宁夏主栽水稻品种高频再生体系的建立

通过对宁夏多个主栽水稻品种愈伤组织的培养,结果表明,诱导水稻愈伤组织的最适培养基是:N6+2mg/L 2,4-D+0.5/L水解酪蛋白+0.5g/L L-脯氨酸+8g/L琼脂+30g/L蔗糖;水稻愈伤组织最适分化培养基是:MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA;水稻的最适生根培养基为:MS+0.5mg/L NAA.筛选出了诱导愈伤组织和愈伤组织分化的最适激素浓度配比和最适分化条件.     

甜叶菊花药离体培养技术体系的建立

以‘皖甜1号’甜叶菊花蕾为试验材料,利用正交设计L9(34),分别以MS、B5和N6为基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的NAA、6-BA以及蔗糖和低温预处理、暗处理时间等条件,对甜叶菊花药愈伤组织诱导的影响以及不同培养基对甜叶菊花药愈伤组织分化影响。试验得出甜叶菊花药愈伤组织最佳诱导的培养基配方为MS+3 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+60 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂,低温预处理1 d、暗培养14 d有利于甜叶菊愈伤组织的诱导,甜叶菊愈伤组织分化诱导的最佳培养基配方为MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂,不定芽在不加任何植物生长调节剂的MS培养基上伸长后,接种在1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+20 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂培养基上生根效果好,生根率可达93.33%。该试验初步建立了甜叶菊花药离体培养技术体系,获得了甜叶菊花药培养再生植株,为甜叶菊新种质的创制和新品种的选育提供了帮助。     

组织培养快速繁殖龙翅海棠

龙翅海棠的组培可以幼嫩叶片作外植体,通过诱导形成愈伤组织分化不定芽的途径,建立无菌系,获得再生植株.最适诱导分化培养基为Ms 1mg/L6-BA 0.1 mg/L NAA 3%蔗糖 0.6%琼脂;最适增殖培养基为:Ms 0.8mg/L6-BA 0.08mg/L NAA 3%蔗糖 0.6%琼脂;最适生根培养基为:1/2MS 0.08mg/L NAA 0.02mg/LIBA 3%蔗糖 0.6%琼脂;最适移栽基质为河沙∶珍珠岩=2∶1.增殖周期为35d.     

西部沙樱枝条愈伤组织诱导、增殖及分化培养

以西部沙樱一年生枝条为材料,研究不同激素配比条件下外植体愈伤组织的诱导、增殖及分化诱导。结果表明:西部沙樱茎段在2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂(pH 5.75)的MS培养基上可诱导出愈伤组织;愈伤组织增殖的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+3%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂(pH 5.75);愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+3%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂(pH 5.75),经分化可获得无性系芽,继而产生丛生苗。西部沙樱愈伤诱导及分化的成功为西部沙樱资源的保护、开发和利用提供了理论依据和技术保障。     

宫灯玉露愈伤组织诱导及快速繁殖技术探析

以宫灯玉露的叶片为外植体,采用正交试验设计,研究不同消毒时间、不同生长调节剂浓度配比对宫灯玉露愈伤组织诱导、丛芽诱导及增殖和生根的影响。试验表明:最适外植体灭菌时间为8 min,污染率为13.3%;培养基MS+30 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L适合诱导愈伤;培养基MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+KT 0.1 ml/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L有利于芽诱导与增殖;培养基1/2MS+30 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂+IBA 0.2 mg/L适宜诱导根的生成,10~15 d内可长出2~3条根;通过炼苗移栽幼苗的成活率达85%以上,从而建立了宫灯玉露工厂化育苗的组培快繁体系,为今后宫灯玉露的规模化生产提供理论与技术指导。     

高效冬枣花药愈伤组织培养体系的建立

以冬枣花药为试验材料,研究影响愈伤组织诱导、增殖和分化的因素,优化各因素建立高效的冬枣花药培养体系。结果表明:在愈伤组织诱导过程中,加入0.4~0.6 mol/L的甘露醇4℃处理1~3 d可提高愈伤组织的诱导率。最适的愈伤组织诱导培养基为:MS+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L TDZ+30 g/L麦芽糖,诱导率可达到69.72%。愈伤组织增殖的最适培养基为MS+0.3 mg/LNAA+1.0 mg/LTDZ+30 g/L麦芽糖;在WPM+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L TDZ+20 g/L麦芽糖时,分化率最高可达89.00%。     

