豇豆荚螟雌蛾交配规律的研究

研究了豇豆荚螟雌蛾在自然条件下的交配规律。结果表明:该虫成虫雌蛾羽化后2日龄开始出现求偶行为和交配活动,羽化后第4到第5天及暗期8~9 h达到求偶和交配高峰期,该虫雌蛾一生交配1~2次。     

荔枝蒂蛀虫羽化及交配行为研究

[目的]研究荔枝蒂蛀虫羽化规律及其交配行为。[方法]在室内观察荔枝蒂蛀虫的羽化规律、成虫交配行为。[结果]荔枝蒂蛀虫雌、雄茧蛹集中在进入暗期6h后的时间段内羽化,进入暗期2h为羽化高峰;荔枝蒂蛀虫茧蛹第6～9天为羽化高峰期,雌雄性比接近1：1。暗期8h后为荔枝蒂蛀虫的交配高峰期。荔枝蒂蛀虫雌蛾羽化当天不进行交配,2～8日龄雌蛾均可交配．2、3日龄雌蛾进入交配高峰期;1～15日龄雄蛾均可交配,2-5日龄雄蛾进入交配高峰期。[结论]该研究摸清了荔枝蒂蛀虫羽化规律及其交配行为。     

亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律

为了探究亚洲型舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar asiatica)的羽化和生殖昼夜节律,在自然光周期和温湿度条件下对亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交配及产卵行为进行了观察,并利用触角电位反应测定了处女雌蛾性信息素的合成量与日龄之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲型舞毒蛾雌蛾在化蛹后11 d,雄蛾在化蛹后12 d分别出现羽化高峰;雌雄蛾的羽化行为均发生在光期前2 h(02:00)至暗期3 h(21:00),雄蛾羽化高峰期为光期6 h(09:00),较雌蛾(11:00)提前2 h。雌蛾羽化约2 h后开始求偶,1日龄雌蛾的求偶率随时间的推移逐渐上升,而其他日龄的雌蛾仅在光周期开始后的1 h内求偶率降至当日最低(75%),其余时间达到或接近100%;2日龄雌蛾体内的性信息素合成量最高,以后逐日下降。成虫羽化当日即可交尾,室内交尾高峰期发生在光期11 h(14:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期6 h(00:00)。产卵高峰期发生在光期3 h(06:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期2 h(20:00)。综上可见,亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化和生殖行为存在明显的昼夜节律。     

沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的生物学特性

沙柳木蠹蛾(Holcocerus arenicola staudinger)是为害沙柳(Salix psammophila)根部的一种钻蛀性害虫。通过对沙柳木蠹蛾羽化行为、性比和寿命的调查,对各日龄雌蛾求偶和交尾发生时间的统计分析,明确了沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的动态节律。结果表明:沙柳木蠹蛾在19:00～21:00羽化最为集中;雌雄性比平均为0.66∶1;成虫平均寿命4.8±2.2d,其中雌蛾的寿命稍高于雄蛾。雌蛾在进入暗期1～2h内求偶行为明显,最大求偶百分率出现在羽化后的第二晚。1日龄成虫的交配高峰在暗周期的前2h,而2～4日龄成虫的交配高峰是在暗期的1h内;交配持续的平均时间为38.41±11.42min。随着蛾龄的增大,雌虫的求偶和交配行为发生的时间提前。沙柳木蠹蛾的性活动高峰出现在羽化后连续3个暗周期的前半段,可作为利用性信息素防治沙柳木蠹蛾最佳时段的参考依据。     

