安化黑茶产业技术创新模式演变分析

技术创新是安化黑茶产业发展的原动力,笔者通过对安化黑茶产业发展历史的考察,结合技术创新过程模式理论,初步阐释了安化黑茶产业技术创新过程模式的演变轨迹及发展的驱动力。自明清时期安化黑茶兴盛以来,安化黑茶产业的技术创新过程模式依次经历了20世纪之前的边疆市场（边茶）和政府系统（贡茶）协同拉动模式,20世纪初到20世纪末的黑茶科学技术单向推动模式,20世纪末到21世纪初的内陆市场需求单向拉动模式,以及目前逐步形成的技术、市场交互作用模式。     

Agricultural Automation in the new Millennium

Agricultural automation is expected to continue in the new millennium. Reasons are given why a number of prototype automation systems developed in the 20th century have not yet proceeded to commercialisation. Some barriers that have deterred this are identified, and it is suggested that research to overcome these barriers will be a focus of future activity.     

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: tree ring evidence for growth enhancement in natural vegetation

A response of plant growth to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, which has been anticipated from laboratory data, may now have been detected in the annual rings of subalpine conifers growing in the western United States. Experimental evidence shows that carbon dioxide can be an important limiting factor in the growth of plants in this high-altitude environment. The greatly increased tree growth rates observed since the mid-l9th century exceed those expected from climatic trends but are consistent in magnitude with global trends in carbon dioxide, especially in recent decades. If correctly interpreted, these findings have important implications for climate studies involving tree ring observations and for models of the global carbon dioxide budget.     

Understanding Conflicts between People and Parks at Ranomafana, Madagascar

The national park model originating in the unique circumstances of mid-19th century North America has been widely applied in the developing countries of the late 20th century, provoking numerous land-use conflicts between parks and resident peoples. Key factors in understanding these conflicts are examined using the field experience of the Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar. A conflict management strategy is suggested for alleviating such antagonism and facilitating the investigation of mutually acceptable conservation and development pathways.     

Climate change record in subsurface temperatures: A global perspective

Analyses of underground temperature measurements from 358 boreholes in eastern North America, central Europe, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that, in the 20th century, the average surface temperature of Earth has increased by about 0.5 degreesC and that the 20th century has been the warmest of the past five centuries. The subsurface temperatures also indicate that Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 1.0 degreesC over the past five centuries. The geothermal data offer an independent confirmation of the unusual character of 20th-century climate that has emerged from recent multiproxy studies.     

基于风险的云计算环境用户效用分析

通过分析云计算环境中资源分配和用户任务请求的过程，提出了云计算环境中的用户效用函数，并引入风险对云计算服务和资源由于被非授权访问造成的损失进行量化，得出了基于风险的用户期望效用函数.最后，通过仿真实验论证了任务执行数与用户需求，时间，费用和用户效用之间的关系.从仿真实验可以看出，用户的一次提交的任务数存在一个理想值，在这个理想值附近，其用户效用最好.     

On the cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl

During the 1930s, the United States experienced one of the most devastating droughts of the past century. The drought affected almost two-thirds of the country and parts of Mexico and Canada and was infamous for the numerous dust storms that occurred in the southern Great Plains. In this study, we present model results that indicate that the drought was caused by anomalous tropical sea surface temperatures during that decade and that interactions between the atmosphere and the land surface increased its severity. We also contrast the 1930s drought with other North American droughts of the 20th century.     

