氨基酸平衡的低蛋白和杂粕日粮对蛋鸡粪中臭味物质含量的影响

研究了以可消化氨基酸为基础配制的5种日粮对蛋鸡粪中吲哚、粪臭素和挥发氨等臭气化合物含量的影响。结果表明:应用氨基酸平衡的低蛋白日粮饲喂蛋鸡,鸡粪中吲哚、粪臭素和粪氨含量比对照组分别降低了37.98%、42.61%和53.95%,比玉米-棉粕-菜籽粕组分别降低了64.38%、76.84%和69.91%,差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);用菜籽粕和棉菜籽粕日粮饲喂的蛋鸡,粪中有机酸含量高于大豆粕日粮(P<0.05),说明杂粕日粮虽然对蛋鸡生产性能影响不大,也降低了饲料成本,但同大豆粕日粮相比,粪中臭味物质的排放量大大增加。     

不同蛋白源对爱拔益家肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

【目的】研究饲料中不同蛋白源对爱拔益家肉鸡(AA肉鸡)的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。【方法】将480只1日龄的AA肉仔鸡随机分为4个试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只,试验周期共42 d。试验期间自由采食饮水,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组分别以饲喂5％发酵棉粕、发酵菜籽粕及混合发酵棉粕(2.5％)和菜籽粕(2.5％)替代对照组中的豆粕。【结果】与对照组相比,21日龄和42日龄发酵棉粕-菜籽粕组试验鸡的体重分别升高3.54％和4.52％,差异显著(P<0.05)。与发酵棉粕组、发酵菜籽粕组相比,发酵棉粕-菜籽粕组的试验鸡体重分别显著增加4.67％和3.96％(P<0.05)。1~42日龄,与对照组相比,发酵棉粕-菜籽粕试验组的平均日增重显著增加4.63％(P<0.05);与发酵棉粕组和发酵菜籽粕组相比,发酵棉粕-菜籽粕组分别升高4.76％和4.05％,差异显著(P<0.05)。与发酵棉粕组相比,发酵棉粕-菜籽粕组的腹脂率显著降低14.68％(P<0.05)。【结论】发酵棉粕-菜籽粕组试验鸡会显著提高肉鸡的平均日增重、体重、屠宰率及血清中的谷草转氨酶的含量,但对其他指标无影响。日粮中添加5％的混合发酵棉粕-菜籽粕的效果优于单一添加使用。     

木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡饲料代谢能的影响

为研究木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡不同类型日粮的代谢能值的影响,将细菌性内切木聚糖酶,酶A,活性5 000 IU/g和活性各为2 500 IU/g的真菌性外切糖酶和细菌性内切酶的复合木聚糖酶,酶B,分别添加到代谢能为12.13MJ/kg的6种类型日粮中,试验结果表明:在肉仔鸡1~3周龄,酶A显著提高玉米豆粕棉粕和玉米小麦豆粕菜粕型日粮的表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME),酶B显著提高除玉米小麦豆粕型日粮外其他类型日粮的AME与TME(P<0.05)。在肉仔鸡4~6周龄,2种木聚糖酶都提高了玉米小麦豆粕和玉米小麦豆粕棉粕型日粮的AME和TME(P<0.10)。前期,酶A在玉米豆粕棉粕和玉米小麦豆粕菜粕型日粮中效果显著,1 000 IU酶A代谢能0.62~0.68 MJ/kg,酶B在除玉米小麦豆粕型日粮外的其他类型日粮中效果均显著,1 000 IU的代谢能为0.41~2.01 MJ/kg;后期,2种木聚糖酶在玉米小麦豆粕和玉米小麦豆粕棉粕型日粮中效果显著,1 000 IU酶A的代谢能为0.34~0.53 MJ/kg,1 000 IU酶B的代谢能为0.38~0.54 MJ/kg。     

