恰有7个非正规子群的有限群

利用非正规子群的共轭类类数为1,2的有限群的结构,给出了恰有7个非正规子群的有限群的完全分类.定理1若有限群G恰有7个非正规子群,则G同构于以下群之一.(1)〈x,y|x7=y2n=1,xy=x-1,n≥1〉.(2)〈x,y|x7=y3n=1,xy=x4,n≥1〉.(3)A4.(4)〈x,y|x7=y7n=1,xy=x1+7n-1,n≥2〉.     

一类Kirchhoff型方程解的多重性

研究一类Kirchhoff型方程烄-(a+∫b|u|2dxu+)p-1 x∈ΩΩ)Δu=-λ|u|q-2 u+a1u+b1(u=0 x∈Ω其中,Ω是R3中具有正则边界的有界区域;1q2,4p6;a,b,a1和b1均为正数;λ是正参数.利用山路定理和极小化理论得到方程至少存在3个解:1个非负非平凡解和2个非正非平凡解.     

棉蚜防治指标的研究

通过三年多点田间小区对比试验,组建了棉蚜危害棉花1～3叶期、4～8叶期和伏蚜期棉花卷叶株率(x)和产量损失率(y)的回归式,分别为y=20.021e~(-8.9287/x)(n=29,r=0.8066,p<0.001)、y=19.925e~(-13.3779/x)(n=19,r=0.9006,p<0.001)和y=23.272e~(-12.2155/x)(n=12,r=0.7469,p<0.01)。结合目前我省棉花产量水平(亩产120～150斤皮棉)、防治费用等,提出上述三个时期棉蚜的防治指标分别为卷叶株率4～5%、7～8%和7～8%,均较我省过去的防治指标有所放宽。     

恰有7个非正规子群的有限群

利用非正规子群的共轭类类数为1,2的有限群的结构,给出了恰有7个非正规子群的有限群的完全分类.定理1 若有限群G恰有7个非正规子群,则G同构于以下群之一.(1)〈x,y|x~7=y~(2~n)=1,x~y=x~(-1),n≥1〉.(2)〈x,y | x~7=Y~(3~n)=1,x~y=x~4≥1〉.(3)A_4.(4)〈x,y| x~7=y~(7~n)=1,x~y=x~(1+7~(n-1)),n≥2〉.

Abstract：

Using the results of non-normal subgroups with 1 and 2 conjugate classes,a complete classification of finite groups with seven non-normal subgroups is given.     

已知条件概率P(x=t|x+y=t)求P(x=t)和P(y=t)的问题

本文对取非负整数的具有正概率的独立随机变量 x和 y在已知条件概率 P( x=t|x y=t)的某些条件下 ,给出了 P( x=t)和 P( y=t)的解     

关于不定方程x~2+(p-1)y~2=pz~2

研究了一类不定方程求正整数解的问题.借助一个引理,推导并证明了不定方程x2-(p-1)y2=pz2满足(x,y)=1且p≡3(mod4)的一切正整数解的一般公式,这里p为奇素数.不定方程x2-(p-1)y2=pz2满足(x,y)=1且p≡3(mod4)的一切正整数解可表示为x=|2(p-1)ab-|m1a2-2m2b2‖,y=2ab+|m1a2-2m2b2|,z=m1a2+2m2b2.这里a,b,m1,m2均为正整数,且(a,b)=(b,m1)=(a,2m2)=1,p=2m1m2+1.     

带 Hardy-Sobolev临界指数的半线性椭圆方程正解的存在性

研究了一类带有加权Hardy-Sobolev临界指数、Dirichlet边界条件和含超线性项的半线性椭圆方程-div(|x|-2a ▽u)-μu|x|2(1+a)=|u|p-2|x|bpu+f(x,u)当一般项函数f(x,t)和a,b,μ满足一定条件时,通过山路引理和强极大值原理得出该方程至少有一个正解.     

