Colony defense by africanized and European honey bees

Africanized and European honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations showed quantitative differences in colony defensive behavior. Africanized bees responded faster and in much larger numbers than European honey bees and produced 8.2 and 5.9 times as many stings during two different experiments. Times to react to alarming stimuli were negatively correlated with the number of bees responding and to the total number of stings. The number of bees responding was significantly correlated to the total number of stings only for the Africanized population.     

Hybridization between European and africanized honey bees in the neotropical yucatan peninsula

A population genetic analysis of honey bees of the Mexican neotropical Yucatan peninsula shows that the range expansion of Africanized bees there has involved extensive introgressive hybridization with European bees. Yucatan honey bee populations now include many colonies with intermediate morphologies. Genotypes of mitochondria have disassociated from historically correlated Africanized or European morphology, producing diverse phenotypic associations. This suggests that the size of resident European populations may be important in explaining previously reported asymmetrical hybridization. Evidence of natural hybridization is encouraging for the use of genetic management to mitigate the effects of Africanized bees in the United States.     

Male reproductive parasitism: a factor in the africanization of European honey-bee populations

Africanized drone honey bees (Apis mellifera) migrate into European honey-bee colonies in large numbers, but Africanized colonies only rarely host drones from other colonies. This migration leads to a strong mating advantage for Africanized bees since it both inhibits European drone production and enhances Africanized drone production.     

蜂群中饲喂蜂王的工蜂亚家庭组成分析

蜜蜂是一种资源共享性强、社会分工精确度高且信息交流高度结构化的社会性群体。蜂群中,蜂王的交配方式是"一雌多雄",因此蜂群是由多个"同母异父"的亚家庭组成。研究表明,蜂群内这种"同母异父"的亚家庭结构,可以显著影响蜜蜂内在的部分社会分工。本研究以西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)为实验材料,从3群自然蜂群中各取样94只饲喂蜂王的工蜂和原蜂王,利用4对微卫星引物对样本进行个体基因型分析。分析得出了亚家庭总数分别为13、13和21的3群蜂群,结果表明:饲喂蜂王的工蜂的亚家庭组成并无亚家庭专属现象,即蜂王会接受各个亚家庭的适龄工蜂的饲喂。     

RAPD分子标记在蜜蜂遗传育种中的应用

RAPD分子标记在蜜蜂遗传育种中得到较广泛应用 .利用 RAPD分子遗传标记 ,估测蜜蜂性别决定位点 (x)与低幼虫存活率位点的标记序列位置 (STS)之间的遗传距离为 1 .6c M;构建了蜜蜂 (Apismellifera)遗传连锁图 ,确定了蜜蜂性基因位点 (x)、黑色体色基因位点 (blk)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (Mdh-1 )位点分别位于第 3、6、1 8个连锁群 ;确定了影响蜜蜂采粉、报警信息素水平、螫刺行为和体长等数量性状的基因座位 ;筛选出 5种引物 ,这些引物所扩增的 RAPD标记可作为鉴别欧洲蜜蜂和非洲蜜蜂 (A. mellifera L.)的分子标记 .蜜蜂高产性状 RAPD标记的研究已取得一定进展     

蜂产业主要害螨种类及贵州蜜蜂资源保护探讨

狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor是蜂蜜生产重要的害螨,其防治一直是无公害蜂蜜产业的难题。贵州省蜂蜜产业规模大,意大利蜜蜂饲养占一定比例,而其害螨研究报道较少。论文总结了蜜蜂主要相关螨类的种类主要研究现状,总结出防治害螨是蜜蜂驯化种群科学管理和蜜蜂野生种群保护的关键因素,以期为贵州省蜂蜜产业和蜜蜂保护提供资料。     

贵州仁怀斯氏蜜蜂茧蜂研究

调查发现,在贵州仁怀野外常有斯氏蜜蜂茧蜂快速攻击野生和家养中蜂,并在中蜂体内产卵,中蜂返巢后,体内已有斯氏蜜蜂茧蜂的卵.观察发现,斯氏蜜蜂茧蜂可在野生和家养中蜂巢内完成世代发育.对贵州仁怀斯氏蜜蜂茧蜂(标本)与印度产斯氏蜜蜂茧蜂(电镜照片)形态进行比较,发现并无形态上的差异.由于中蜂起源于中国西南地区,估计印度北部的斯...     