发酵棉粕和普通棉粕替代豆粕对猪生长性能的影响

选用〔(65±2)d〕的杜×长×大三元杂交阉公猪进行生长期(65～130 d)和育肥期(131～162 d)两个阶段试验,通过在猪生长育肥期日粮中以不同比例的普通棉粕和发酵棉粕替代豆粕,探讨在猪日粮中普通棉粕和发酵棉粕适宜的添加用量。生长期供试仔猪随机分为5个组,每个组10头。分别饲喂含豆粕日粮(对照组),5%或10%普通棉粕替代豆粕日粮(试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组),10%或15%发酵棉粕替代豆粕日粮(试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组)。在育肥期,对照组继续饲喂豆粕日粮外,试验Ⅰ组至Ⅳ组各随机分为两个处理组,其中一组继续使用棉粕日粮,另外一组改用豆粕日粮。试验结果显示,与对照组相比,普通棉粕替代豆粕的比例达到5%时,猪的日增重有下降趋势;达10%时可显著降低猪的日增重和饲料报酬(P0.05);发酵棉粕替代豆粕的比例达到15%时对猪生长育肥期的生长性能尚无显著不良影响(P0.05),可以降低单位增重饲料成本;生长期使用棉粕而在育肥期停用棉粕与全期使用棉粕相比,对猪在育肥期的生长有增加趋势,并且具有单位增重饲料成本低的优势。     

肉仔鸡饲料原料代谢能的测定

试验选用22日龄爱拔益加商品代肉仔鸡192只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复(公母各4个重复),每个重复6只鸡,分别饲喂以玉米、豆粕、棉粕、菜粕为基础原料配制的4种日粮.收集部分排泄物,测定玉米、豆粕、棉粕、菜粕的AME和AMEn.结果表明:豆粕和棉粕中,公鸡的AMEn显著高于母鸡(P＜0.05);试鸡性别对玉米和菜粕的AME和AMEn无显著影响(P＞0.05);玉米、豆粕、棉粕、菜粕AME和AMEn利用率在公母鸡间差异不显著(P＞0.05),公鸡AME和AMEn利用率在数值上有高于母鸡的趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).28日龄肉仔鸡玉米、豆粕、棉粕、菜粕的AME分别是14.82、12.10、11.17、9.79 MJ/kg.AMEn分别是14.80、11.81、10.81、9.60MJ/kg.     

纤维素酶添加量与中性洗涤纤维体外降解率的关系

通过体外降解方法测定添加纤维素酶在玉米-豆粕-麸皮、玉米-豆粕-DDGS、玉米-豆粕-杂粕型饲粮中对饲料中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率的影响.结果表明:添加纤维素酶可以显著提高中性洗涤纤维的降解率;饲粮中不同NDF含量与纤维素酶添加量及NDF降解率之间存在极显著的二元二次回归关系,当纤维素酶添加量为3000IU.kg-1时,NDF降解率达到最高,相对于不加酶组,玉米-豆粕-麸皮型饲粮的NDF降解率提高5.6%,玉米-豆粕-DDGS的NDF降解率提高3.7%,玉米-豆粕-杂粕型的NDF降解率提高3.16%.     

膨化菜子对肉鸡生产性能的影响

通过肉鸡“全收粪法”体内消化代谢试验和“两步”体外消化代谢试验,检测分析菜子经膨化后的营养特点,并配制肉鸡生长期(21～42日龄)日粮,与玉米-豆粕型日粮、玉米-菜粕型日粮进行生长对比试验,以试验鸡生长性能、血液生化指标、脏器指数为参数,分析膨化菜子作为肉鸡饲料资源的特点.研究结果表明,菜子经膨化后,粗脂肪、粗蛋白质消化率大幅度提高.生长试验表明,玉米-豆粕-膨化菜子日粮组与玉米-豆粕日粮组相比,平均日采食量增加了6.84％、平均日增重增加了8.16％、料肉比下降了1.26％;与玉米-菜粕日粮组相比,平均日采食量增加了3.30％、平均日增重增加了6％、料肉比下降了2.60％.本试验结果表明,膨化菜子可以作为一种优质的高能蛋白饲料来配制肉鸡生长期日粮.     

征稿

试验旨在评定日粮组成对断奶仔猪(体重为9~24kg)色氨酸需要量的影响。参照CVB(1996)和NRC(1998)中10~20kg体重的仔猪对色氨酸的需要量,拟定了两个无色氨酸的基础日粮:一个以玉米和豆粕为基础日粮;另一个以小麦、大麦、豆粕、豌豆和乳清粉为基础日粮,其中赖氨酸回肠表观消化率(AID)为10.0g·kg-1;色氨酸回肠表观消化率为1.4g·kg-1;色氨酸标准回肠消化率(SID)为1.5g·kg-1。在两个基础日粮中每1kg分别添加0.3,0.6,0.9gL-色氨酸,使日粮中色氨酸的AID分别达到1.7,2.0和2.3g·kg-(1SID为1.8,2.1和2.4g·kg-1)。8个处理中每个处理设定8个重复(每个圈中8头公猪或母猪)。测定平均日采食量、日增重和G:F作为反应的指标。试验28d后,在小麦-大麦日粮组和玉米-豆粕日粮组的比较中以及色氨酸水平增加的不同组的比较中,平均日增重和G:F均显著增加(P<0.05),平均日增重仅随着色氨酸水平的增加而提高(P<0.05)。增加色氨酸水平会显著增加玉米-豆粕日粮组日采食量中的回肠表观可消化赖氨酸(Lys)2.3g·kg-(1回肠标准可消化Lys2...     

