微生态制剂在鸵鸟育雏中的应用

为了减少雏鸵鸟的发病率、提高成活率和饲草利用率,在2004-2006年不同季节以3批分别70、140和70只商品雏鸵鸟为试验动物,研究在饲料中添加EM液(试验Ⅰ)和益生素(试验Ⅱ)对其生产性能的影响。结果表明,试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ发病率比对照组低24.07±10.70和15±7.23(P0.01);死亡率比对照组分别低3.81±0.67和2.62±0.55(P0.05),草料消耗分别比对照组低(8.35±0.86)kg/d和(1.11±0.12)kg/d(P0.05);日增体质量分别比对照组提高(26.04±5.70)g和(23.16±4.58)g(P0.01),制剂和药费上每只鸵鸟分别比对照组节约93和76元。使用添加EM制剂的饲料饲喂雏鸵鸟效果非常明显,是目前养殖业上比较好的微生态制剂。     

JGF复合酶在鸵鸟育雏中的应用

为了提高雏鸵鸟饲料利用率、成活率,对陕西英考鸵鸟股份有限公司杨凌鸵鸟示范中心130只1日龄雏鸟进行随机分栏,每栏65只,在相同的饲养模式下,对照组使用英考雏鸵鸟专用饲料,试验组在对照组的基础上添加3%复合酶制剂进行为期60 d饲养对比试验,统计分析15日龄、30日龄、45日龄、60日龄4个阶段雏鸵鸟日增重、成活率、料肉比、舍内环境。结果表明:①增重效果第一个阶段差异不显著(P>0.5),第二、第三、第四阶段差异极显著(P<0.01);②成活率第一、第三、第四阶段差异显著(P<0.5),第二个阶段差异极显著(P<0.01);③料肉比第一个阶段差异不显著(P>0.5),第二、第三阶段差异极显著(P<0.01),第四个阶段差异显著(P<0.5);④舍内环境4个阶段差异极显著(P<0.01)。综合分析表明:使用JGF酶制剂饲料饲喂雏鸵鸟要比雏鸵鸟饲料效果好。     

添加四种益生素对羔羊生长性能的影响

试验首次选择乳酸菌制剂、芽孢杆菌制剂、酵母菌制剂、EM制剂等四种微生态制剂,并将每一种制剂细分为三个不同的浓度水平与对照组进行比较,以观察不同类型微生态制剂及其不同浓度水平对3月龄杂交羔羊育肥效果的影响.采用单因子试验设计,104只羔羊被随机分为13个组(1到12为试验组,13为对照组).结果表明:四种微生态制剂与对照组的羔羊日增重差异均显著(P<0.05);四种微生态制剂间,羔羊日增重只有乳酸菌制剂组与芽孢杆菌制剂组差异显著(P<0.05),平均值最高达到252.31 g/d;在不同的浓度水平上,试验4、5、8、10组均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),而同一制剂不同浓度组间差异不显著,最高的日增重水平来自EM制剂(试验10组)达到266.67 g/d.在饲料报酬上,乳酸菌制剂分别与芽孢杆菌制剂和EM制剂差异显著(P<0.05),最好的水平为试验5和8组都比对照组提高了22.9;.     

微生态制剂对肉仔鸡盲肠菌群变化的影响研究

通过添加不同剂量的微生态制剂,来确定生产实践中的最适添加水平。选用1日龄90只肉仔鸡,随机分成3组(对照组和Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个试验组),每组30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在基础日粮中分别添加1.5 mL·kg~(-1)、1.0mL·kg~(-1)微生态制剂,试验期49 d。结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组盲肠中乳酸杆菌的菌群数量均高于对照组(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量均低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。平均日耗料量和料肉比试验组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),表明微生态制剂能够调节肉仔鸡盲肠主要微生态菌群,提高机体免疫能力和生长性能。     

日粮添加微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及其圈舍环境质量的影响

试验选用EM生态制剂和复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能及其圈舍环境质量的影响效果进行比较研究,探讨复合微生态制剂的应用效果。试验结果表明：试验Ⅰ组增重比对照组高9.8%,P〈0.05）,差异显著,试验Ⅱ组增重比对照组高5.7%,差异不显著;试验Ⅰ组饲料报酬（料重比）比对照组高0.95%,试验Ⅱ组对照组高1.92%,P〈0.05,差异显著;各组试验肉鸡活体重、屠体重、全净膛、屠宰率等屠宰指标与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）。三处理组鸡血Ca、P、葡萄糖（GLU）、胆固醇（CHOL）、总蛋白（TP）、天冬酸转氨酶（AST）的含量差异不显著。试验Ⅰ组圈舍NH3浓度比对照组圈舍低NH3浓度130%,P〈0.01,差异极显著;试验Ⅱ组圈舍NH3浓度比对照组低28.3%,P〈0.05;试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组圈舍内H2S含量分别比对照组降低106.9%、71.4%,P〈0.05。试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组均可降低圈舍内CO2浓度,但差异不显著。     

微生态制剂饲料饲喂肉羊效果研究

为了探讨微生态制剂饲料对内羊的育肥效果,随机选取90只陕北白绒山羊作为试验动物,分3个组,每组30只,进行为期60d的育肥试验.3个组精饲料由羊场统一提供.粗饲料:对照组饲喂干玉米秸秆,试验Ⅰ组饲喂青贮玉米秸秆,试验Ⅱ组饲喂添加0.4％ EM(有效微生物菌群)菌液的干玉米秸秆.结果表明:经过60d的饲养,试验Ⅱ组羊体质...     