甘肃河西蜜蜂就地室外越冬的研究

连续四年蜜蜂就地室外越冬的试验研究表明:只要王好、群强、蜜足、安静,适时喂越冬饲料,适时适当的内外包装,蜜蜂就地室外越冬是成功的。损失率和下降率可以分别控制在10％和30％左右。3月下旬开始繁蜂,能达到及时授粉的要求。每群收蜜35—40公斤,繁蜂1:10—15倍(以脾计)。同时获得了投资少,成本低,方法简便易行,经济效益显著的效果。     

中国的养蜂自然条件和蜜蜂品种

<正> 我国具有有三千多年的养蜂历史。十四世纪就已经出现饲养中蜂的专业户。解放后,我国养蜂生产蓬勃发展。现蜂群数量达到600万群,其中意蜂约占2/3,中蜂约占1/3,此外尚有少量卡尼鄂拉蜜蜂和高加索蜜蜂。现年产蜂蜜10万吨;王浆300余吨。就我们这样一个有10亿人口的国家,以年产蜜10万吨行,全国每人平均只有100克,这远不能满足医药、食品、轻工以及外贸出口的需要。我国虽是养蜂古国,但今天在养蜂科学技术某些领域还是落后的,迫切需要向先进国家学习。     

蜜蜂高产杂交种“华蜂213”和“华蜂414”的选育

 搜集了西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）的8个品系的蜂王作育种素材，选用了其中的4个素材作系祖，通过人工授精的方法，采用母子回交等多种近交系统，建立并保持了4个高纯度的近交系。按蜂王是单交种、工蜂是三交种（或回交种）这一蜂群血统构成形式进行系间杂交和筛选，育出“华蜂213”和“华蜂414”两个高产杂交种。与本地蜜蜂相比，“华蜂213”和“华蜂414”的蜂蜜平均单产分别提高70%左右和10%以上，王浆平均单产分别提高20%左右和60%以上。     

野生无刺蜂(Trigona ventralis Smith)生物学特性及繁养研究初报

无刺蜂是重要的热带植物传粉昆虫之一,为更好地利用野生无刺蜂进行授粉,对其生物学特征及过箱饲养进行了初步的研究,研究结果证明野生无刺蜂可以在北方进行过箱饲养,同时对无刺蜂应用前景进行了展望。     

蜜蜂繁殖性状编码RNA和非编码RNA的研究进展

蜜蜂蜂王的繁殖性状是蜂群产生经济效益的基础性状，繁殖性状的分子机制研究是蜜蜂遗传育种领域的重要课题。在蜜蜂的重要繁殖活动产卵和卵巢激活过程中，编码RNA和非编码RNA发挥了重要作用。介绍了蜜蜂繁殖性状相关的信使RNA、小RNA、长链非编码RNA、环状RNA的基本特征和功能，综述了编码RNA和非编码RNA对蜜蜂卵巢激活和产卵过程的调控机制。蜜蜂繁殖性状RNA的研究对于阐明蜜蜂繁殖性状的分子遗传机制意义重大，也为挖掘繁殖性状分子标记基因、开展分子育种工作，进而提高蜜蜂繁殖性能、增加养蜂经济效益奠定基础。     

Pollution monitoring of puget sound with honey bees

To show that honey bees are effective biological monitors of environmental contaminants over large geographic areas, beekeepers of Puget Sound, Washington, collected pollen and bees for chemical analysis. From these data, kriging maps of arsenic, cadmium, and fluoride were generated. Results, based on actual concentrations of contaminants in bee tissues, show that the greatest concentrations of contaminants occur close to Commencement Bay and that honey bees are effective as large-scale monitors.     