4种植物蛋白对凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫和体成分的影响

在使用30%鱼粉的基础上,分别添加27%豆粕、24%花生粕、24%棉粕、31%菜粕,以一高鱼粉组(含鱼粉46%)和商品饲料作参照,挑选初均重(0.60±0.02)g凡纳滨对虾,在室内养殖系统中饲养8周后,比较4种植物蛋白对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和非特异性免疫指标的影响.结果表明:(1)豆粕组、花生粕组南美白对虾的生长性能与鱼粉组和商品饲料无显著差异(P>0.05);棉粕组对虾生长显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),与商品饲料差异不显著(P>0.05);菜粕组对虾生长最差,显著低于其余各试验组(P<0.05).(2)4种植物蛋白组与鱼粉组相比,对虾血清蛋白含量、血清PO活性、血清和肝胰腺的SOD活性均没有显著的差异(P>0.05).而菜粕组血清PO活性显著低于商品料和豆粕组(P<0.05);棉粕组肝胰腺CAT活性与菜粕组和商品饲料存在显著差异(P0.05),但显著高于商品饲料(P<0.05).(3)4种植物蛋白对对虾肌肉干物质、粗蛋白含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),而菜粕组肌肉脂肪含量却较鱼粉组、豆粕组和棉粕组均显著降低(P<0.05).     

小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮中木聚糖体外酶解的研究

采用体外模拟仔猪胃肠道环境的方法,用不同比例(0%¹00%)的小麦替代玉米-豆粕(65∶25)型日粮中的玉米,并添加不同水平(0100%)的小麦替代玉米-豆粕(65∶25)型日粮中的玉米,并添加不同水平(0¹0000 U/kg)的木聚糖酶,研究了小麦-玉米-豆粕型日粮中木聚糖的体外酶解。结果表明:在3种饲料原料中,小麦可溶性木聚糖含量最高,豆粕次之,玉米最低;随着日粮组合中小麦替代玉米比例的增加,日粮中可溶性木聚糖含量和总木聚糖含量均逐渐增加;各日粮组合中适宜的木聚糖酶添加水平均为6000 U/kg;以1/4玉米-3/4小麦-豆粕日粮组合较佳。     

日粮中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比对断奶犊牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响

[目的]研究日粮中不同赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比例对断奶犊牛生长性能、消化代谢的影响.[方法]选取24头健康的荷斯坦断奶犊牛,按体重和出生时间随机分为4组,限量饲喂4种不同日粮,即对照组日粮(粗蛋白为14.67%),3种赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比例分别为2.5:1、3.0:1和3.5:1的日粮(粗蛋白为12.02%),试验期为8周.在试验...     