转Bt基因棉田棉铃虫防治指标的研究

通过田间接虫试验 ,得出转Bt基因棉田棉铃虫百株 3龄幼虫量 (x)或其对数A =ln(x +1) ,与棉铃虫为害造成的棉花产量损失率 (y)之间呈抛物线关系 ;2、3、4代的定量公式分别为 :y =2 .3 464A2 -7.42 41A -0 .3 5 3 5 ,y =0 .0 0 18x2 +0 .0 80 7x -0 .673 4,y =1.64 60A2 -3 .5 668A +0 .0 12 4。按目前淮北棉区转Bt基因棉的产量、价格、棉铃虫防治成本、效果等 ,计算出转Bt基因棉田2、3、4代棉铃虫的防治指标分别为百株 3龄幼虫 2 6、13～ 15和 10头。同时表明 ,转Bt基因棉可通过增加秋桃数量来补偿棉铃虫危害 ,其对 2、3代棉铃虫具有一定抗性 ,对 4代棉铃虫的抗性较差     

奇异二阶微分系统正周期解的存在性

研究一类带周期边界条件的二阶线性算子的性质.运用Schauder不动点定理,在较弱的条件下获得了奇异二阶系统 x″ a1(t)x=f1(t,y(t)) e1(t) t∈ (0,T) {y″ a2(t)y=f2(t,x(t)) e2(t) t∈ (0,T) 正周期解的存在性结论.     

一类一阶微分方程初等解法的分析研究

对一阶微分方程变量分离方程dy/dx=f(x)φ(y)(其中f(x),φ(y)分别是x,y的连续函数)和非齐次线性微分方程dy/dx=p(x)y+Q(x)(其中p(x),Q(y)是x的连续函数)的其初等解法进行了分析研究,结合Lebesgue积分与Riemann积分的相关知识,给出了f(x),φ(y),p(x),Q(x)的不连续点集是零测集时的初等解法。     

采伐对长白山阔叶红松林生态系统碳密度的影响

采伐对森林生态系统碳密度和固碳能力有重要的影响,且影响的程度因采伐强度和方式不同而有巨大差异.以长白山地区原始阔叶红松林在不同采伐方式、采伐强度干扰后形成的次生林为研究对象,通过对2007至2009年建立的11块1 hm2永久样地中植被层、凋落物层和土壤层碳密度在采伐前后变化特征的分析,研究了采伐强度与恢复时间对阔叶红松林生态系统碳密度的影响.结果表明:在短期内,采伐导致了植被层和土壤表层(0-20cm)碳密度值的减少,其中植被碳密度与采伐强度有显著的线性负相关关系(y=-0.9x+91.17,R2=0.626,P＜0.01),而后,随着植被的恢复,生态系统碳密度增加,其中植被、土壤层碳密度呈显著线性正相关关系.根据植被碳密度与恢复时间之间的相关关系,确定以生态系统恢复、木材生产与固碳三者兼顾的合适采伐强度为30％,轮伐期为45a.     

池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾幼虾到成虾阶段生长差异研究

为探究池塘养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾至成虾阶段不同个体间存在的生长差异,本实验采集了放苗后第28、38、48、58、68和73天的对虾样品。首先以28天对虾样品为例,计算不同体质量虾所占比例;按体质量排序的前10%(14只)、中位数附近10%(14只)、后10%(14只)定义对虾生长速率高、中、低3组,其次对对虾的体长、体质量分别进行幂函数拟合和线性回归,比较不同生长特性虾之间的差异。再分别计算所有样品及不同生长速率组虾的绝对日增长、绝对日增重和相对日增长率、相对日增重率。结果发现,相同生长时期的3组虾生长速率差异显著(P95%),将这些生长速率不同的虾作为一个整体来分析虾的生长情况可能会出现一定偏差。其次,体长对体质量的线性回归结果为:幂函数W_(所有样品)=1×10~(-5)L~(3.0051),直线方程y_(所有样品)=3x-4.92,不同生长速率组的直线方程分别为y_高=3.41x-5.71,y_中=3.21x-5.30,y_低=2.92x-4.78;直线方程中斜率与生长速率呈正相关,3组线性回归方程能更加确切地反映出3组虾的真实生长情况;同时发现,不同生长速率虾的绝对生长值与对虾的实际生长情况吻合,而相对生长值与对虾的实际生长情况不相符,建议以后分析对虾生长特性时参数选择绝对生长值更为适宜。     