栎黄枯叶蛾成虫交配行为特征及性趋向

[目的]利用性信息素防治栎黄枯叶蛾。[方法]在野外对栎黄枯叶蛾交配行为进行了观察,并利用田间诱蛾试验验证了栎黄枯叶蛾的性趋向。[结果]交配行为试验表明:栎黄枯叶蛾的求偶与交配行为均发生在凌晨2:00—5:00,交尾高峰出现在凌晨3:00—4:00;羽化后的成虫在1~5日龄都具有交配能力,2日龄成虫交尾能力最强;栎黄枯叶蛾雄蛾能多次交尾,雌蛾仅1次;1日龄的处女雌蛾交尾时间较短,随雌蛾日龄增加,其交配持续时间逐渐加长,开始交配的时间提前;性趋向实验表明:栎黄枯叶蛾种内个体间引诱作用为雌蛾引诱雄蛾,分泌与释放性信息素的腺体位于雌虫腹部末端,同性间不存在引诱聚集行为;性诱试验发现:2~3日龄未交配雌蛾诱蛾量最高,显著高于其它日龄。[结论]依据研究结果,认为该虫符合利用性信息素防治虫害的基本要求,可利用性信息素对其进行防控。     

麻楝蛀斑螟成虫的羽化节律及生殖行为

在温度（25±1）℃,光暗周期L：D=14：10（光期06：00开始,20：00结束）,相对湿度RH=75％-80％的条件下,观察了麻楝蛀斑螟成虫的羽化与生殖行为．结果表明：成虫羽化率85．4％,羽化期25d左右;羽化行为主要出现在暗期,日羽化高峰在20：00-23：00,占总羽化量的80．7％;雌、雄比例0．83：1．羽化后第2天达到性成熟,当天羽化的成虫未发生交配;交配发生在进入暗期5-8h,交配持续时间50—200min;随着日龄的增大,交配率降低,交配持续时间增长;交配后第2天开始产卵;雌、雄虫均未发现2次交配现象．交配雌虫平均产卵104粒,卵期7d左右,孵化率84．3％;未交配雌虫平均产卵157粒,孵化率0．交配雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为3．73和2．93d,未交配雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为5．87和5．03d．     

棉铃虫雄性信息素的研究Ⅰ．与雄蛾味刷有关的交配行为的观察

与雄性信息素有关的棉铃虫的交配行为可分为雌蛾求偶、雄蛾反应、接近雌蛾、打开味刷以及交配成功等阶段，雌、雄蛾单独放置，雌蛾求偶行为正常进行；雄蛾的前期交配行为如触角前伸、振翅、飞行等行为，即使在没有雌蛾刺激的前提下也能在确定的黑暗周期如期发生。光周期紊乱的雄蛾不能同正常雌蛾交配，处于求偶高峰期的３日龄雌蛾与１～４日龄雄蛾配对时，３日龄雄蛾与雌蛾交配率高达８０％，而其它几个日龄的雄蛾与雌蛾的交配率明显偏低，去掉雌蛾触角交配率下降至４０％；除去一根雄蛾触角仍能交配，但交配率下降；去掉两根雄蛾触角则完全不能交配，雄性信息素组分对雌蛾求偶没有影响。     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾成虫及交配行为的观察研究

本文通过室内饲养观察,对兴安落叶松鞘蛾(Coleophora dahurica Flkv.)成虫生物学特性及交配行为进行了研究。结果发现:其雄成虫出现的时间比雌成虫早24—36h。雌成虫羽化后24—42h为性信息分泌高峰期;羽化后30—48h的雄成虫对性信息素反应最敏感,故雄成虫提前羽化对交配有利。雌成虫无重复交配现象;雄成虫可重复交配,最多可达4次左右。雌、雄成虫在交配过程中有一定的行为反应。补充营养和交配次数对成虫寿命有一定影响。     

交配对棉铃虫雌蛾生殖的调控

研究交配对棉铃虫雌蛾生殖的影响，结果表明：（1）有效交配明显刺激卵巢发育与产卵，交配后24h，交配蛾的卵巢与体重比值较同龄处女蛾提高56．6％，交配雌蛾一生产卵量是处女雌蛾的1．8倍，差异极显。大量的卵的产出使交配后雌蛾体重锐减。死亡时只有羽化的45．2％，明显低于处女雌蛾。（2）有效交配极显抑制了雌蛾的求偶，使雌蛾求偶率降低了87．1％。（3）交配使3日龄雌蛾的性信息素在2h后下降91％。（4）已有效交配的雌蛾当晚不再交配，表现出典型的拒绝行为。（5）有效交配雌蛾寿命为10.4d，显短于无效交配的雌蛾（15．6d)。极显短于单头饲养雌蛾（18．9d).     

