枸杞nrDNA ITS测序鉴定的初步研究（英文）

[Objective] The study aimed to identify wolfberry(Lycium Linn.)germplasm resources at molecular level by analyzing the nrDNA ITS sequence.[Method] Genomic DNA from wolfberry leaves extracted by modified CTAB method were regarded as templates for PCR amplification by specific primer,clone and sequencing.[Result] The nrDNA ITS sequences were obtained and then differentiated among three tested materials.[Conclusion] PCR amplification and sequencing on nrDNA ITS is a feasible approach to identify different wolfberry germplasm resources.     

基于nrDNA ITS序列的18份宁夏枸杞资源的遗传多样性(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of eighteen Lycium barbarum resources via nrDNA ITS sequencing. [Method] The genomic DNAs from Lycium barbarum leaves were isolated by modified CTAB method for PCR amplification on the nrDNA ITS region using specifically synthesized primers; the amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced, then the sequencing results were clustered. [Result] nrDNA ITS sequences of the tested eighteen Lycium barbarum were firstly obtained in the present study. For all eighteen tested materials, the variation range of whole ITS region was 559-634 bp, with an average of 612 bp; alignment analyses showed that the whole length of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1+ITS2) was 480 bp, within which there are 194 variation sites (accounting for 40.4%) and 286 conserved sites (accounting for 59.6%). The cluster results showed that the eighteen tested materials could be grouped into three classes. [Conclusion] Analysis of nrDNA ITS sequence may avail to identify the Lycium barbarum germplasm resources.     

西川红景天nrDNA ITS序列初步研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to analyze the ITS sequences of nrDNA from Rhodiola alisa and investigate the difference of evolution rate between nrDNA and trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA(chloroplast DNA).[Method]Total DNA was extracted from silica-dried leaves of R.alsia by using modified CTAB method.With the extracted DNA sample as template,nrDNA ITS region was amplified,then purified and sequenced.In addition,the yielded ITS sequences were also compared with the known trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of cpDNA from R.alsia.[Result]The ITS sequence of nrDNA from R.alsia was 701 bp in length,of which 13 variable sites were found with a percentage of 1.85%.Of the 13 variable sites,8 were caused by point mutations,5 were the results of insertions or deletions.The(A+T)content and(G+C)content were 46.9% and 53.1%,respectively.The nucleotide diversity(π)was 0.004 27.[Conclusion]The ITS region of nrDNA from R.alsia was more conservative and evolved more slowly than the trnS-trnG and rpl20-rps12 sequences of its cpDNA.     

我国部分区域链格孢属rDNA ITS区序列分析(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to identify Alternaria Nees. from some areas of China at molecular level by analyzing the rDNA ITS sequence.[Method] The DNA sequences coding for the 5.8S rDNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were amplified by PCR with universal primers ITS4 and ITS5 and subsequently sequenced for 34 Alternaria isolates from different areas of China.[Result] Sequences analysis showed that 5.8S rDNA was 159 bp and no variation in tested 34 isolates. There had variables sites in ITS. The isolates that had same sequences as A.tenuissima or A.alternata all put up eurytopicity to area and host. The variables sites of the isolates showed the diversity of Alternaria in the hosts of Oleaceae, Rosaceae and Solanaceae. At the same time that ITS could not clearly separated the isolates was indicated. The results indicated that the phylogenetic relationship were not closely related to the geographical origin and hosts of these isolates.[Conclusion] The sequence analysis of ITS region could provide theory basis for the identification of Alternaria Nees..     