Milk Yield of Holstein Cows Induced into Lactation Twice Consecutively and Lactation Curve Models Fitted to Artificial Lactations

Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate (2 mg kg⁻¹ of body weight (BW) d⁻¹, on day 1 to 14), progesterone (0.10 mg kg⁻¹ of BW, on day 1 to 7), flumethasone (0.03 mg kg⁻¹ of BW, on day 18 to 20) and recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST; 500 mg per cow, on day 1, 6, 16 and 21). At the end of lactation and with a minimum of a 2-mon dry period, the same cows were again hormonally induced into lactation. Cows in both lactations were not artificially inseminated, they were milked 3 times daily and received rbST throughout lactation. Mean accumulated milk yield at 305 d in milk (DIM) did not differ between the first and second induced lactations ((9 710 ±1 728) vs. (9 309±2 150) kg; mean±SD). Total milk yield ((12 707±3 406) vs. (12 306±4 218) kg; mean±SD) and lactation length ((405±100) vs. (410±91) d; mean±SD) were not different between the first and second induced lactations. In a second study, 15 empirical models including exponential, power law, yield-density, sigmoidal and miscellaneous models were compared for their suitability by modeling 12-mon (n=334), 18-mon (n=164) and 29-mon (n=22) lactation cycles of Holsteins cows induced into lactation and treated with rbST throughout the lactation. Hoerl (Y= ab^1/xx^c), Wood (Y=ax^b exp(cx)) and Dhanoa (Y=ax^(bc)exp(cx)) models were equally suitable to describe 12-mon lactations. An exponential model with five parameters (Y=exp(a+bx+cd²+e/x)) showed the best fit for milk yield for 18-mon lactations. The rational model (Y=a+bx/1+cx+dx²) was found to produce the closest fit for 29-mon lactations. It was concluded that, with the protocol used in the present study, multiparous cows respond favorably to a second cycle of induced lactation, with milk yield similar to that experienced during the first cycle. Thus, dairy producers might be able to lengthen the productive life of infertile high producing cows with a renewal of artificial lactation, which would imply an overall reduction in voluntary culling of cows. Also, various equations used to describe the lactation curves demonstrated the potential for fitting monthly milk records of Holstein cows with prolonged lactations and induced hormonally into lactation.     

遮阴和施肥对油茶幼苗叶片抗寒性的影响

以不同遮阴时间和施肥量处理的油茶幼苗为研究对象,以其叶片在不同时间(1月、2月、11月和12月)半致死温度的差异为依据,研究了油茶幼苗叶片的抗寒性对遮阴和施肥的响应。结果表明,遮阴对翌年1月和2月油茶幼苗叶片的半致死温度没有显著影响,而对当年11月和12月的半致死温度产生了显著影响。回归模拟的结果表明,当年11月和12月油茶幼苗叶片半致死温度(y)与遮阴时间(x)遵守y=ax2–bx–c(R2=0.8987*~0.9116*)模型,即此时期的半致死温度随遮阴时间增加呈现先降低后升高的变化规律,表明遮阴时间过长将会降低油茶幼苗的抗寒性。施肥对当年11月和12月及翌年1月和2月油茶幼苗叶片的半致死温度均产生了显著影响。回归模拟结果表明,不同季节,油茶幼苗叶片半致死温度(y)与施肥量(x)均遵守y=k/(1+aexp(–(bx+cx2+dx3)))(R2=0.9929*~0.9994*)模型,表明油茶幼苗叶片的半致死温度对施肥的响应呈现随施肥量增加先降低后趋于稳定的基本趋势,油茶幼苗叶片的半致死温度不随施用量的增加而无限降低。     

