根据RAPD标记分析籼型水稻保持系和CMS系的特性

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法提取野败型CMS系珍汕97A和龙得浦A及其它们的保持系珍汕97B和龙得浦B的总DNA。100个引物被用于筛选RAPD标记以区分苗期CMS系(A)和保持系(B)的植株。结果表明在37℃退火温度和1．5mM MgCl2条件下，OPA12引物的扩增产物在珍汕97A和龙得浦A中出现了1600bp DNA片断，而在珍汕97B和龙得浦B中没有发现该片断。     

应用花培技术选育水稻广亲和恢复系

选自杂交组合CPSLO17/明恢63的3个花培系（TG7、 TG8和TG11）,与南京11、IR36（籼）,巴里拉、秋光（粳）等广亲和测验种测交F1结实均正常,表现为优良的广亲和性。对珍汕97A、V20A、红突A（野败型）协青早A（矮败型）,D297A（D型）,Ⅱ—32A（印尼水田谷）等籼型和双百A（BT型）,7627A（滇—Ⅰ型）等粳型不同来源的雄     

水稻优良恢复系明恢63两个恢复基因恢复力的单独评价

野败型细胞质雄性不育系统是选配杂交稻组合广泛应用的主要不育细胞质资源，野败型细胞质雄性不育的育性恢复能力由两个恢复基因控制。以前的研究表明，明恢63具有2个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(μ)，分别位于第1和第10染色体上。为了分别准确估计这两个恢复基因的遗传效应，根据分子标记基因型，从珍汕97／明恢63衍生的241个F9重组自交系群体中选择两个自交系R124和R1183，它们分别含有单个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)，将R124和R1183与珍汕97A杂交，分别得到F1A和F1B，再自交得到F2A和F2B。在武汉和海南分别考察F1的育性，F1A的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为53．4％和60．2％，F1B的自然结实率海南和武汉分别为70．5％和75．7％。而珍汕97A／明恢63的杂种汕优63结实率为81．4％。F2A和F2B群体育性分离均符合1个主基因1：3的孟德尔期望分离比，表明，R124和R1183分别只含有一个恢复基因Rf3和Rf(M)。Rf(M)的效应较大，恢复力强，它单独几乎可以使育性恢复正常。利用标记辅助选择方法，转移两个恢复基因可以快速选育优良恢复系。     

利用水稻幼苗中胚轴长度和芽鞘颜色快速鉴定汕优63种子

1前言“杂交水稻种子纯度直接关系到水稻大田生产的产量,误用纯度低的伪劣种子,往往造成大幅度减产,甚至绝收,种子纯度的高低是种子质量优劣的关键性指标。快速准确地测定种子纯度是种子检验工作的一项重要内容。笔者利用水稻中胚轴长度及芽鞘颜色的高度遗传性,通过多次反复试验比较,发现根据水稻幼苗中胚轴长度及芽鞘颜色可将汕优63杂种与其亲本珍汕97A、珍汕97B、明恢63及大小青操等加以区分。2材料和方法2．1材料汕优63杂交种子、不育系珍汕97A、保持系珍汕97B、恢复系明恢63来自江苏,分别为一级种和原种,大、小青探由人工配制…     

三交水稻的育种研究Ⅲ.三交中晚稻主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传力分析

用4个纯合不育系菲A、中9A、金23A和珍汕97A，4个杂合不育系菲A/协青早B、中9A/协青早B、金23A/协青早B和珍汕97A/协青早B，3个恢复系752、测64-7和优米2号，按8×3 NCⅡ交配设计对16个性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明，所有性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。在播始历期、穗长、千粒重、结实率、有效穗     

三交水稻的育种研究 Ⅱ.三交中晚稻杂种优势的比较研究

用4个纯合不育系菲A、中9A、金23A和珍汕97A，4个杂合不育系菲A/协青早B、中9A/协青早B、金23A/协青早B和珍汕97A/协青早B，3个恢复系752、测64-7和优米2号，按8×3 NCⅡ交配设计配制24个组合。比较研究了三交种的杂种优势及株高和抽穗期的变异程度。结果表明，58.33%的三交种比相应单交种具增产优势，平均增产6.11%。单株产     

稻瘟病菌致病毒素对野败型不育细胞质氧化活性的影响

以水稻同核异质野败型雄性不育系珍汕９７Ａ及其保持系珍汕９７Ｂ为材料，用稻瘟病菌９０－２菌株产生的致病粗毒素浸养处理二叶期黄化幼苗，以探讨专化性致病菌株稻瘟病菌９０－２致病组毒素对野败型雄性不育细胞质呼吸的专化性抑制作用，结果表明，稻瘟病菌９０－２菌株粗毒素对珍汕９７Ａ，９７Ｂ呼吸作用的影响有差异，珍汕９７Ａ的呼吸作用对毒素处理更敏感，受抑制强于珍汕９７Ｂ，并且，未处理的珍汕９７Ｂ匀浆液的呼吸强度一     

