南疆地区秋葵栽培密度试验

本试验以黄秋葵为研究材料,采用大田试验和室内考种方法,研究不同栽培密度对秋葵生长发育及产量的影响,结果表明,不同栽培密度下,秋葵的株高、茎粗、单株荚果数、荚果粒数、荚果粒重和千粒重等生物学性状之间有差异;秋葵不同栽培密度其产量之间存在明显差异。通过秋葵在南疆气候条件下的栽培密度试验,得出了适合秋葵高产优质高效栽培的实践经验,以期为实际生产提供科学种植依据。     

不同株高夏玉米品种的氮素吸收与利用特性

选用鲁单981 (LD981)、郑单958 (ZD958)和登海661 (DH661) 3个不同株高玉米品种, 在大田和栽培池条件下分别设67 500株 hm^-2和82 500株 hm^-2 2个种植密度, 0和180 kg hm^-2 2个施氮量。大田试验的氮肥以开沟方式施入, 栽培池试验氮肥分别以5、20和40 cm深度分层施入, 利用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术研究不同株高夏玉米对氮素的吸收与利用特性。结果表明, 与67 500株 hm^-2种植密度比较, 82 500株 hm^-2种植密度夏玉米籽粒产量及氮素偏生产力显著提高。夏玉米吸收的氮素69.3%~77.3%来自土壤, 22.7%~30.7%来自肥料, 土壤氮和肥料氮收获指数分别为54.6%和57.5%。与67 500株 hm^-2种植密度比较, 82 500株 hm^-2种植密度矮秆品种DH661氮素积累来自肥料的比例显著降低, 中品种ZD958和高秆品种LD981没有显著变化; 中、高秆品种肥料氮收获指数显著降低, 矮秆品种增加。5 cm土层施氮对植株肥料氮积累量贡献率最大, 40 cm土层施氮对植株肥料氮的贡献率最小, 随着株高增加, 深层(40 cm)氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献率逐渐增加, 浅层(5 cm)氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献率逐渐降低。中、高秆品种对土壤深层40 cm施氮的氮肥回收率较高, 而矮秆品种对土壤浅层20 cm施氮的氮肥回收率较高; 20 cm和40 cm ¹⁵N在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层残留量分别达到60%, 说明矮秆品种对20~40 cm土层氮素回收率较高, 中、高秆品种对40~60 cm土层氮素回收率较高。     

大棚设施栽培对管花肉苁蓉接种及生长的影响

接种肉苁蓉个数、分枝个数、分枝长度、鲜重、干重。大棚设施栽培能显著提高管花肉苁蓉接种率(66.67%),单株柽柳接种管花肉苁蓉的个数提高116.67%;柽柳的分枝数、分枝总长度及分枝平均长度依次增加28.02%、71.31%、28.73%;柽柳根、茎、光合枝及管花肉苁蓉鲜重依次增加62.27%、121.47%、93.89%、131.09%;柽柳根、茎、光合枝及管花肉苁蓉干重依次增加23.75%、116.16%、35.18%、72.70%;大棚设施栽培管花肉苁蓉鲜干比为4.40,大田露地栽培管花肉苁蓉鲜干比为3.11大棚设施栽培管花肉苁蓉可溶性糖含量降低了16.77%,SSC含量降低了13.71%;但两者的累积量均高于大田栽培,其中可溶性糖累积量增加92.42%,SSC累积量增加99.40%。大棚设施栽培能够促进柽柳和管花肉苁蓉的生长,较大田更适宜管花肉苁蓉的生产。     

佳红1号红小豆特性及高产栽培技术

<正>佳红1号是由黑龙江省农科院佳木斯分院以日本早生为母本,宝清红为父本通过有性杂交选育而成,2010年由黑龙江省农作物品种委员会审定推广。品种登记号为:黑登记2010002。1品种特性该品种为有限结荚习性,直立生长,幼茎绿色,株高55~65cm,秆强、抗倒伏。主茎分枝3~4个。叶片卵圆形,花黄色。单株结荚22~32个,直筒形,单荚粒数约6.8粒,成熟荚褐色,荚成熟一致,不炸荚。籽粒短圆柱形,     