Identification of Powdery Mildew Pathogen and Ribosomal DNA-ITS Sequence Analysis on Melon

Identification of powdery mildew pathogens on melon（Cucumis melo） is important for melon breeding and diseaseresistant germplasm selection. In this study, a powdery mildew pathogen that infected melon plants in Heilongjiang Province, China, was investigated in terms of host identification, morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were observed at five phases in the life cycle： germinating conidia, primary germ tube, hyphae, conidiophores, and colonization. The conidia were elliptical, colorless, catenulate, and the average length was 29.07 μm and average width was 17.82 μm. One ascus and eight ascospores were produced. DNA was extracted from 0.01 g conidiophores from a strain of powdery mildew pathogen that infected melon. ITS ribosomal DNA region（524 bp） was amplified with the universal ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The nucleotide sequence showed 100% similarity with ITS sequences for three Podosphaera fusca strains obtained from the GenBank database. The identity of the pathogen was confirmed as Sphaerotheca fuliginea. International standard differential hosts were used to identify S. fuliginea strain as 2F race. These results supported the notion that Podosphaera fusca was a synonym of S. fuliginea.     

南天竹栽培性状研究(英文)

[Objective] This study was to systematically investigate the cultivated characters of Nandina domestica and to lay a foundation for breeding, cultivating, as well as its application in landscape. [Method] Using N.domestica populations from 13 different areas of Hunan Province as tested samples, the cultivated characters of N.domestica in both the cultivated type and wild type were systematically studied through field experiment and comparative analysis. [Resul] The phenological features of N.domestica from different areas and germplasm resources were basically identical; the growth patterns of cultivated type and wild type were also basically identical, but the cultivated type grew faster than the wild type; both the two types grew quickly at young stage, and either the annual growth of new shoots or the growth pattern of leaves confirmed the fitting curve of the Logistic equation. [Conclusion] This research provided basis for the exploitation and utilization the germplasm resources of N.domestica.     

黄淮麦区小麦资源中高温抗条锈性品种的筛选(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to screen wheat cultivars with high temperature resistance to stripe rust from the wheat resources in Huanghuai growth area. [Method] Seedlings of 165 wheat cultivars from Huanghuai growth area were identified by wheat stripe rust under high temperature; then the wheat cultivars showing stripe rust at seedling stage were further used to identify the same resistance in field. [Results] 13 cultivars were proved to be stripe rust resistant under high temperature, and the expression stages of stripe rust in the 13 cultivars were revealed. The field identification results confirmed the identification results at seedling stage via inoculation of mixed stripe rust of physiological races. The stripe resistances of wheat cultivars were also proved to be non-race-specific. [Conclusion] Wheat resources in Huanghuai growth area are abundant in wheat cultivars with high temperature resistance to stripe rust.     

利用ISSR分子标记分析44份红麻种质资源的遗传多样性(英文)

[Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) resources from different origins, thus providing basis for genetic improvement and molecular marker-assisted breeding of kenaf. [Method] Ninety one ISSR molecular markers were used for amplification on 44 shares of kenaf germplasm resources, of which 21 showing good diversity and clear bands were chosen for PCR amplification. Based on amplification results, the genetic similarity coefficients among kenaf germplasm resources were calculated by using analytic software NTSYSpc-2.10e, and phylogenetic tree was then established via UPGMA. [Result] Totally 169 bands were amplified using the 21 screened primers, averagely 8.05 bands were amplified from each primer. Of them, 141 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 83.4%. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.887 was used as criterion L1, these 44 shares of kenaf germplasm could be classified to be 32 shares of cultivars and 12 shares of wild type or half-wild type varieties. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.897 was used as criterion L2, these 32 shares of cultivars could be further grouped into four sub-clusters. The genetic diversities between cultivars and wild type or half-wild type varieties were between 0.46-0.91, showing huge hereditary difference; while that among 32 cultivars were between 0.85-0.97, suggesting that genetic relationships among cultivars are relatively close and their genetic similarities are rather narrow. [Conclusion] ISSR could well determine the genetic similarities among kenaf germplasm resources and provide valuable molecular information for selecting parents of hybrid cross, which can lay a good foundation for DNA mapping of kenaf germplasm resources.     