华南农产品主产区2005—2014年秸秆露天燃烧污染物排放估算及时空分布

为了解华南农产品主产区秸秆露天燃烧大气污染物排放情况,通过室内模拟试验,实测该地区水稻、小麦、豆类、油菜、玉米、棉花和花生秸秆CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5的排放因子,并基于统计年鉴计算出的研究区域农作物秸秆产量和露天燃烧量,对华南主产区4省2005—2014年间秸秆露天燃烧各类污染物的排放总量进行估算,并分析其时空动态变化。结果表明：不同农作物秸秆燃烧时CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5的平均排放因子分别为165.32、1 231.76、1.94、38.47 g·kg^-1和7.54 g·kg^-1。2005—2014年,华南农产品主产区农作物秸秆产量范围59.361（福建）~185.890 Mt（云南）;秸秆燃烧量范围13.629（福建）~41.902 Mt（广东）;CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5的排放总量分别为18 926.32、149 866.73、153.13、6 467.09 kt和870.33 kt。水稻是研究区域大气污染物的主要来源,对各类污染物贡献率为61.16%~84.83%。研究区域污染物时空分布结果显示,广东全省、广西中部和云南东部是大气污染物单位网格排放高值区,福建全省污染物排放较低且分散。研究区域各省不同污染物排放在时间上的变化存在差异。福建污染物排放呈下降趋势,广东、广西、云南呈上升趋势。     

腐熟堆肥为滤料的生物滤池对堆肥气中NH3的去除效果

为了研究腐熟堆肥作为生物滤池滤料对好氧堆肥过程中产生的NH_3的定量化去除效果,实验设计了将生物滤料进行灭菌和不灭菌两个处理,通过滤池对NH_3的去除率以及滤料物理化学性质的变化,分析腐熟堆肥作为生物滤料对于NH_3的去除机理以及定量化物理吸附作用和微生物转化作用的贡献大小。结果表明,腐熟堆肥作为生物滤料,在一定的滤池高度下可100%去除NH_3。在对NH_3的去除过程中,腐熟堆肥物理吸附作用贡献率为75%~80%,微生物转化作用的贡献率为10%~25%。NH_3在生物滤池中先通过物理吸附作用以铵态氮的形式被固定,然后经微生物转化为硝态氮。滤池最底部滤料承担着去除NH_3的主要作用,随着滤池高度的增加,滤料对NH_3的累积去除量逐渐减少。滤池不同高度与NH_3累积排放量的关系可用拟合方程表示,通过方程计算可知:对于灭菌的滤料,当滤池高度为50 cm时,NH_3去除率可接近100%;而未灭菌的腐熟堆肥滤料仅25 cm高度就可完全去除NH_3。腐熟堆肥∶砂土=4∶6(湿基质量比)混合而成的生物滤料,经过28 d的过滤处理后,滤料未发生酸化现象。     

关于不定方程5x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)=18y(y+1)(y+2)(y+3)

运用Pell方程、递推序列、同余式及平方剩余等初等数论知识,证明了不定方程5x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)=18y(y+1)(y+2)(y+3)仅有4组非平凡整数解(x,y)=(6, 4),(-9, 4),(6,-7),(-9,-7),同时给出该不定方程的全部整数解,分别为(x,y)=(0, 0),(0,-1),(0,-2),(0,-3),(-1, 0),(-1,-1),(-1,-2),(-1,-3),(-2, 0),(-2,-1),(-2,-2),(-2,-3),(-3, 0),(-3,-1),(-3,-2),(-3,-3),(6, 4),(-9, 4),(6,-7),(-9,-7).     