不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累转运与分配特性

以矮秆玉米品种登海661 (DH661),中间型玉米品种超试3号(CS3),高秆玉米品种鲁单981 (LD981)和先玉335 (XY335)为试验材料,研究不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累、转运及分配特性。结果表明,不同株高类型玉米品种干物质积累量在开花期之前差异不显著,其差异主要表现在开花后,随株高的增加,开花后的干物质积累降低。矮秆品种植株中下部茎秆的碳素分配率比高秆品种低,叶片则相反。通过¹³C同位素示踪研究表明,不同株高类型玉米品种不同部位叶片对产量的贡献不同。随株高降低,中、下部叶片的光合产物转移率相对提高,而上部叶片的转移率有所下降,高秆品种LD981和XY335上部叶片对籽粒的贡献率相对较高,中矮秆品种DH661和CS3下部叶片对籽粒的贡献率相对较高。不同部位叶片在开花前后对籽粒贡献也不相同,高秆品种LD981和XY335上部叶片开花后光合产物的转移率最高;矮秆品种DH661中部叶片开花前光合产物的转移率最高。     

不同株高玉米品种部分群体质量指标对种植密度的反应

试验采用双因素裂区设计,主处理选先玉335、郑单958和高优1号3个不同株高品种,副处理设45000,53250,61500,69750和78000株/hm25个密度,从产量及其结构、叶面积动态、干物质积累与分配、库源关系和群体整齐度等方面研究阐述了不同株高紧凑型玉米品种群体质量指标在密度影响下的变化特点。结果显示,穗粒数、株高整齐度、单株干重、结实率、籽粒库充实度、粒叶比和产叶比等指标因密度处理的变异系数均呈现高秆品种大于中秆、中秆大于矮秆的规律性变化;生育后期叶面积衰减速率,源与库的相对地位、其平衡关系因密度处理的变化趋势也以品种株高不同而不同。高秆品种适宜密度和经济系数低,群体质量易受增密的负作用影响;矮秆品种对密度反应相对迟钝,但单株生产力有限;中等株高品种合理密植,花后干物质积累量大、理论产量高,对密度反应适中,是夏玉米理想的品种类型。     

北疆地区不同类型大棚温湿环境特征研究

通过对不同类型大棚室内的温湿度进行多点实时动态数据采集,研究不同类型大棚温湿环境特征,旨在为当地大棚选型提供指导。试验对3种大棚类型,即单棚单膜、单棚双膜和双棚双膜进行了测试。结果表明:(1)保温性能由高到低为双棚双膜单棚双膜单棚单膜;(2)保湿性能双棚双膜最好,平均湿度比单棚单膜、单棚双膜高12.2%和4.1%;(3)最冷天(-27℃)双棚双膜的日温度变化较稳定,日均温比单棚单膜和单棚双膜分别高3.1℃和3.7℃;(4)双棚双膜大棚平均最低温比单棚单膜和单棚双膜分别高4.0℃和2.7℃。结论:双棚双膜保温保湿效果优于其他2种大棚类型,棚内温湿度变化较稳定。     

迷你番茄优质高产栽培技术

1　栽培季节与品种选择1.1　露地栽培春番茄 :12月在大棚内进行地热线加小棚育苗,3月下旬地膜覆盖后定植大田,5月下旬至7月中下旬采收。可选早熟丰产的四季红、圣女等品种。秋番茄 :6月下旬播种育苗,7月下旬定植,9月下旬至下霜前采收,可选用四季红品种。高山栽培 :利用海拔1000m以上的高山地区进行番茄的夏季栽培。可在4月直播或育苗,5月定植,6~9月采收供应市场。1.2　设施栽培小棚覆盖栽培 :1月份利用阳畦或大棚内地热线加小棚覆盖育苗,3月上中旬定植,最好先覆盖地膜后定植,定植即扣小棚,5~7月份上市供应,较露地可提早上市1个月左右。……     

不同行距配置方式对夏玉米冠层结构和群体抗性的影响

为探究行距配置方式对冠层微气象因子及群体抗逆性的影响,明确夏玉米适宜的行距配置方式,在方城和辉县设置大田试验,以3个不同株高类型的玉米杂交种为材料(中秆品种郑单958、高秆品种先玉335和矮秆品种512-4),设置2个种植密度(60 000株 hm^-2和75 000株 hm^-2),研究了5种行距配置方式(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm、80 cm等行距和80 cm+40 cm宽窄行)下冠层结构和群体抗逆性的变化。结果表明,不同株高类型杂交种在相同密度下,随行距扩大,株型变得松散,穗部叶片叶向值减小,并偏离种植行,向种植行垂直方向发展,冠层温湿度降低,群体抗逆性增强,但冠层光照截获率降低,产量也随之减少。对比发现,不同品种和密度下,60 cm等行距能够较好地协调冠层微气象因子与玉米产量的关系,叶片分布适宜,冠层温湿度和光能分布合理,显著提高了中下部的光能截获率,病虫害和倒伏的发生率较低,获得最高产量的频率最高,且适宜机械化田间作业,建议作为适宜黄淮海地区推广的种植方式。     