Asynchronous diversification in a specialized plant-pollinator mutualism

Most flowering plants establish mutualistic associations with insect pollinators to facilitate sexual reproduction. However, the evolutionary processes that gave rise to these associations remain poorly understood. We reconstructed the times of divergence, diversification patterns, and interaction networks of a diverse group of specialized orchids and their bee pollinators. In contrast to a scenario of coevolution by race formation, we show that fragrance-producing orchids originated at least three times independently after their fragrance-collecting bee mutualists. Whereas orchid diversification has apparently tracked the diversification of orchids' bee pollinators, bees appear to have depended on the diverse chemical environment of neotropical forests. We corroborated this apparent asymmetrical dependency by simulating co-extinction cascades in real interaction networks that lacked reciprocal specialization. These results suggest that the diversification of insect-pollinated angiosperms may have been facilitated by the exploitation of preexisting sensory biases of insect pollinators.     

Global honey bee viral landscape altered by a parasitic mite

Emerging diseases are among the greatest threats to honey bees. Unfortunately, where and when an emerging disease will appear are almost impossible to predict. The arrival of the parasitic Varroa mite into the Hawaiian honey bee population allowed us to investigate changes in the prevalence, load, and strain diversity of honey bee viruses. The mite increased the prevalence of a single viral species, deformed wing virus (DWV), from ~10 to 100% within honey bee populations, which was accompanied by a millionfold increase in viral titer and a massive reduction in DWV diversity, leading to the predominance of a single DWV strain. Therefore, the global spread of Varroa has selected DWV variants that have emerged to allow it to become one of the most widely distributed and contagious insect viruses on the planet.     

坑、洞饲养中蜂的研究

利用土坑,土洞活底简易中蜂箱活框饲养中蜂,可明显改善箱内生态环境,延迟分蜂热的发生,维持较大的群势,坑内饲养表明可提高产蜜量和蜂群造脾数,并且能有效地抑制巢虫等虫害的活动。     

不同蜂种授粉对洋葱种子产量与质量的影响

[目的]为提高洋葱种子质量与产量。[方法]测定上午、下午洋葱花的泌蜜量、糖浓度,以及上午与下午采集花粉的中蜂、意蜂的数量;测定中蜂采集花粉、意蜂采集花粉、中蜂与意蜂协同采集花粉、对照组（无蜂种采集花粉）的洋葱种子产量。[结果]洋葱花上午泌蜜量多,下午很少甚至不泌蜜;上午采集花粉的蜂种多于下午的。采集花粉的中蜂明显多于意蜂,协同采集的中蜂与意蜂最多。中蜂与意蜂协同授粉,能够提高洋葱种子产量,达1.4891g,意蜂与中蜂单独授粉时,洋葱种子的产量相当。[结论]中蜂与意蜂协同授粉有助于提高洋葱种子质量与产量。     

蜂螨的种类及蜜蜂主要害螨研究进展

蜂螨是一类危害严重的蜜蜂寄生虫。随着蜂螨抗药性的产生和危害的加重,现已引起各国养蜂业的高度重视。本文从4个方面综述了近年来与蜂螨相关的研究进展:①蜂螨的种类;②重要蜜蜂害螨武氏蜂盾螨(Acarapis woodi),狄氏瓦螨(Varroa destructo)和小蜂螨(Tropilaelaps spp.)的分布、生物学特性、危害和防治方法;③与蜂螨相关的蜜蜂信息素研究;④与蜂螨相关的蜜蜂病害研究;并对今后蜂螨的研究趋势和方向进行了讨论。     

熊蜂和苜蓿切叶蜂在网室内对大豆不育系授粉效果的研究

报道了熊蜂和苜蓿切叶蜂在网室内对大豆不育系授粉效果。结果表明,两种昆虫都是大豆不育系的有效传粉昆虫,用它们授粉后可使网室内大豆不育系的单株结荚数和单株粒数明显提高。释放熊蜂的不育系大豆平均单株结荚数和粒数分别为21.3个和43.1粒,释放苜蓿切叶蜂的不育系大豆平均单株结荚数和粒数分别为56.8个和128.2粒,苜蓿切叶蜂的授粉效果显著高于熊蜂。     

Investigation of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) breeds and populations for developing criteria for genetic certification of bees

Data on investigation of honey bee breeds and populations in Russia are given. The structure of populations and genetic diversity of breeds are studied with the use of mtDNA diagnostics. Amplification products with a fragment length from 300 to 1000 bp are obtained in various bee breeds by PCR. The main morphological traits of bees of various origins are given and the parent material for developing criteria for their genetic certification is selected.