大口黑鲈饲料中2种植物性蛋白质混合物替代鱼粉的研究

为了探讨在大口黑鲈饲料中去皮豆粕分别与玉米蛋白和大米蛋白组成的2种植物性蛋白质混合物替代鱼粉的可行性,分别于含45%和30%鱼粉的配方中配比上述2种植物性蛋白质混合物,配制成4种等氮等能的饲料。用上述饲料饲养初始体质量为(58.69±0.07)g的大口黑鲈53 d。结果显示:30%鱼粉组的终末体质量和特定生长率显著高于45%鱼粉组(P0.05),而饲料效率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质消化率和氨基酸消化率之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。玉米蛋白组的饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于大米蛋白组(P0.05),而摄食量显著低于大米蛋白组(P0.05)。全鱼和肌肉的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。30%鱼粉组的血清溶菌酶活性和血清蛋白含量显著高于45%鱼粉组(P0.05),而玉米蛋白组和大米蛋白组对血清溶菌酶活性和血清蛋白含量的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。红细胞数和红细胞压积各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。本研究表明,去皮豆粕分别与玉米蛋白和大米蛋白组成的植物性蛋白质混合物可以使大口黑鲈饲料中的鱼粉含量由45%降至30%;去皮豆粕与玉米蛋白组成的植物性蛋白质混合物的替代效果优于去皮豆粕与大米蛋白组成的植物性蛋白质混合物。

Study on replacement of fish meal by two plant protein mixtures in diets for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to evaluate the feasibility of partial replacement of fish meal by two plant protein mixtures (composed by dehulled soybean meal with corn gluten meal and rice protein meal, respectively) in 45% fish meal diet and 30% fish meal diet of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish initial body weight (58.69±0.07) g] were fed over 53 days. The results suggested that there were no significant differences in survival rate among all treatments (P>0.05). 30% fish meal diets-fed fish showed higher final body weight, specific growth rate and feed intake than 45% fish meal diets-fed fish (P<0.05), while feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein digestibility and total amino acid digestibility between 30% fish meal diets-fed fish and 45% fish meal diets-fed fish showed no significant differences (P>0.05). The fish fed corn gluten meal diets had a significantly higher in feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency rate than those fish fed rice protein meal diets (P<0.05), however, feed intake in fish fed corn gluten meal diets was significantly lower than those fish fed rice protein meal diets (P<0.05). It showed no significant differences in crude protein, crude lipid, moisture and ash of the whole body and muscle among all the treatments (P>0.05). The fish fed 30% fish meal diets had a significantly higher serum lysozyme activity and serum protein content than those fish fed 45% fish meal diets (P<0.05), but no significance between corn gluten meal diets-fed fish and rice protein meal diets-fed fish (P>0.05). It was observed that no significant differences in red blood cell count and hematocrit among all the treatments (P>0.05). It can be concluded from this study that content of fish meal in the diet can be replaced from 45% to 30% by mixing dehulled soybean meal with corn gluten meal or rice protein meal in diet of largemouth bass. The mixtures containing corn gluten meal have a better substitution effect than the mixtures containing rice protein meal.