黄秋葵无公害栽培技术

黄秋葵,别名秋葵,属锦葵科一年生草本植物,原产非洲东北部,以嫩果供食,是出口创汇的主要特色蔬菜之一。近几年我们进行黄秋葵的出口栽培,总结出一套无公害栽培技术。一﹑特征特性(一)植物学特征黄秋葵主根较发达,多分布于50～60cm土层中。茎直立,高1～1.5m,叶腋发生侧枝,上部节     

适宜豫北地区棉豆轮作的荷兰豆品种与播期筛选

旨在筛选适宜豫北地区与夏棉轮作的冬茬荷兰豆品种和播期。以18个国内外的荷兰豆品种为试材,用田间调查方法测得12个性状的数据,并研究了其中4个品种在2个播期下的差异。结果表明,2019年种植的所有参试荷兰豆品种均安全越冬;早播（10月19日）比晚播（10月29日）能提早结荚并提升株高、单荚重和鲜荚产量;通过比较发现了每个荷兰豆品种所具有的特点,其中‘美国581’鲜荚产量高达25088.24 kg/hm²,而且其他农艺性状优良,是参试品种中最适宜引种豫北棉区的荷兰豆品种。该试验初步筛选出了适宜豫北地区越冬栽培的荷兰豆品种及其播期,为本地区研究“棉花-荷兰豆”双季栽培模式奠定了基础。     

Effect of Okra Planting Density and Spatial Arrangement in Intercrop with Maize on the Growth and Yield of the Component Species

The effects of three okra planting densities (28 000; 56 000 and 111 000 plants ha¹) intercropped within or between maize rows were investigated in two field trials during the 1990 and 1991 wet seasons at Nsukka. The plant height and the leaf area index (LAI) increased as the planting density increased in sole or intercropped okra while the number of branches per plant decreased with increasing okra planting density. The height of maize plants also increased as okra planting density increased but the LAI decreased. Intercropping reduced the yield and yield components (number and weight of pods per plant) of okra and maize (number of cobs, cob length and 100-grain weight). Increasing okra planting density reduced the sole and the intercropped okra and also the maize intercrop yield by reducing the number of pods and grains as well as the pod and grain size, respectively. Assessment of the productivity ofthe mixtures showed that the highest yield advantage (35%) of growing okra and maize together was obtained at 28000 okra plants ha¹ while the highest monetary return was realized at the highest okra planting density of 111000 plants ha¹ intercropped between maize rows. The patterns of row arrangement did not have effect on the growth, yield and yield components of the mixtures.     

Yield Performance of New European Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Under Winter Season Cultivation in Egypt

The present investigation was undertaken on four W. German (AD201, Belinda, Korina and Elvira) and five French (Cresor, Brutor, BRO, BRIO and Orpal) spring rapeseed varieties, for evaluation and to study their performance and productivity under Fayoum (Egypt) conditions during two successive winter seasons (1982/1983 and 1983/1984). In order to make clear identification for different plant characters, some genetical parameters were estimated.
In the first season, the nine varieties were arranged into a randomized complete block field experiment with four replications. In the second one, the experiment (with the same design and replication) included only six cultivars, after elimination of three winter-type (Belinda, Korina and Elvira) that failed to reach flowering because of unique cold temperature requirements. Therefore, the present study was restricted with the remainder six varieties.
The varieties exhibited considerable differences in all the characters studied. AD201 was earlier, higher seed- and oil-yielding variety than other tested ones. Its superiority could be attributed to increased number of pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield/plant. The second yielding variety was BR1O followed by Cresor, BRO and Brutor. While Orpal was inferior in all characters except for seed index. Data showed that fruiting zone length reached nearly half the mature height for each genotype.
Remarkable amount of genotypic variation and high heritability estimates were recorded for all studied characters. Quantitative analysis indicated that number of seeds/pod, early flowering, seed weight/plant, possessed high heritability values combined with high genetic gains and wide genetic variations. By these characters, discernible improvement could be easily achieved through phenotypic selection in relatively very short time.     