魔芋愈伤液体培养与植株再生的研究

以魔芋颗粒状愈伤组织为试材,进行了液体培养及植株再生诱导的探讨。结果表明,MS BA 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.2 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L 琼脂6.0 g/L培养基适合从芽鞘诱导颗粒状愈伤组织。获得的愈伤组织切割成0.3cm左右在MS BA 0.05 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L PVP 1.0 g/L液体培养基中振荡培养,建立液体培养体系。液体培养材料的生长曲线呈上升的半抛物线型,从第6天到第12天期间增重占整个培养周期增重的80%以上,随着液体培养材料的生长,培养液pH值上升。将液体培养12 d的材料转到1/2MS BA 0.6 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L 葡萄糖30 g/L 维生素C100 mg/L 琼脂6.0 g/L培养基上,进行愈伤组织的分化培养;然后将长到出叶期的大芽切割转入到1/2MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L 琼脂6.0 g/L生根培养基诱导生根,形成再生植株。     

短柱铁线莲愈伤组织培养及褐化抑制

本研究在正交设计的基础上,以短柱铁线莲的叶片、叶柄、茎段为外植体,进行愈伤组织培养,并探讨愈伤组织褐化的抑制。研究结果表明:短柱铁线莲诱导愈伤组织的适宜外植体为茎段,诱导率为89.8%;合适的愈伤诱导培养基为1/2MS+0.4 mg/L TDZ+0.2 mg/L NAA+10 g/L蔗糖,诱导率为90%;合适的增殖培养基为1/2MS+30 g/L蔗糖+0.2 g/L肌醇+0.2 g/L水解络蛋白(CH)+5 mg/L Vc+0.3 mg/L TDZ+0.2 mg/L NAA,增殖率为302.3%。适宜不定芽诱导培养基为1/2MS+30 g/L蔗糖+0.76%琼脂+0.2 g/L肌醇+0.2 g/L水解络蛋白(CH)+0.3 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L NAA,诱导率达63.3%。培养基中添加5 mg/L Vc或1 g/L活性炭时,可以能够很好地抑制短柱铁线莲褐化。     

凉都红香椿外植体快繁体系的研究

以贵州凉都红香椿成熟叶片和无菌苗叶片为材料,筛选可用于诱导叶片再生形成植株的愈伤组织诱导和分化的培养基分别为:MS+0.15 mg/L TDZ+0.3 mg/L NAA+1.0mg/L KT+3%蔗糖+7g/L琼脂和MS+0.1mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L KT+0.1mg/L NAA+3%蔗糖+7g/L琼脂;同时筛选到以成熟香椿枝条为材料诱导腋芽生长的最适培养基为:MS+0.2mg/L GA3+0.02mg/L+3%蔗糖+7g/L琼脂。另外,研究还确定了香椿成熟叶片和枝条外植体的最佳消毒条件为:75%酒精处理45s,0.1%升汞灭菌6～8min后,用无菌水冲洗4～6次可降低外植体的污染率。     

辽东楤木愈伤组织诱导及增殖技术研究

以辽东楤木茎尖、幼叶、嫩茎、休眠芽为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节物质诱导丛生芽及再生植株,筛选出适合于辽东楤木组织培养的系列培养基配方.结果表明,愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为:MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L(或IAA0.2mg/L),幼叶为愈伤组织诱导的理想外植体,30d继代一次分化效率较高,达到73%;不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA1.0～1.5mg/L十IAA0.1～0.15mg/L+NAA0.1～0.15mg/L;不定芽生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L;按1∶1混配的蛭石与草炭为试管苗移栽最适基质.     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

母猪繁殖障碍成因分析

繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素（如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄）、环境因素（如温度、湿度、通风、光照）、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6~9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L^-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5~6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法。结果表明,在含1%果胶酶+4%纤维素酶R-10+3%纤维素酶RS组合的酶解液中,保温4 h可制得产量较高、细胞碎片量较少的原生质体。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.