沙棘木蠹蛾成虫行为学特征及性诱效果研究

为沙棘木蠹蛾性引诱剂的开发和利用作准备 ,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区 ,就与沙棘木蠹蛾性引诱有关的几个生物生态学特性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,沙棘木蠹蛾 7月中旬进入羽化高峰期 ,1 5 :0 0— 1 8:0 0羽化量占日羽化总量的 90 % .雌蛾的求偶行为主要发生在 2 0 :0 0— 0 :0 0 .未观察到雌蛾多次交尾现象 ,偶尔可见雌蛾未交尾即产卵 .雌蛾寿命一般 2～ 7d ,平均 4d ;雄蛾寿命 3～ 8d ,平均 6d .处女雌蛾在林缘上风方向 30～ 1 0 0 0m都能诱到一定数量的雄蛾 .雌蛾的求偶行为表现出很强的时间节律 ,通过悬挂 7个处女雌蛾诱捕器连续观察发现 ,2 0 :0 0— 0 :0 0诱蛾量占日诱总量的 94 2 % ,1日龄处女雌蛾诱蛾量最多 ,随着处女雌蛾日龄的增加 ,诱蛾数量下降 .雌蛾腹部性腺体粗提物具有引诱雄蛾活力 ,交配雌蛾不再具有引诱雄蛾能力 .雌蛾的求偶暗期为 1～ 2h .沙棘木蠹蛾性诱特性符合蛾类的一般规律     

Decoding Phthorimaea operculella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the new age of change

Arthropods and pathogens constantly challenge potato Solanum tuberosum L. production. Scenarios of climate variation have increased the possibility of changes in pests' biological and ecological patterns by increasing or reducing overwintering length, changes in population growth rates, number of generations, crop-pest relationship, and therefore affecting their expansion. Phthorimaea operculella Zeller(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main pests affecting potatoes worldwide. Adults oviposit single or multiple eggs in leaves, stems, and tubers, while the larvae in immature stage mine leaves or burrows into tubers turning them unmarketable. Traditional control methods are effective in controlling P. operculella, but many factors determine the success of the control chosen. This review provides key highlights of current information available that could be used as a resource to fight this pest.     

马铃薯块茎蛾对马铃薯块茎挥发物的嗅觉反应

[目的]探讨马铃薯薯块挥发物对马铃薯块茎蛾的引诱效果。[方法]利用Y型嗅觉仪测定马铃薯块茎蛾成虫对自然贮存不同时间（0、15、30、45、60d）完整的和切开的马铃薯块茎挥发物的嗅觉行为反应。[结果]不论是新鲜的还是放置不同时间的完整马铃薯块茎释放出的气味对马铃薯块茎蛾雌、雄虫均无显著引诱效果。剖开的新鲜马铃薯块茎能显著引诱已交配雌蛾,但对处女雌蛾和雄蛾无显著引诱效果。室内自然放置15d以上的马铃薯块茎被切开后所产生的气味不能显著引诱雌、雄两性成虫。剖开的新鲜马铃薯块茎气味不能显著加强雌性信息素对雄虫的引诱效果。[结论]剖开的新鲜薯块挥发物对马铃薯块茎蛾雌虫有显著的产卵引诱效果。但对两性成虫的交配行为无影响。     

印楝素与桉叶油醇对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择性的影响

测定印楝素、印楝乳油及桉叶油醇对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵选择性的影响.实验结果显示,印楝素对马铃薯块茎蛾成虫表现出显著的产卵抑制效果,而0.3%印楝乳油和桉叶油醇则对马铃薯块茎蛾成虫表现出显著的产卵引诱或者促进效果.     

Potential of Steinernema carpocapsae(Weiser) as a biological control agent against potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller)(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, was evaluated for control of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, under laboratory conditions. We evaluated different concentrations of S. carpocapsae for control of 2 nd, 3 rd, and 4 th instar P. operculella. The median lethal concentration(LC50) of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles(IJs) to 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of P. operculella was 200, 363, 181 IJs mL–1, respectively. With the extension of treatment time, the cumulative mortality increased for 2 nd, 3 rd, and 4 th instar larvae and pupae of P. operculella. Fourth instars were the most susceptible for all observation periods. Therefore, our results suggest that S. carpocapsae could be an effective biological control agent for P. operculella.     

