记鉴定绿豆F_1杂种试验

以冀绿9号、中绿10号、晋绿豆3号等6个绿豆品种作为亲本,配制6个杂交组合。通过SSR分子标记技术对亲本进行初筛,结果得到了5个条带清晰、差异明显的SSR标记引物;然后利用这5个标记对杂种F1进行鉴定,从43个F_1杂种中鉴定出26个真杂种,17个假杂种,与田间鉴定结果一致。说明通过SSR分子标记技术鉴定绿豆真假杂种可行,而且所需时间短、效率高。     

沙田柚杂交后代群体的SSR鉴定与遗传多样性分析

【目的】利用SSR标记对沙田柚杂交后代群体进行杂种鉴定和遗传多样性研究,为柑橘种质创新和遗传改良提供技术、材料和理论支持。【方法】利用SSR技术分析沙田柚两个杂交组合159株后代的杂种性质,采用UPGMA聚类分析法分析后代群体和亲本的遗传关系。【结果】4对引物可以从104株沙田柚×强德勒柚的杂交后代鉴定出103株真杂种,鉴定率达到99.04%,且在引物AGC9的扩增图谱中有70个单株出现了双亲都没有的新条带;5对引物可鉴定出沙田柚×红江橙的全部杂交后代均为真杂种,一个纯合显性标记AAT12被发现,在引物GA18和AGC9的扩增结果中出现了亲本位点的缺失;UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,两个杂交组合后代群体均出现较显著的遗传变异,两个组合的遗传多样性也有较大的差异。【结论】SSR标记适合柑橘杂种的鉴定和遗传多样性分析,杂交是获得柑橘遗传变异株系的有效途径。     

秦优10号油菜杂交种纯度的SSR标记鉴定

SSR分子标记技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型杂交品种鉴定技术,已经在玉米、黄瓜等多种作物杂种鉴定中得到了很好的应用。然而,目前尚未见SSR标记在秦优10号杂交油菜品种鉴定方面的报导。研究首先利用SSR引物在秦优10号的亲本之间进行扩增,从中筛选到2对扩增效果好、条带清晰且差异片断在亲本间能够重复出现的引物,然后利用其对秦优10号杂种进行了分子鉴定。实验和统计学结果表明,真正的杂种F1同时表现出父母本的特征条带,而假杂种只表现出母本的带型,SSR分子标记鉴定的结果与田间种植鉴定的结果有很好的一致性和相关性,说明采用SSR标记可以对秦优10号进行快速准确的鉴定。     

斑茅的杂交利用价值探讨

根据海南甘蔗育种场的多年研究资料 ,通过对甘蔗属与斑茅杂交后代的真实性进行分析 ,初步认为 :甘蔗属与斑茅属间杂交已培育出含斑茅血缘的 F1真杂种 ,至今仍未证实有含斑茅血缘的F2 真杂种或含斑茅血缘的甘蔗品种。建议进一步进行研究 ,探索能否通过常规杂交方法 ,对斑茅F1进一步加以利用。     

SSR分子标记鉴定栽培茄与野生茄杂种F_1研究

SSR分子标记技术对鉴定作物杂种真实性及茄子种间杂交研究具有重要意义。文章以16份茄子杂交材料及其亲本为试验材料,参考茄子基因组,以SSR分子标记技术为鉴定手段,鉴别茄子杂交材料真伪。结果发现2对SSR引物(emg01J09和emh21J12)可用于试验材料杂交种真实性检测,与田间鉴定结果一致。研究表明,SSR分子标记可应用于栽培茄与野生茄杂种鉴定,可及时排除假杂种,减少后期试验工作量,准确验证杂交结果。该技术对杂种后续研究及茄子品种改良具有应用价值。     

SSR分子标记在花生杂种鉴定中的应用

以24份花生材料为亲本,配制22个杂交组合,并利用40对SSR引物对24份亲本材料进行多态性筛选,运用多态性引物鉴定92个F1代杂种的真伪.结果表明,不同组合亲本间多态性差异较大,差异最大的两亲本(GT-C20-D和Tamrun OL07)的多态性引物比例为65%.SSR标记法鉴定出49个单株为真杂种;而田间表型鉴定出62个单株为真杂种,与标记鉴定结果差异较大.本研究证实利用分子标记鉴定真假杂种非常必要,且准确可行.同时,本试验证明40对SSR引物具有较高的多态性,可直接用于花生遗传多样性、杂种鉴定以及遗传图谱构建等的研究.     

斑茅杂种甘蔗BC1选育研究

以斑茅[Erianthus arundinaceus(Retzius)Jeswiet]为亲本进行甘蔗杂交育种研究。结果表明:甘蔗与斑茅杂交后代的种子发芽率低;斑茅杂种F1代具有极高的不育性;斑茅的绵心、侧芽等不良性状具有很强的传递力;经多年艰辛探索,育成的斑茅杂种甘蔗BC1品系,已得到过氧化物酶和酯酶同功酶分析鉴定的认定。     

含海南高生型斑茅血缘的甘蔗属间杂种崖城01-92回交入选品系评价

利用含有海南高生型斑茅(Erianthus.arundinaceus)血缘的属间杂种斑茅F2(斑茅BC1)崖城01-92与高糖栽培品种新台糖20号(ROC20)配置杂交,入选的67个回交杂种品系(斑茅BC2)经进一步试验结果表明,甘蔗斑茅BC2品系之间同一性状表现悬殊,个体表型分离明显;与其父、母本相比,甘蔗斑茅BC2整体农艺性状呈较优水平;与对照品种新台糖22(ROC22)相比,参试品系的公顷有效茎数、公顷蔗茎产量均有较大幅度增长;参试甘蔗斑茅BC2品系的茎锤度表现较高水平,茎锤度变幅范围20.1%-24.5%的占94.0%,个别品系的经济性状指标综合表现接近或超越ROC22,优于ROC20。     