我国中籼杂交稻亲本的DNA变异性研究

利用9个随机引物对42个中籼“三系”杂交稻骨干亲本(保持系和恢复系)进行了DNA遗传差异 分析。 结果表明： 恢复系、 保持系遗传多样性小。 恢保间遗传一致性高达0.87, 遗传 距离则为0.1377。 保持系已选育出较多的材料遗传差异超过了珍汕97B, 而恢复系选 育仍 未突破明恢63, 杂交稻遗传差异未明显大于汕优63。 双亲遗传差     

7个籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系异交性能的研究

以7个籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A、G46A、金23A珍汕97A为材料,视珍汕97A为对照,在海南对它们的异交性能进行了研究.结果表明:7个细胞质雄性不育系的颖花开花率从高到低依次为D23A、D63A、D62A、D64A、珍汕97A、金23A、G46A;D62A等6个细胞质雄性不育系的柱头外露率均高于对照珍汕97A;除G46A、金23A外,其余4个的午前花率均比对照珍汕97A高;D62A、D63A、D64A等3个细胞质雄性不育系的平均张颖时间均比对照珍汕97A长,其余三个短于对照珍汕97A.柱头生活力系数大小依次是:对照珍汕97A、D62A、G46A、D63A、D23A、D64A、金23A.异交结实率从高到低的顺序是D62A、D63A、D23A、金23A、D64A、G46A、珍汕97A.     

早籼三系不育系29A的特征特性及应用

29A系江苏沿海地区农科所以珍汕97B与V20B杂交再与珍汕97A回交转育而成的籼型三系野败型不育系,2003年1月通过江苏省农作物品种审定,是江苏省育成的第一个籼型三系不育系.用29A与盐恢559配组育成的新组合29优559综合性状突出,亦于2003年1月通过江苏省农作物品种审定.     

Characterization of CMS and maintainer lines in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on RAPD marker analysis

Total DNA from WA type CMS lines: Zhenshan 97 A, Longtepu A and theirmaintainers Zhenshan 97 B, Longtepu B wasextracted by CTAB method. One hundredprimers were used for screening RAPDmarkers to distinguish CMS line (A) andmaintainer (B) plants at seedling stage.Results showed that under the conditions of37 ^°C annealing temperature and1.5 mM MgCl₂ concentration, in Zhenshan97 A, Longtepu A there was a 1600 bp DNAfragment in product amplified by primerOPA12, while in Zhenshan 97 B, and LongtepuB no 1600 bp fragment was found. The 1600 bpfragment was also found in DA type CMS lineXieqingzao A, but was absent in XieqingzaoB. Also in the restorer line, Minghui 63the 1600 bp fragment was absent. In F₁and F₂ generation of Zhenshan97A/Minghui 63, all plants investigated hadthe 1600 bp fragment. When mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) was isolated from the three CMS (A)and their B lines and amplified by OPA12,results showed that the 1600 fragment wasfound in all the three A lines and wasabsent in the three B lines. In DA typeXieqingzao A, two other fragments (700 bp,1000 bp) were also found except the 1600 bp.These results indicate that the 1600 bpfragment derived from CMS mitochondrial DNAcan be used as a RAPD marker to distinguishA and B plants at seedling stage, and thefragments (700 bp, 1000 bp) can be used todistinguish WA and DA cytoplasms.     

水稻体细胞无性系雄性不育突变

对5个类型的水稻不育系进行了幼穗培养, 在红源A、 包源A和W6154s中, 共获得了10例雄 性不育变异株, 水稻花粉败育可分为无花粉、 典败、 圆败和染败四种类型。 发现了不育 花粉败育类型之间可以相互转换现象。 对雄性不育变异株用一批现有CMS不育系的保持系和恢复系进行测交和回交, 有的变异株其 恢保关系发生了变化,     

Rf-1位点CAPS标记对水稻不同胞质雄性不育育性恢复系的关系分析

水稻育性恢复基因Rf-1是目前水稻上克隆的唯一恢复基因.通过位于Rf-1位点的两个特异性CAPS(cleavable amplified polymorphic sequences)标记对滇I型、野败型、红莲型及BT型恢复系基因型分析,发现这四种不同胞质的恢复系在Rf-1位点具有相同的带型,滇I型的两个保持系具有不同的带型.结果表明这四种不同胞质系统的恢复系均具有Rf-1基因.该结论与从恢复系选育的系谱分析的结果相一致的.     

乙烯与水稻细胞质雄性不育的关系

从幼穗发育的IV到VII期,水稻细胞质雄性不育系(珍汕97A)幼穗和叶片的ACC含量和乙烯释放速率均高于其保持系(珍汕97B)。外施乙烯释放剂乙烯利使保持系花粉可育度明显下降;外施ACC合成酶抑制剂AVG引起两系幼穗ACC含量和乙烯释放速率下降,并使不育系花粉育性得以部分恢复,而在外施AVG的同时再施以乙烯利则AVG的恢复作用消失。     

Isolation and genetic characterization of a fertility-restoring revertant induced from cytoplasmic male sterile rice