水稻多基因型种群品种不同生态稻区的适应性研究

旨在探究水稻多基因型种群品种在不同生态稻区的适应性和稳定性,为多基因型种群品种的推广提供依据。选用参试品种‘尤群6号’、‘南八糯’和对照品种‘红优7号’开展田间试验,通过抗病性、农艺性状等指标进行综合评价。结果表明：参试品种‘尤群6号’(0.40~0.95 kg/m2)和‘南八糯’(0.81~1.04 kg/m2)在4个稻区产量显著高于对照品种（尤群6号在文山地区表现除外）;田间发病总体较轻,个别品种在局部试验点表现有差异,‘尤群6号’在文山稻瘟病发生 (DI=48.66)和粳稻区楚雄稻曲病发生相对较重,仍需继续种植综合观察;品种生育期随试验点海拔的升高而缩短,株高随月平均气温升高而增高,品种内株高变异系数介于1.97~6.13之间。研究表明参试品种在籼粳混栽区红河表现最佳,籼稻区德宏表现较好,在文山、楚雄田间表现有待继续评价;总体上,表现出较好适应性和稳定性。     

基于短日照特性的大豆品种推广种植潜力研究

为了研究大豆品种的推广种植潜力，以‘东农252’、‘黑农48’、‘黑农35’、‘黑农34’4个大豆品种为材料，在短日照条件下，分析各大豆品种的株高、单株荚数、叶面积、根干重等农艺性状。结果表明：短日照显著降低4个品种大豆的株高、叶面积、根干重，除‘东农252’外，也显著降低了单株荚数。大豆品种差异极显著影响株高性状的短日照敏感性，对单株荚数、叶面积、根干重性状影响不显著。性状差异极显著影响‘东农252’、‘黑农48’的短日照敏感性，显著影响‘黑农34’的短日照敏感性，对‘黑农35’影响不显著。各性状的短日照敏感性差异为根干重＞叶面积＞株高＞单株荚数。相对其他大豆品种，‘东农252’各农艺性状短日照敏感性最强。4个大豆品种的短日照敏感性差异与其种植范围大小基本一致。本研究为评估大豆品种推广种植潜力提供参考。     

福建新育成花生品种主要性状表现及相关性分析

为了筛选出最适合本地推广应用的花生新品种,对福建省新育成的17个花生品种,采用随机区组排列方法进行试验。结果表明,‘泉花551’平均荚果产量4873.5 kg/hm2,居参试种首位,比对照‘泉花7号’增产15.58%,增产极显著,比对照增产极显著的品种还有‘莆花4号’、‘福花8号’、‘泉花8号’和‘闽花8号’。对各性状与产量进行相关和通径分析的结果表明：各主要农艺性状与产量存在着不同程度的相关,产量与各性状的相关系数由大到小依次为百仁重、百果重、总分枝数、侧枝长、主茎高、出仁率、单株结果数、公斤果数;各性状对产量的直接贡献从大到小依次为：总分枝数、侧枝长、主茎高、百果重、单株结果数、出仁率、公斤果数、百仁重、结果枝数。     

不同类型花生品种地膜覆盖栽培效应研究

本文对普通型和珍珠豆型花生品种地膜覆盖栽培效应进行了研究，从各品种物候特点、植物学特征和经济性状、产量结果等方面进行比较分析，结果表明，普通型与珍珠豆型花生品种荚果产量差异不显著，且普通型品种的饱果数、荚果品质低于珍珠豆型品种，所以在我县花生地膜覆盖栽培应以珍珠豆型品种为宜。     

日光温室辣椒新品种品比试验

为解决在青海高原地区适宜设施辣椒品种较少的问题,从国内引进13个辣椒新品种与本地主栽品种在温室内进行了栽培比较。结果表明：从辣椒生育期、植株生长特性、果实品质以及产量等方面综合评价来看,‘民欣早椒’可作为早熟品种在本地温室种植,‘国福308’、‘力神’、‘京椒2号’、‘京椒5号’和‘京椒1号’根据不同人群喜欢的果型和辣味不同可选择相应的品种在本地种植。     