细辛熏蒸对仓贮马铃薯块茎蛾的防控效果

为中药材细辛防治仓贮马铃薯块茎蛾提供理论依据,扩展细辛在植物源农药方面新的应用领域,通过实验室试验,研究细辛熏蒸方式对马铃薯块茎蛾成虫和卵的毒力及对产卵、交配的影响。结果表明:细辛对马铃薯块茎蛾成虫有较强毒力,短时间内可迅速将马铃薯块茎蛾击倒,在浓度为4.67g/L、(28.0±0.3)℃条件下,雌虫50%击倒时间为10.89 min,95%击倒时间为16.82 min;雄虫50%击倒时间为9.34min,95%击倒时间为12.35min;延长熏蒸时间可导致马铃薯块茎蛾成虫就死亡,雄虫较雌虫更敏感;细辛熏蒸可显著抑制马铃薯块茎蛾卵的孵化;对马铃薯块茎蛾产卵抑制作用显著,在1.38g/L的浓度下产卵抑制率可达84.5%,并显著影响其交配。     

马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵特性

 对马铃薯块茎蛾［Phthorimaes operculella(Zeller)］在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)叶片和块茎上产卵的特征进行了一系列的室内试验。通过一个特别设计的连接活性炭过滤器的双向选择的嗅觉仪,来判断马铃薯块茎蛾在两个供试样本之间的偏爱程度。结果表明：(1)马铃薯块茎蛾在马铃薯叶片上的产卵量明显比大白菜（Brassica oleracea var.capitata),番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)或辣椒(Capsicum annuum)叶片多。而在马铃薯和茄子(Solanum melongena)叶片之间没有明显的区别;（2）马铃薯块茎蛾在马铃薯块茎上的产卵量明显比在茄子果实和甘薯块根上多,而在马铃薯块茎和番茄果实或辣椒果实上的产卵量没有明显差别;（3）高温水煮和高压蒸汽都不能破坏马铃薯块茎吸引马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵行为,煮过后去皮的马铃薯块茎也不影响马铃薯块茎蛾的产卵行为;（4）除去块茎表皮或仅去其芽则明显减少马铃薯块茎蛾在其上产卵;（5）马铃薯块茎蛾对表皮为浅黄色、红色和紫色的块茎没有明显的产卵偏好;（6）成虫在涂有马铃薯块茎的正己烷提取液的滤纸上所产的卵明显比在只涂有正己烷溶液的滤纸上多。用相同的提取方法,在马铃薯叶片上没有提取出吸引马铃薯块茎蛾产卵的化学物质。由此推断,马铃薯块茎在储藏期,会不断的释放一些化学物质来吸引马铃薯块茎蛾在块茎上产卵,这些化学物质的其它的特征有待进一步研究。     

马铃薯叶片内生细菌的分离鉴定及其对马铃薯块茎蛾的毒力研究

【目的】研究马铃薯叶片内生细菌对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫的杀虫活性,为马铃薯块茎蛾生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】以云南省2种马铃薯主栽品种丽薯6号和会-2叶片为材料,采用LB固体培养基分离培养马铃薯叶片内生细菌,根据内生细菌的形态特征和16S rDNA序列进行种类鉴定;通过浸叶饲喂法测定内生细菌的发酵液、发酵上清液和菌悬液对马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫的毒力。【结果】分别从丽薯6号和会-2叶片中分离获得对马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫具有杀虫活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)QL1和带化红球菌(Rhodococcus fascians)YH2。分别用浓度为1.5×109CFU/mL的菌株QL1和YH2发酵液饲喂马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫后第7 d时,其幼虫累积死亡率分别为81.67%和65.00%,LT₅₀分别为3.03和5.58 d;菌株QL1发酵液处理后第3、5和7 d马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫的LC₅₀分别为7.99×108、3.21×106和2.73×103CFU/mL;菌株YH2菌体无明显致死效应。在1.5×109CFU/mL浓度下,菌株QL1和YH2发酵液对马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫的杀虫活性高于发酵上清液和菌悬液。菌株QL1和YH2的发酵液、发酵上清液、菌悬液处理后马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫的累积死亡率均随着处理时间变长而逐渐升高。【结论】马铃薯叶片内生细菌苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株QL1和带化红球菌菌株YH2的发酵液、发酵上清液、菌悬液对马铃薯块茎蛾3龄幼虫均具有杀虫活性,可作为马铃薯块茎蛾生防制剂开发的潜力菌株。     