Summary A male fertile revertant was isolated from M₁ of a cytoplasmic male sterile indica rice line II-32A, the dry seeds of which were treated with ⁶⁰Co- rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The acquired revertant T24 was morphologically and agronomically similar to II-32B, the maintainer of II-32A. Testcrosses of the revertant with II-32A and Zhenshan 97A showed that the revertant was able to restore the fertility of CMS lines. Genetic analysis of the progenies between T24 and II-32A, Zhenshan 97A XieqingzaoA and DZhenshan 97A, which have different cytoplasms, showed that the fertility restoration of four CMS lines by T24 involved one nuclear gene, indicating that T24 was a result of the mutation of one nuclear gene. The mechanism of the restoration of CMS line by T24 was obviously different from other restorers such as Minghui 63 and 20964, which were shown to behave in two gene mode in fertility restoration. The discovery of the revertant T24 contributes to the understanding of CMS and fertility restoration of CMS in rice. The T24 and its parent II-32A may constitute a pair of near isogenic lines for the restoring gene, which should be valuable materials for molecular genetic analysis of CMS.     

Development of a DNA marker for distinguishing CMS lines from fertile lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The main objective of the present study was to identify mitochondrial DNA based marker, which can distinguish male sterile and fertile counterparts of the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines used in production of rice hybrids. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis in CMS lines: IR58025A & IR62829A and their respective maintainers: IR58025B & IR62829B identified a polymorphic DNA fragment of about 510 bp size that was present in both CMS (A) and absent in their maintainer (B) lines. Sequencing followed by database analysis of the polymorphic fragment indicated about 97% similarity with mitochondrial NADH gene subunits of rice, maize and wheat. Based on the variable sequence regions, a site specific primer pair (BF-STS-401) was designed. PCR analysis showed that BF-STS-401 could amplify a strong band of 464 bp size in CMS and a faint band of the same size in maintainer line. To act as a positive control and avoid possible errors in PCR, BF-STS-401 was multiplexed with a new primer pair (BF-STS-402), derived from mitochondrial atp9 subunit of rice, producing monomorphic amplification indiscriminately in both CMS and maintainer lines. Both the primer pairs in combination clearly differentiated CMS lines from their corresponding maintainer lines. This primer combination was validated in a set of diverse genotypes consisting of different sources of CMS lines, restorer lines, hybrids, varieties and mixed samples from private seed companies. Our results suggested that the multiplex primer pairs developed in this study can be effectively utilized to assess the genetic purity in commercial seed lots of CMS lines and hybrids of rice.     

Cytoplasmic Systems in Different Male-Sterile Lines of Rice

In order to characterize the cytoplasmic system in seven cytoplasmic-genic male-sterile lines (CMS; A lines) of rice, viz., V 20A, ‘Zhenshan 97A’, IR 46831A, ‘Madhu A’ (cms-WA), ‘Yar-Ai-Zhao A’ (cms-Gam), ‘Pankhari 203A’ (cms-TN) and Wu 10A (cms-bo) and their isonuclear maintainers (B lines), all possible crosses were made between CMS lines and maintainers (A × B) as well as between the maintainers themselves (B × B). Based on F₁ pollen and spikelet fertility the CMS lines V 20A, ‘Zhenshan 97A’, IR 46831 A, ‘Madhu’ A possessing cms-WA cytoplasm were found to be genetically different from ‘Pankhari 203A’ (cms-TN), Wu 10A (cms- bo) and ‘Yar-Ai-Zhao A’ (cms-Gam) cytoplasms. Cms-bo and cms-TN cytoplasms appeared to be identical. Since the cytoplasms of the A lines are different from those of the B lines, the nuclear genes operating to cause the sterility might also be different in (A × B) and (B × B) crosses.     

大白菜胞质雄性不育线粒体基因特异分子RAPD标记及克隆

用随机引物对大白菜细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析,在不育系与保持系的线粒体基因组间存在明显的差异,用引物S259在不育系中扩增并克隆得到特异片断(mt)S259~600bp,序列分析表明该片断与油菜线粒体基因NADH脱氢酶第四亚基序列有部分相似性,片段与雄性不育的关系还需进一步研究。     

Molecular characterization of fertile and sterile cytoplasms in Beta spp.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from sugar beet carrying fertile (F) and male sterile (CMS) cytoplasms, and from male sterile accession of Beta maritima collected in Brittany (France) were characterized and compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Southern hybridization with coxII. The F and CMS cytoplasms could be clearly distinguished from each other by RFLP when XhoI, EcoRI and BamHI endonucleases were used. Southern hybridization with the coxII gene provided further evidence that mitochondrial genome organization differs between fertile and sterile plants. All cytoplasmic male sterile lines from different breeding stations showed the same restriction and hybridization patterns, which confirms the uniformity of mitochondrial genomes within the materials used for hybrid seed production in several European countries. No visible differences were found between the maintainer lines studied. However, comparisons of XhoI restriction profiles of mtDNA from maintainer lines and from fertile monogerm populations revealed slight differences, which were reflected by the appearance of a unique 0.9 kb fragment in the latter. Analysis of mtDNA from male sterile plants of the wild beet B. maritima showed different restriction and hybridization patterns in comparison with normal and sterile sugar beet cytoplasms. This shows the unique nature of cytoplasmic male sterility in this species.