稻种资源低温贮藏生活力跟踪监测与种质更新（英文）

53 rice germplasm resources warehoused during 1981-1984 were regarded as materials to monitor the viability at warehouse time and different years after warehoused.The results showed that seed germination rates of different rice germplasm resources assumed descending trend in storage,with annual decreasing rate between 0.12%-3.05%;the seed germination rates of most cultivars were above 75% after stored for 26 years;forecasting analysis based on the germination rate of 75% as reference showed a huge difference of safe storage life for different rice germplasm resources,ranging from 12 to 50 years,even longer time.The results suggest that track monitoring on viability and regeneration of rice cultivars is of great importance for germplasm resources conservation.     

ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Local Varieties of Chinese Hu mulberry（Morus L.）

[Objective] The aim was to study on the genetic diversity of local varieties of Chinese Hu mulberry （Morus L.）. [Method] The genetic diversity of 141 copies of Hu mulberry varieties was analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. [Result] 12 ISSR primers had amplified a total of 90 amplified,of which 57 bands were polymorphic,and the polymorphic rate was 63.33%. The genetic similarity coefficients of 141 Hu mulberry germplasm resources varied from 0.633 3 to 1.000 0 with the average of 0.483 35,indicating that there was difference on genetic diversity among different varieties of Hu mulberries. A dendrogram of all 141 Hu mulberry varieties based on the genetic similarity coefficients using ISSR molecular markers was generated by UPGMA cluster method. Clustering of the 141 Hu mulberry varieties did not correspond with the conventional classification involving differences in style,leaf,branch,fruit and other morphological or agronomical characters. [Conclusion] Four subgroups clearly represented the genetic relationships in the 141 accessions which were benefit for the variety improvement and germplasm resource conservation.     

Tagging Salt Tolerant Gene Using PCR Markers in Soybean

The purpose of this study was to screen and identify PCR markers associated with salt tolerant gene in soybean( Glycine soja L. ) so that salt tolerance can be identified efficiently and accurately. Between these tolerant and sensitivity to salt and three crosses were tested in this experiment. By BSA method, two codominant PCR markers were identified through the salt tolerant (sensitive) cuitivars bulks and the salt tolerant (sensitive) individual bulks of a F2 population. There was a 600bp band in the sensitive individuals and a 700bp band or two 700bp/600bp bands in the tolerant individuals. The markers were closely linked with salt tolerant/sensitive alleles. Moreover the markers were tested in the other two F2 populations from “salt tolerant cultivar × sensitive cuitivar“ and confirmed by 12 salt tolerance cultivars and 13 salt sensitive cultivars with different genetic background. It indicated that the markers (700bp and 600bp) could be applied in salt tolerant identification of the soybean germplasm resources, and markers-assisted selection in salt tolerant breeding of soybean. The markers, its obtained method and application were patented for invention in 1998.     

Index Design and Comprehensive Evaluation of Germplasm Resources of Fruits Based on Mathematical Model of AHP and FCE:Sterculia nobilis Smith as a Case

The mathematical model of analytic hierarchy process (AHP)—fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) was applied to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm resources of Sterculia nobilis Smith,and the scientific nature and reliability of the mathematical model was verified by calculating index weights and comprehensive evaluation scores.In this paper,11 indicators were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation system from four dimensions of yields,resistances,contents of main inclusions in seeds and tree shapes.AHP method was applied to calculate the index weight of each dimension,after passing the consistency test,FCE method was applied to comprehensively evaluate germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.The index weights of the yields,resistances,contents of major inclusions in seeds and tree shapes were 0.5518,0.2554,0.1279 and 0.0649,respectively.The yield had the greatest influence on the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith,which was in line with the actual production demand of S.nobilis Smith as a food crop.However,resistances and contents of major inclusions in seeds had limited influence on it,while tree shapes had the least influence on it.After fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the final evaluation score was 88.00,the corresponding evaluation score was between 4 and 5,and the evaluation results ranged from slight good to good,which indicated that the evaluation weights corresponding to the four dimensions were more scientific and reasonable.In this study,the mathematical model of AHP-FCE was used to establish and evaluate the comprehensive evaluation system of the germplasm resources of S.nobilis Smith.According to the values of index weights and the evaluation results,it showed that the mathematical model was scientific and reliable,and it could provide a new reference method for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources of other fruits.     