Potato/Maize intercropping reduces infestation of potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller) by the enhancement of natural enemies

The potato tuber moth(PTM), Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller), is one of the most economically significant insect pests for potato in both field and storage worldwide. To evaluate the infestation, reduction of potato yield and the control efficacy for PTM, field tests were conducted in two seasons by intercropping of potato as the host plant with maize as a non-host plant of PTM. Three intercropping patterns were tested, which were 2 rows of potatoes with either 2, 3, or 4 rows of maize(abbreviated 2 P:2 M, 2 P:3 M, and 2 P:4 M), and the monocropped potato as the control, 2 rows of potatoes, without maize,(abbreviated 2 P:0 M). Results showed that the population and infestation of PTM in the 2 P:3 M intercropping pattern was significantly lower than those in 2 P:2 M, 2 P:4 M and the monocropping pattern of 2 P:0 M, due to the enhancement of natural enemies. Cumulative mines and tunneling in potato leaves in 2 P:3 M intercropping were significantly lower than those in 2 P:2 M and 2 P:4 M patterns. The population of parasitoids and the parasitism rate of PTM in intercropping pattern of 2 P:3 M were significantly higher than that in intercropping pattern of 2 P:2 M, 2 P:4 M and monocropping pattern of 2 P:0 M. We conclude that the potato intercropped with maize reduced the adult and larva populations, and reduced the damage from PTM by enhancing the number of parasitoids and the level of parasitism. The greatest population density of parasitoids and parasitism rate were in the intercropping pattern of 2 rows of potatoes with 3 rows of maize. These data indicate that the host/non-host intercropping patterns can be used as a biological control tactic against PTM by enhancing the density of natural enemies in the agro-ecosystems.     

Behavioral responses of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) to tobacco plant volatiles

Potato tuber moth(PTM) Phthorimaea operculella, also known as tobacco splitworm, is an important pest of tobacco plants. The knowledge on the interaction of tobacco plant volatiles and PTM behavior is limited. To clarify the effect of tobacco plant volatiles on the orientation and oviposition behaviors of PTM and to identify potential compounds for PTM control, tobacco plant volatiles were collected by headspace collection method, and volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thirteen electrophysiological active compounds were screened by employing coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and from which nine available compounds were further verified by electroantennogram recording. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol showed significant attractant effect on the orientation behaviors of both male and female moths. Nonanal and decanal could only attract females, while octanal exhibited repellent effect on males. Oviposition selection experiment indicated that nonanal, decanal, decane and methyl hexadecanoate could stimulate the gravid females to lay more eggs, while octanal and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylenthyl)-4-methyl phenol inhibited their oviposition. Our study added more compounds to the list that could serve as potential PTM deterrents or attractants.     

白背飞虱交配和产卵行为研究

生殖行为是个体生物学的重要研究内容,本文对白背飞虱的交配、产卵等生殖行为进行了研究。结果表明:白背飞虱雌虫羽化昼夜节律高峰期在12∶00~14∶00,雄虫羽化高峰期比雌虫早,在10∶00~12∶00,交配昼夜节律高峰期在凌晨0∶00~2∶00和中午12∶00~14∶00,产卵昼夜节律高峰在12∶00~16∶00,雌雄成虫均可交配2次以上,雌虫多次交配后产卵量显著多于单次交配的雌虫,未经交配的雌虫也能产卵,但产卵量显著少于交配过的雌虫且所产卵不能孵化,表明白背飞虱不具有孤雌生殖现象。