Bt水稻的抗虫性鉴定及转基因的遗传分析

 利用Basta抗性选择技术快速检测Bt转基因水稻及杂交后代群体单株。试验表明 ,阳性单株在室内和田间有良好的抗螟虫性能 ;在杂交后代中抗除草剂bar基因和目的基因cryIA(b)紧密连锁与协同表达 ;外源基因在F2和BC1群体中遵循孟德尔分离规律 ;应用杂交、回交育种方法将抗虫基因转育到推广品种中是可行的。本研究为进一步选育双价抗虫和抗除草剂水稻新品种奠定了基础     

Identification of Bt-transgenic Rice Plants for Resistance to Stripe Stem Borer (Chilo suppressalis) and Genetic Analysis of the Transgenes

Resistance to herbicide Basta was used to identify Bt-transgenic rice plants and the progenies of crosses between the Bt-transgenic rice and the rice varieties cultivated in the Huang Huai area of China. The results demonstrated that the Basta-positive rice plants were highly resistant to stripe stem borer (Chilo suppressalis ) both in the laboratory and field tests. Both cryIA (b) and bar genes were expressed and co-inherited in both selfing and crossing progenies. Mendelian segregation of the marker gene bar was observed in F2 and BC1 progenies. The results implicates that it is possible to transfer cryIA (b) gene into other cultivated varieties through crosses and back crosses.     

Development of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Primers for the Detection of Resistance to Sporisorium reiliana in Maize

Head smut of maize (Zea mays L.), which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one (BC3Q) derived from the cross Qi319 (resistance)x Huangzao 4 (susceptible),the other (BC3M) from Mol 7 (resistance)x Huangzao 4 (susceptible), were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA (bulked segregant analysis) with AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. Reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of P13M61-152 was converted into SCAR (sequence charactered amplified fragment) marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. Reiliana resistance.Furthermore, S130 was highly associated with resistance to S. Reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection and facilitate map-based cloning of resistance genes.     

两个小麦生产品种抗白粉病遗传分析

以感病品种豫麦49作母本,抗病品种周麦12和藁麦8901作父本配制杂交组合,获得杂种F1代,F1代植株自交获得F2代种子,F1代植株与豫麦49回交获得BC1代种子。在人工控制条件下,用河南省小麦白粉病菌GY01单孢菌系,分别对F1、F2、BC1代及其亲本的幼苗进行人工接种,研究它们的抗性表现和杂交后代中抗白粉病的分离情况。结果表明,周麦12对GY01的抗性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制;藁麦8901对GY01的抗性由1对显性基因控制。     

Development of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） Primers for the Detection of Resistance to Sporisorium reiliana in Maize

Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one （BC3Q） derived from the cross Qi319 （resistance）×Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, the other （BC3M） from Mol7 （resistance）× Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA （bulked segregant analysis） with AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of PI3M61-152 was converted into SCAR （sequence charactered amplified fragment） marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. reiliana resistance. Furthermore, S130 was highly and facilitate map-based cloni associated with resistance to S. reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection ng of resistance genes.     

海岛棉染色体片段代换系BC_4F_4产量及纤维品质主成分分析

利用生产上大面积推广种植的陆地棉中221和品质优良的海岛棉栽培品系海1杂交,并与陆地棉中221回交再连续自交,结合SSR分子标记技术建立一套具有陆地棉背景并渐渗有海岛棉基因的染色体片段代换系。试验对BC4F4株行的产量及纤维品质相关性状进行表型主成分分析,结果表明:其产量性状间、纤维品质性状间存在难以调和的矛盾,产量性状与品质相关性状之间的遗传相关通过铃重与棉纤维长度的关系体现出来。     

水稻种质资源回交后代耐盐基因的鉴定与筛选研究

以超优一号为轮回亲本,以其与36个供体的不同回交后代(BC2F2、BC2F3)群体为材料,进行耐盐鉴定与筛选研究。结果表明,虽然这些亲本本身对盐碱不具备很好的耐性,但所有回交后代均出现耐盐的超亲分离,说明这些供体均带有耐盐基因,且这种有利"隐蔽基因"供体之间的差异很大。从总体上看,BC2F2耐盐性选择效率显著高于BC2F3,不同供体之间也存在着明显的差异。     

籼型红米具有的恢复性及其基因定位(英文)

[Objective] This study was to investigate the restoring ability of normal indica red rice Ruby and to carry out its restoring gene mapping. [Method] Normal indica red rice Ruby was hybridized with the sterile lines Zhenxian 97A, D62A, G46A and D702A to prepare their F1, BC1 and F2 progenies, and the pollen fertilities of these progenies were investigated. Meanwhile the restoring genes were mapped using SSLP. [Result] For the sterile lines tested, Ruby has a gene to restore their fertilities. This gene is located on the chromosome 7 and shows a genetic distance of 7.4 cM with RM182. Unlike the clustering distribution of the restoring genes on chromosome 10, it is a specific restoring gene. [Conclusion] It is feasible to breed restoring genes controlling red color characters via transgene and backcross.     

杉木无性系开花物候对种子园种子遗传组成影响的数量分析

根据１９８９～１９９３年贵州黎平东风林场杉木种子园无性系开花物候数据，评价了种子园无性系开花同步水平，探讨了开花物候对种子园配子贡献、自交率和子代基因型值的影响，提出了根据开花结实习性综合估算基因型值的基本模型。