Predictive models of drought tolerance indices based on physiological,morphological and biochemical markers for the selection of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties

The use of tolerant crop varieties is a strategy that mitigates the water deficit effect in a sustainable way. The generation of these varieties is more efficient when variables associated with this tolerance have been identified, since they can facilitate the breeding processes. This study aimed to establish the relationships between water deficit tolerance of four cotton varieties (Nevada-123, Oasis-129, Guatapuri, and Festivalle) and morphological variables (monopodial branches, boll weight, root/shoot ratio, and leaf and root dry matter), physiological variables (relative water content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching, photochemical efficiency of PSII, chlorophyll a/b ratio (Chl a/b), C¹²/C¹³ isotope ratio, and electrolyte leakage), and biochemical variables (contents of sugars, proline, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde). Furthermore, calibrated predictive models of the drought tolerance indices were developed based on the key variables identified. For this purpose, a pot experiment was established where plants were subjected to a moderate or severe water deficit during the blooming stage for 12 days. The stress tolerance index (STI) and mean productivity (MP) were calculated. For the evaluated variables, the differences between well-watered and water deficit plants (Δ) were calculated and ANOVA, partial least squares, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyzes were performed. A model was generated that explained 95% of the STI and was composed of Δmalondialdehyde, Δproline, and Δboll weight. For MP, the model was comprised of Δstomatal conductance, Δroot/shoot ratio, and ΔChl a/b, and explained 89% of the MP. The analysis of the assessed variables allowed the identification of key variables and the development of calibrated predictive models that can be used in screening to obtain cotton varieties with different levels of water deficit tolerance.     

Methodology for measuring fAPAR in crops using a combination of active optical and linear irradiance sensors: a case study in Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)

The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 0.4–0.7 μm) absorbed by plants for photosynthesis relative to incident radiation is defined as the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR). This is an important variable in both plant biomass production and plant growth modeling. This study investigates the application of a newly developed, linear irradiance sensor (LightScout Quantum Bar Sensor, LightScout, Spectrum Technologies, Inc. USA), to quantify fAPAR for a demonstrator crop, Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). A protocol was devised for sensor placement to determine reflected PAR components of fAPAR and to determine the optimal time of day and sensor orientation for data collection. Coincident, top of canopy, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements were also acquired with a CropCircle? ACS-210 sensor and measurements correlated with derived fAPAR values. The optimum height of the linear irradiance sensor above soil or plant canopy was found to be 0.4 m while measuring reflected PAR. Measurement of fAPAR was found to be stable when conducted within 1 h of local solar noon in order to avoid significant bidirectional effects resulting from diurnal changes of leaf orientation relative to the vertically-placed sensor. In the row crop studied, averaging fAPAR readings derived from the linear irradiance sensor orientated across and along the plant row provided an R² = 0.81 correlation with above-canopy NDVI. Across row sensor orientation also gave a similar correlation of R² = 0.76 allowing the user to reduce sampling time.     

Seasonal Variation of Moisture Availability at Water-wind Erosion Crisscross Region in Northern Loess Plateau China

The objectives of the current study were to estimate evapotranspiration（ET） over the grassland and assess seasonal variation of moisture availability at the wind-water erosion crisscross region in the northern Loess Plateau of China. The Liudaogou Catchment which has the representative climatic and hydrological characteristics of the wind-water erosion crisscross region was chosen as the study location. The reference crop evapotranspiration（ET 0） was estimated by Penmen method, which was recommended by FAO56 and the evapotranspiration over the grassland（ET） was estimated by Penmen-Monteith equation using the observed meteorological data with time unit of 1 h. The soil moisture availability factor was defined by m a =ET/ET 0. The calculated results for 2006 indicated that the total ET 0 was slightly more than the total yearly precipitation and ET accounted for 37 % of that, ET increased distinctly after the intensive rainfall event in the rainy season. Most of the m a was less than 0.4 and its annual mean was 0.34. It was expected that the results provided a basis for studies on dynamic functional analysis of soil moisture, relationship between soil water and crop growth at the wind-water erosion crisscross region in the northern Loess Plateau.