降铜对植酸酶在断奶仔猪饲粮中应用的影响

【目的】为加快仔猪生长和提高饲粮消化率,仔猪饲粮中常常同时添加高剂量铜和植酸酶,但高铜对植酸酶的作用究竟有何影响却仍鲜见报道。研究高铜饲粮中添加植酸酶对仔猪营养物质消化率、生产性能、粪铜和粪磷排放的影响,以及降低铜的添加量对植酸酶作用的影响。【方法】试验选取180头体重9-10 kg长×大二元杂交仔猪,随机分成3组,每组5栏,每栏12头猪,分别饲喂3种试验饲粮中的一种。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,其营养水平达到或超过NRC(1998)相应阶段猪营养需要量。组1为对照组,饲粮铜添加量为180 mg·kg^-1（硫酸铜）,不添加植酸酶;组2和组3为植酸酶试验组,添加500 IU·kg^-1植酸酶,组2和3饲粮铜添加量分别为 180和120 mg·kg^-1（硫酸铜）。试验预试期3 d,正试期3 w,试验期间仔猪自由采食和饮水,记录采食量,观察腹泻情况,计算试验期间平均日采食量、日增重、料重比和腹泻频率。试验结束前连续3 d以栏为重复单位采集部分新鲜粪样,每100 g新鲜粪样加10 mL的10%乙醇,-20℃保存待测。以酸不溶灰分为参照内标,测定计算营养物质消化率和矿物质表观消化率。【结果】（1）高铜仔猪饲粮中添加植酸酶可使磷表观消化率提高21.12%（组2与组1相比,P＜0.01）,粪磷含量降低4.41%（P=0.09）,腹泻频率降低19.22%（P=0.35）,添加植酸酶对干物质和蛋白表观消化率,采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响。（2）两个植酸酶试验组相比,当铜添加量由180 mg·kg^-1降低到120 mg·kg^-1时,钙、磷表观消化率分别提高13.74%和9.79%（组3与组2相比,P=0.02和P=0.01）,粪磷含量降低18.86%（P＜0.01）,腹泻频率降低25.24%（P=0.25）,降铜对干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率、采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响。（3）与高铜无植酸酶组相比,减少铜添加量并且添加植酸酶,可使饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白、钙和磷表观消化率分别提高1.80%、2.84%、17.20%和32.98%（组3与组1相比,P=0.02,P=0.04,P＜0.01和P＜0.01）,腹泻频率降低39.6%（P=0.04）。【结论】现有试验表明,在添加植酸酶的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中,将铜（硫酸铜形式）添加量从180 mg·kg^-1 减少到120 mg·kg^-1可以显著减少铜对植酸酶的干扰,提高饲粮钙、磷表观消化率,降低粪铜和粪磷含量。     

Effectiveness of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages(15 broilers per cage) for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate(feed/gain, F/G) during days 22–42 and 1–42(P0.03), drip loss in thigh muscle(P=0.02), and duodenal crypt depth(P=0.005) on day 42, but had no effect(P0.05) on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest(P0.05) F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly(P=0.003) as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased(P0.05) at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.     

低鱼粉饲料中添加微囊氨基酸和蛋白酶对凡纳滨对虾生长、营养物质利用和消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在探究低鱼粉饲料中添加微囊氨基酸和蛋白酶对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、营养物质利用、消化酶活性的影响。试验设计5组等氮等能饲料:鱼粉含量20%的正对照组、鱼粉含量15%的负对照组(豆粕等蛋白替代鱼粉)、在负对照饲料中分别添加微囊赖氨酸(500 mg/kg)、蛋氨酸(900 mg/kg)(达到正对照饲料一致水平),175 mg/kg蛋白酶,微囊赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和175 mg/kg蛋白酶,饲喂初始体质量为(2.96±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾6周。结果表明:正对照组具有最大增重率和最低饲料系数,而负对照组的增重率最低,饲料系数最高;在负对照饲料中补充氨基酸、蛋白酶后,有提高增重率和降低饲料系数趋势(P0.05);同时补充氨基酸和蛋白酶后,虾体增重率提高11.5%,饲料系数降低0.18(P0.05),显著提高了蛋白质沉积率、干物质和粗蛋白消化率。全虾水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量,虾体粗脂肪沉积率和肝胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性在各组均无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在含15%鱼粉的饲料中单独补充900 mg/kg微囊蛋氨酸、500 mg/kg微囊赖氨酸或175 mg/kg蛋白酶,对凡纳滨对虾生长的改善不显著,联合添加微囊氨基酸和蛋白酶可显著提高虾体生长性能和营养物质利用率。     

Effects of Dietary Net Energy Density and Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine: Net Energy Ratio on the Performance and Carcass Characteristic of Growing Finishing Pigs Fed Low Crude Protein Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids Diets