花生品种、栽培技术引种马拉维试验初报

为配合福建企业开发马拉维花生产业需要,2013—2014年引种福建省农业科学院作物研究所选育的6个花生品种（系）,结合马拉维4个品种,采用小区随机区组设计和大面积种植,在马拉维共和国进行品种比较和栽培技术示范。结果表明,雨季,7个参试品种品比结果,荚果产量1150.05~2943.75 kg/hm²,其中,‘抗黄1号’产量最高,为2943.75 kg/hm²,cg-7(CK)产量最低,为1150.05 kg/hm²,引种的6个品种比cg-7(CK)增产54.78%~155.98%。籽仁产量654.45~1845.6 kg/hm²,其中,‘抗黄1号’产量最高,为1845.6 kg/hm²,cg-7(CK)最低,为654.45 kg/hm²,引种的6个品种比cg-7(CK)增产55.67%~182.0%。干季,7个参试品种荚果产量2344.5~3559.5 kg/hm²,其中,‘福花0621’产量最高,为3559.5 kg/hm²,cg-7(CK)最低,为2344.5 kg/hm²,引种的6个品种比cg-7(CK)增产7.81%~51.82%,籽仁产量1428.0~2335.05 kg/hm²,其中,‘福花0621’产量最高,为2335.05 kg/hm²,‘福花9号’最低,为1428.0 kg/hm²,除‘福花9号’籽仁比cg-7(CK)减产6.44%外,其他5个品种比cg-7(CK)增产29.85%~52.99%。干季,栽培技术示范结果,马拉维的4个品种荚果产量1900.5~ 3213.0 kg/hm²,其中,BaKa产量最高,为3213.0 kg/hm²,Chalimbana产量最低,为1900.5 kg/hm²,籽仁产量1016.7~2307.0 kg/hm²,其中,BaKa产量最高,为2307.0 kg/hm², Chalimbana产量最低,为1016.7 kg/hm²。试验结果表明,引种的6个花生品种生活习性等方面均适应于马拉维的生态条件和粗放的栽培习惯。福建省农业科学院作物研究所的花生栽培技术也适合马拉维4个花生品种,并取得高产。初步探明,利用马拉维湖等湖岸周遍特殊的生态环境,只要花期空气湿度≥50%,满足花生开花受精的生理需求,采用人工灌溉措施,可以在干季发展花生生产,建议扩大试验,示范后推广。     

Temporal profiles of pod production and pod set in soybean

The distribution of flower and pod production during flowering may be an important determinant of pod and seed number in grain crops. We characterized the dynamics of small pod production and survival to maturity on indeterminate and determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill)] cultivars growing in the field or greenhouse. Two soybean cultivars (maturity group IV, indeterminate and determinate) were grown in the field near Lexington, KY (38°N latitude) in 2001 and 2002 in 0.76 cm rows using late May and late June (2002 only) planting dates, and normal (24 plants m⁻²) and low (9 plants m⁻², 2002 only) plant populations. Cultivar Elgin 87 (indeterminate, maturity group II) was grown in a greenhouse in 3.0 L pots with one plant per pot. All unmarked pods that were ≥10 mm long were marked with acrylic paint at the base of the pod at 3-day intervals. Paint color was changed at each marking to provide a temporal profile of pod production and pod survival. The pod production (marked pods) period was longer in the indeterminate cultivar (nearly 50 days after R1) than the determinate cultivar (≤40 days after R1). Delayed planting shortened the pod-production period, but a two- to three-fold difference in pods per plant, created by changing plant population, did not affect it. The temporal distribution of small pods that survived to maturity (full sized pods with at least one normal seed) closely followed the distribution of pod production in all experiments. Some surviving pods initiated growth after the beginning of seed filling (i.e., between growth stage R5 and R6), but most of the pods were initiated in a much shorter interval (up to 84% were initiated in <40% of the period) before R5. Abortion of pods >10 mm long was relatively low (20–30%), so production of a pod ≥10 mm long seems to be a key event in the pod set process. The average length of the pod set period at individual nodes on the main stem was larger for the determinate cultivar (14 days) than for the indeterminate (9 days), so the longer total period in the indeterminate cultivar resulted from the delay in initating pod production at the upper nodes on the main stem. Temporal profiles of pod production and pod set seem to be more sensitive to changes in flower and main stem node production than to changes in photosynthesis per plant (created by varying plant population). These results provide some of the information needed to integrate time into models predicting pod and seed number.