益生菌·低聚木糖制剂对仔猪生长性能和黄白痢的预防效果

选用2胎龄斯格母猪20头,随机分成5个处理,每处理4次重复,仔猪出生3 d内吃乳前饲喂1 mL液态微生态制剂,诱食后在基础日粮中分别添加0.1% 微胶囊(Ⅰ)、0.05% 低聚木糖(Ⅱ)、0.1% 微胶囊和0.05% 低聚木糖(Ⅲ)、0.1% 菌粉和0.05% 低聚木糖(Ⅳ)及对照组(Ⅴ),观察其对仔猪生长性能、黄白痢发生率和死亡率的影响.结果表明:7日龄内饲喂菌液对体质量增加无明显影响(P>0.05),黄白痢发生率与对照组差异不显著,但仔猪死亡率明显低于对照组(P<0.01).8～28日龄Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ组仔猪体质量增加差异显著(P<0.05),所有试验组与对照组黄白痢发生率差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组黄白痢发生率差异极显著(P<0.01);29～40日龄Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组仔猪体质量增加差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅲ组仔猪黄白痢发生率与其他试验组和对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组与Ⅴ组差异显著(P<0.05).     

现代生态肉鸽养殖模式的效果研究

本试验旨在研究现代生态肉鸽养殖模式的效果。选择720日龄,健康、活力强、体重相近、产蛋正常的美国王鸽为试验对象;传统人工养殖为对照组、全自动化养殖为试验Ⅰ组,全自动化+“微生物”养殖为试验Ⅱ组,预试期7d,试验期300d。结果表明:试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组的日均产蛋率分别比对照组提高了50.79%和62.70%,相比较差异极显著(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组的孵化率比对照组分别提高了11.18%和11.25%,相比较差异显著(P<0.05);蛋受精率、雏鸽存活率相比较异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组乳鸽平均日增重与对照组相比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组的乳鸽平均日增重与对照组相比较,差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组的鸽舍NH3含量分别比对照组降低了12.48%和30.81%,相比较差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组的鸽舍H2S含量与对照组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组的鸽舍H2S含量与对照组相比较差异极显著(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组每对种鸽年均产值分别比对照组显著提高了46.32%和52.48%(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组每只乳鸽(含亲鸽)饲养成本分别比对照组CK显著降低了29.47%和31.90%(P<0.05)。表明:全自动化+“微生物”现代生态养殖可以提高肉鸽生产性能、改善养殖环境、提高效率、降低成本和提高经济效益。     

苹果渣对奶山羊羔羊生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究苹果渣饲料对奶山羊羔羊生长性能指标的影响。选择40只体重相近的关中奶山羊羔羊,随机分成4组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础精饲料,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和实验Ⅲ组分别用10%、20%、和30%的苹果渣饲料代替基础精饲料。试验期60 d。试验羊只自由饮水,自由采食青干草。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组的宰前活重比对照组、实验Ⅲ组分别高3.74%、5.83%(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组之间的宰前活重差异不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重比对照组、试验Ⅰ组、实验Ⅲ组分别高9.23%、8.28%、7.96%(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的平均日采食量比对照组、试验Ⅰ组、实验Ⅲ组分别高20.11%、17.22%、18.72%(P0.05);各组之间的料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。说明关中奶山羊基础精料替换为20%的苹果渣饲料效果最好。     

微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在探讨基础日粮中添加微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选用21日龄、体重约6.2 kg健康断奶仔猪240头,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪,试验期为14 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+微生态制剂1产品0.3 g·kg-1,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+微生态制剂2产品1.0 g·kg-1,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+微生态制剂3产品1.0 g·kg-1,试验Ⅳ组饲喂基础日粮+微生态制剂4产品0.8 g·kg-1,试验Ⅴ组饲喂基础日粮+微生态制剂5产品1.0 g·kg-1。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组仔猪增重降低17.24%,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别提高18.77%、15.33%、16.86%、11.88%,差异均不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组平均日采食量降低10.58%,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别提高4.49%、12.00%、15.32%、7.85%,差异均不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组平均日增重降低17.02%,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别提高10.68%、15.29%、17.08%、11.98%,差异均不显著(P0.05);试验I组料肉比增加7.5%,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别降低5.83%、1.67%、1.67%、4.17%,差异均不显著(P0.05);试验组腹泻率与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,在断奶仔猪基础日粮中添加微生态制剂,有提高断奶仔猪生长性能的趋势。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。