Two 3x3 factorial design trials with 1 080 of Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc barrows were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary net energy (NE) density and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine:NE ratio on the performance of growingfinishing pigs and carcass characteristic of finishing pigs fed low crude protein (CP) supplemented with crystalline amino acids (CAA) diets. Low CP corn-soybean meal basal diets (14% for Exp. 1 and 11% for Exp. 2) supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan were formulated. Nine treatments with increasing NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were used in each trial (Exp. 1: 9.66, 9.87, and 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.89, 0.96, and 1.03 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE; Exp. 2: 9.83, 10.04, and 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.69, 0.76, and 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE). In Exp. 1, we observed that the average daily gain (ADG) for barrows that received the diet containing 9.87 MJ kg-1 NE was significantly higher than that of barrows fed a 9.66 MJ kg-1 NE diet (P＜0.05), but no difference was observed when compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE (P＞0.05). The ADG was affected both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) as the SID lysine:NE ratio increased. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) (P＞0.05). The feed to gain ratio (F:G) decreased (linearly,P＜0.05;quadratically, P＜0.05) as the NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio increased, but no interaction of NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio on the F:G. In Exp. 2, the dietary NE density both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) affected the ADGand F:G. Barrows that received a diet containing 10.04 MJ kg-1 NE had a greater ADG (P＜0.05) than barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet, but there was no difference (P＞0.05) as compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE. F:G was significantly higher (P＜0.05) for barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet when compared with barrows that received the other two diets. The ADG was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) for pigs that received a diet containing 0.69 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio when compared with pigs fed a diet containing 0.76 or 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake, SUN, and carcass characteristic for finishing barrows (P＞0.05). The overall results of the two experiments indicated that barrows that received the diet with the dietary CP level reduced 4 percentage units compared the NRC (1998) recommendations.Maximized the best performance with NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were 9.87 MJ kg-1, 1.03 g MJ-1 NE for 20-50 kg pigs, and 10.04 MJ kg-1, 0.76 g MJ-1 NE for 60-100 kg pigs, respectively.     

Effect of graded levels of fiber from alfalfa meal on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of growing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of fiber level from alfalfa meal and sampling time on the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of amino acids(AA) in growing pigs. A total of 24 ileal-cannulated pigs(Duroc×(Large White×Landrace) with body weight(21.4±1.5) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. The pigs were provided a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during two 10-d experimental periods. The AID of AA was measured. Six ileal-cannulated pigs were fed a protein-free diet in order to estimate the endogenous protein losses and SID of AA. Ileal AA digestibility was not affected by inclusion of 5 or 10% alfalfa meal in the diet(P0.05). The AID of His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Asp, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser and Tyr reduced by 2.0–6.8% with the addition level of alfalfa meal(linear, P0.05). The SID of His, Lys, Ser, Thr and Tyr decreased by 2.2–4.3% as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased(linear, P0.05). The AID and SID of AA were not affected by the sampling time(P0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both the soluble and insoluble fiber content in the diets, explained more than 36% of variation in SID of Ser and Thr(P0.05). In conclusion, the corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% of alfalfa meal did not affect ileal AA digestion. The AID and SID of AA were similar between two sampling times. Increasing the concentration of total dietary fiber from 12.3 to 21.4% by adding graded levels of alfalfa meal(0–20%) to a corn-soybean meal control diet induced a linear reduction in AID and SID of most AA. Soluble and insoluble fibers from alfalfa meal have differential roles in the AA digestion, which may help explain the variation observed in the SID of partial AA. These findings would provide important information for dietary fiber level and composition related to AA digestion.     

日粮中添加有机铬对肉仔鸡血液生化指标和腹脂率的影响

【目的】比较2种有机铬源(吡啶羧酸铬和柠檬酸铬)及其不同添加水平对肉仔鸡血液生化指标和腹脂率的影响,为有机铬在生产中的应用提供依据。【方法】选取1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡450只,随机分为5组(共5个处理),每组3个重复,每个重复30只。对照组按"NRC肉鸡标准推荐量"标准饲喂基础日粮,4个试验组分别饲喂添加0.25和0.50mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬及0.25和0.50mg/kg柠檬酸铬的日粮,试验期为42d。分别于28日龄和42日龄翅静脉采血,分离血清进行血清生化指标(血糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白)的测定。【结果】试验前期(1～28日龄),日粮中添加低浓度(0.25mg/kg)柠檬酸铬组肉仔鸡的血糖浓度显著低于添加高浓度(0.50mg/kg)柠檬酸铬组(P0.05);添加高浓度(0.50mg/kg)吡啶羧酸铬组肉仔鸡总蛋白含量显著高于添加高浓度(0.50mg/kg)柠檬酸铬组和对照组(P0.05);添加低浓度吡啶羧酸铬组肉仔鸡血液中高密度脂蛋白浓度显著高于添加高浓度柠檬酸铬组(P0.05)。试验后期(29～42日龄),日粮中添加高浓度柠檬酸铬组肉仔鸡血糖浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),添加低浓度吡啶羧酸铬组肉仔鸡甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】肉仔鸡生长前期日粮中添加0.25mg/kg柠檬酸铬可显著降低肉仔鸡血糖浓度(P0.05);添加0.50mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬可显著提高总蛋白含量(P0.05);后期日粮中添加0.50mg/kg柠檬酸铬可显著降低肉仔鸡血糖浓度(P0.05),添加0.25mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬对甘油三酯有显著影响(P0.05)。日粮中添加两种铬后,肉仔鸡的腹脂率在生长前期有所降低,而后期又呈增高趋势。     