北京现代物流人才供求浅析

“21世纪是物流挂帅的世纪”,在这一背景下,北京现代物流发展相当迅猛,而一个健康发展的行业需要有专业人才的支撑。笔者分析了北京现代物流人才的需求与供给状况,得出要大力加强现代物流人才教育培养的结论。     

百年兴衰:印度尼西亚茶业发展史探略

17世纪中国茶叶外传,引发了欧洲对这一东方饮料的追求。作为资本主义强国的荷兰为追求利益,尝试在殖民地印度尼西亚种植茶叶,由此开启了印尼茶产业的百年之路。经过荷兰茶企的不断改良和学习,印尼走上以机械化生产阿萨姆茶为主的茶叶发展模式,使印尼茶叶产量在20世纪初位列世界第三,也为荷属东印度创造了巨大的利润。经过二战的破坏和独立后印尼共和国长期的经济困难,印尼茶产业逐步衰落。近年来印尼重新重视茶叶产业,通过引进绿茶、制定可持续发展标准等措施,实现了茶产业的生态化发展。     

鲤CYR61基因的克隆、表达及系统进化树的构建

中世纪是一个伟大的综合时代。相比较9世纪的加洛林文艺复兴,12世纪文艺复兴是中世纪的一次全面的学术复兴,是一次伟大的文化运动。城市的复兴和翻译运动催生了12世纪的文艺复兴。大学是中世纪留给后世最重要的遗产,它兴起于12世纪文艺复兴时代。城市的复兴为大学提供了物质和精神基础,诞生了知识分子阶层,城市中的工商业者的行会为汇聚在城市中的师生提供了自我组织的制度参照。翻译运动使古典知识重新返回欧洲,为大学中的师生提供了讨论和研究的材料。大学是教师和学生在与市民、城市当局和教会等势力斗争的过程中形成的,是学者的行会。12世纪至少自发形成了四所大学,其中波隆那大学作为学生型大学成为南欧大学的典范,巴黎大学作为教师型大学,成为北欧大学的典范。中世纪大学在本质上是师生的行会,并且具有国际性、教会性、特权性的特征。现代大学是中世纪大学的直系后裔。     

基于DSP和MCU的管道漏水检测和定位系统研究

结合中国养老保险基金投资现状,考虑预期收益率是模糊数的情形,利用可能性均值和可能性方差作为投资组合的预期收益率和风险,建立均值-方差组合投资模型.最后,利用lingo软件进行数值分析,表明此模型具有一定的实际应用价值.     

CLIMATE CHANGE: The Causes of 20th Century Warming

Global air surface temperatures increased by about 0.6 degrees C during the 20th century, but as Zwiers and Weaver discuss in their Perspective, the warming was not continuous. Two distinct periods of warming, from 1910 to 1945 and since 1976, were separated by a period of very gradual cooling. The authors highlight the work by Stott et al., who have performed the most comprehensive simulation of 20th century climate to date. The agreement between observed and simulated temperature variations strongly suggests that forcing from anthropogenic activities, moderated by variations in solar and volcanic forcing, has been the main driver of climate change during the past century.     

论十八世纪中期中英农法演化成就与变革趋势——《知本提纲》与《马力中耕农法》之比较研究

本文分别依据成书于18世纪中英两国的具有代表性农书《知本提纲》(zhiben ti gang)与《马力中耕农法》(The Horse-hoing Husbandry),加以较为详尽的论述对比,来说明当时中英两国农业生产的情况及特点。并证实其前期的水平,是以劳动集约为主侧重种植业的中国,在总体成就上高于英国。而英国的农业在此之前虽已呈现变革的肇端,但尚未完成;至于工业革命是在本世纪后期方始启动仍在进行之中。如仅就农艺学角度来看,18世纪的中国似更先进,实际上英国粮作单产与畜产品供应却都有所增加,其原因则可归之于劳动生产率的提高。在此之后的发展变革趋势,侧重工程技术的英国随即超过仍沿袭精耕细作仅以生物技术为主的中国,而先于中国实现了农业的近代化的历史进程。     

茶在英国的普及时间辨析

学界对于茶何时在英国实现普及主要有2种观点,一种认为是在17世纪末18世纪初,一种认为是在18世纪中叶,指出这2种看法都不确切,资料证明茶在英国实现普及是在18世纪末。     