地黄肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与序列分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clone and analyze the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Method] Degenerate primers were designed according to the conserved regions of actin sequences of Rehmannia glutinosa and its similar species,RT-PCR was next conducted to amplify the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Result] The amplified fragment is 724 bp and correspondingly 240 amino acids. The BLAST results indicate that the homology between the amplified fragment and other higher plants for actin gene sequences and amino acid are more than 80% and 90%,respectively,suggesting that the amplified fragment is the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa. [Conclusion] Phylogenetic analysis shows that the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa has an intimate genetic relationship with actin7 gene of Nicotiana tabacum.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Actin Gene from Rehmannia glutinosa

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clone and analyze the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Method] Degenerate primers were designed according to the conserved regions of actin sequences of Rehmannia glutinosa and its similar species,RT-PCR was next conducted to amplify the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Result] The amplified fragment is 724 bp and correspondingly 240 amino acids. The BLAST results indicate that the homology between the amplified fragment and other higher plants for actin gene sequences and amino acid are more than 80% and 90%,respectively,suggesting that the amplified fragment is the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa. [Conclusion] Phylogenetic analysis shows that the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa has an intimate genetic relationship with actin7 gene of Nicotiana tabacum.     

绿头鸭线粒体ND2基因全序列测定及其研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was to analyze the phylogenesis of Anas platyrhynchos. [Method] Complete sequence of mitochondrial ND2 gene of 4 Anas platyrhynchos was determined by direct DNA sequencing based on PCR products. Combined with ND2 gene sequences of the Anas Linnaeus accessed in GenBank, phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. [Result] The ND2 gene sequences of 4 Anas platyrhynchos were identical(1 041 bp in length; the nucleotide contents of A, G, T, and C were 28.91%, 13.35%, 20.75% and 36.98% respectively; A+T content approximated to that of C+G). Sequences of ND2 gene of mallard were same as spotbill duck, and had high homology with others. The phylogenetic trees indicated mallard and spotbilled duck were close in genetic relationship, both shared a haplotype; then Philippine duck, green-winged teal and northern pintail fell into branch 'A". [Conclusion] The domestic duck may be domesticated from mallard and spotbilled duck.     

Initial Study on the Antibacterial Action of Mentha spicata Linn Extract in Vitro

[Objective] The research aimed to study the antibacterial action of Mentha spicata Linn extract in vitro.[Method] The cylinder-plate method was used to measure the inhibitory zone size of Mentha spicata Linn extract.The test-tube double dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）of Mentha spicata Linn extract on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria,which could determine the antibacterial effect.[Result] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the different antibacterial effects on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria.Especially the inhibition effect on the pig staphylococcus was comparatively obvious.MIC of Mentha spicata Linn decoction I,alcohol extract III,volatile oil V and volatile oil VI were respectively 31.25,62.5,2.32 and 2.31 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the certain antibacterial effect in vitro,and the extracts which were gained by the different extraction methods had the different inhibition effects on the experimental bacteria.     

Energy Productivity Potential Assessment of Saccharum spontaneum L.Germplasm Resources

[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.     

红厚壳光合特性研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to research the photosynthetic characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and the relations between Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. and ecological factors.[Method] The portable photosynthesis system(Li-6400) was used to determine photosynthetic characteristics of 6-year-old Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.[Result] Both the leaf net photosynthetic rate change and diurnal variation of transpiration rate were single peak type.The relations among the leaf net photosynthetic rate of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and photosynthetically active radiation,CO2 concentration and other relevant ecological factors(including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, difference of vapour pressure and leaf temperature) were two quadratic linear relations.[Conclusion] Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. preferred strong light irradiation and high temperature environment and the experiment has provided foundations for ecological and commercial cultivations.