不同蛋白水平日粮对生长猪生长性能的影响

选用４８头（公母各半）体重约２３ｋｇ３元杂交猪,采用单因子８重复随机分组试验,比较两种蛋白水平日粮（１７％和１４％）对生长猪生长性能的影响。每个重复３头为一栏,每栏猪性别相同。日粮类型为玉米豆饼型,其赖氨酸、色氨酸和苏氨酸都满足了ＮＲＣ（１９８８）要求。结果表明,日增重不论是高蛋白组还是低蛋白组,都是公猪高于母猪（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且饲料转化率各组间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在生长速度方面,低蛋白组还要快于高蛋白组。结果提示,低蛋白日粮不影响生长速度,对饲料转化率也无不良影响。由于不同性别猪对日粮蛋白水平的反应不同,生产中根据性别来配制不同蛋白水平日粮可能更为经济。     

谷物——菜籽饼饲粮平衡氨基酸对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

选用长白×雅南杂交生长猪60头,探讨以菜籽饼作为主要蛋白质补充料,改善饲粮氨基酸平衡对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响及蛋白质节约效果。试验1,在谷物—菜籽饼(G—RSM)饲粮(CP前期14％,后期13％)中添加4个水平的赖氨酸。试验2,在低蛋白(低二个百分点)G—RSM饲粮中,添加4个水平的赖氨酸和一个水平的赖氨酸+蛋氨酸。两个试验均以谷物—豆饼饲粮(CP前期14％,后期13％)作对照。结果表明: G—RSM饲粮中,添加适量的赖氨酸,前期(35—55kg)生长肥育猪生产性能显著提高(P<0.05),后期(55—90kg)有改善趋势。保证充足的有效赖氨酸供给,生长肥育猪饲喂G—RSM饲粮可取得接近于相同蛋白水平谷物—豆饼饲粮的生产性能。低蛋白G—RSM饲粮,平衡氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸)后,对生长肥育猪生产性能无不良影响。血浆尿素氮下降,每公斤体增重所耗蛋白减少,具有明显的节约蛋白质效果。验证试验表明,低蛋白水平下的G—RSM日粮较标准蛋白水平下的G—RSM日粮更有利于氨基酸平衡效应的发挥。低蛋白(低二至三个百分点)G—RSM饲粮平衡赖氨酸和蛋氨酸是合理利用菜籽饼蛋白的有效途径。有效赖氮酸是衡量G—RSM饲粮中蛋白质质量的更好指标。     

大口黑鲈饲料中2种植物性蛋白质混合物替代鱼粉的研究

为了探讨在大口黑鲈饲料中去皮豆粕分别与玉米蛋白和大米蛋白组成的2种植物性蛋白质混合物替代鱼粉的可行性,分别于含45%和30%鱼粉的配方中配比上述2种植物性蛋白质混合物,配制成4种等氮等能的饲料。用上述饲料饲养初始体质量为(58.69±0.07)g的大口黑鲈53 d。结果显示:30%鱼粉组的终末体质量和特定生长率显著高于45%鱼粉组(P0.05),而饲料效率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质消化率和氨基酸消化率之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。玉米蛋白组的饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于大米蛋白组(P0.05),而摄食量显著低于大米蛋白组(P0.05)。全鱼和肌肉的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。30%鱼粉组的血清溶菌酶活性和血清蛋白含量显著高于45%鱼粉组(P0.05),而玉米蛋白组和大米蛋白组对血清溶菌酶活性和血清蛋白含量的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。红细胞数和红细胞压积各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。本研究表明,去皮豆粕分别与玉米蛋白和大米蛋白组成的植物性蛋白质混合物可以使大口黑鲈饲料中的鱼粉含量由45%降至30%;去皮豆粕与玉米蛋白组成的植物性蛋白质混合物的替代效果优于去皮豆粕与大米蛋白组成的植物性蛋白质混合物。