陕西杨凌近30年来日本樱花花期的演变及其指示意义

为了揭示日本樱花花期演变的特点及其与春温、植物生育期变化的关系,从1979~2006年近30年来,对陕西杨凌日本樱花花期进行了连续观测,统计分析了日本樱花花期序列,花期和春温的关系以及其与小麦生育期的相关关系。结果表明,近30年来,日本樱花花期有随时间推移逐渐提早的趋势,20世纪90年代的平均开花始期、盛期均较80年代提早1 d,进入21世纪以来提早明显加快,其平均开花始期、盛期均较20世纪90年代提早9 d。20世纪80和90年代,日本樱花最早和最晚花期相差21 d,到21世纪10年代,相差仅15~17 d,花期的变动明显趋于稳定。陕西杨凌早春和整个春季的气温均与日本樱花花期呈极显著负相关,日本樱花开花盛期与小麦抽穗期、开花期、乳熟期呈极显著相关,与小麦蜡熟期、成熟期呈显著相关。说明日本樱花花期变化和春温升高密切相关,是全球气候变暖的又一具体表现。根据日本樱花花期能较好预报小麦等农作物生长后期各生育期的变化,可以提早安排小麦授粉杂交、后代选择、后期栽培管理等一系列农事活动,对整个农业生产具有重要作用。     

论我国古代猪的阉割技术

猪阉割技术的出现,是我国古代兽医学的一项重要成就。关于这一技术中的有些问题记述不一,或存在着不同的看法,因此需要加以讨论。一、关于猪阉割技术的出现在我国三千多年以前的殷墟卜辞中,便有     

“科玄论战”的哲学省思

经济全球化是21世纪的重要特征之一。作为国际社会中积极的一员，改革开放的中国会面临着经济全球化的全而冲击，特别是加入WTO以后，我国受到的冲击愈益严重，尤其在文化领域，我们将面临西方文化产品、文化资本、文化价值观的更大冲击。本文首先探讨了经济全球化为当代中国的文化建设提供了怎样的历史语境;其次分析了在这样的历史语境中我国先进文化建设遇到了哪些机遇与挑战;最后通过对上述两个大问题的分析，探讨了在经济全球化的大背景下，如何加强中国特色社会主义先进文化建设。     

新型农业收割设备多级破碎分离机的设计与研究

设计的多级破碎分离机是集破碎和分离于一体的新型机器,现主要介绍了该新型机器的结构和功能。并通过把Pro/E建立的三维实体模型导入到ANSYS中,对其固有特性进行分析,应用所得到的数据对模型进行细微改造,使其结构更加合理,功能更加完善。通过Simulink计算振动方程,研究了3个筛板的振动情况。并通过理论计算和虚拟仿真技术研制了模型样机,对模型样机进行试验分析,结果表明该多级破碎分离机达到了预期设计目标。     

Oxygen isotopes and emerald trade routes since antiquity

Oxygen isotopic compositions of historical emerald artifacts from the Gallo-Roman period to the 18th century indicate that during historical times, artisans worked emeralds originating from deposits supposedly discovered in the 20th century. In antiquity, Pakistani and Egyptian emeralds were traded by way of the Silk Route. Together with Austrian stones, they were the only source of gem-quality emeralds. Immediately after the discovery of the Colombian mines by Spaniards in the 16th century, a new trade route was established, first via Spain to Europe and India and then directly via the Philippines to India. Since then, Colombian emeralds have dominated the emerald trade, and most of the high-quality emeralds cut in the 18th century in India originated from Colombia.     

Sea-floor hydrothermal activity links climate to tectonics: the Eocene carbon dioxide greenhouse

Two important findings of recent ocean floor drilling in the southeast Pacific (Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 92) are (i) that sea-floor hydrothermal activity may fluctuate through time by as much as an order of magnitude and (ii) that episodes of greatest hydrothermal flux correspond to times when ridge-transform plate boundaries are undergoing major changes in their configuration rather than to known times of increased spreading rate or volcanism. Evidence is presented here in support of the hypothesis that heightened hydrothermal activity induced by the Eocene tectonic activity caused a global greenhouse effect, which may represent the long-sought-after historical analog to the carbon dioxide-induced global warming expected to occur by the middle of the next century.