Bt杂交棉种子的成熟度与某些播种品质指标的关系

不同成熟度Bt杂交棉种的物理性状之间有很大的差异,越成熟饱满种子的子指、比重越大,电导率越低.完熟种子的比重略大于1,其余则小于1.无论在标准温度(℃)下还是在低温(℃)条件下,不同成熟度种子的发芽率、苗重的变化趋势一致,即越成熟饱满的种子发芽率越高,棉苗鲜重越重;成熟度越差,烂苗越严重.相关分析表明,电导率与比重呈显著负相关关系,发芽率、苗重与比重呈显著正相关线性关系.在低温条件下,发芽率、苗重明显降低,烂苗数增加.     

小麦耐盐性鉴定指标和方法的研究

本文中的小麦耐盐性鉴定指标是指种子发芽率、幼苗存活率、根长、苗高及苗重、分蘖数、籽粒重和产量、植株地上部的K+/Na+比率。常用的生理生化指标包括:细胞膜透性、ATP酶活性、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)和糖蛋白中糖分含量、甜菜碱含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量等。本文主要研究二者与小麦的盐胁迫反应具有非常密切的关系,反映小麦的耐盐能力。小麦耐盐性鉴定的方法:芽期耐盐性的鉴定方法、苗期耐盐性的鉴定方法和全生育期耐盐性的鉴定方法,可用于小麦种质资源耐盐鉴定评价和耐盐品种选育。     

甜高粱发芽期耐旱性评价初报

在干旱胁迫条件下进行甜高粱发芽试验,研究其发芽特性和幼苗素质,以这些性状在干旱胁迫和正常条件下测定值的相对值作为耐旱指标,对这些性状的相对值进行相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:除CX-1外,干旱胁迫缩短了各基因型的平均发芽时间,发芽率有所下降。苗高、根长、苗重和根重等幼苗素质均下降严重,而根比苗对干旱胁迫更为敏感。相对苗高、相对根长、相对苗鲜重、相对根鲜重之间相关性显著,可作为较好的耐旱指标。通过对显著相关的性状相对值进行聚类分析,将参试材料分为耐旱型、中间型和干旱敏感型3种类型。     

卫星搭载对不同品系紫花苜蓿种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响

为了了解空间诱变环境对苜蓿种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响,3个品系的首蓿干种子于2006年9月通过"实践八号"育种卫星进行空间搭载.返地后对其标准发芽率、发芽速度、种苗生长、发芽指数、活力指数等指标进行测试.结果表明,卫星搭栽对种子发芽率无显著影响,这说明空间诱变对搭载种子损伤轻,不易产生致死突变,搭栽后绝大多数种子都能正常发芽.空间搭载对种苗生长有正负两种诱变效应:正效应表现为苗重(品系1和品系4)或芽长的显著增加,负效应表现为平均苗重的显著减少(品系2)、根长的降低.3个搭品系间搭载效应差异显著.     

大豆品种根系性状与地上部性状的相关性研究

采用盆栽方法, 对黑龙江省和吉林省的42份大豆品种的根系性状与地上部性状间的相关关系进行了研究. 结果表明: 大豆品种根系性状与地上部性状存在相关关系, 随生长进程的推进相关关系趋于明显. 鼓粒初期所测7个根系性状与地上部茎粗、冠鲜重、冠干重均呈中度(以上)相关关系, 除主根长度与冠鲜重之间的相关系数在0.05水平上达     

春性饲草型小黑麦芽期抗旱性鉴定指标的确立

为探讨小黑麦芽期主要性状与抗旱性的关系,运用灰色关联度分析法对20个春性饲草型小黑麦品种(系)在水培与模拟干旱2种条件下芽期主要性状与种子萌发抗旱指数的关联度进行分析,结果表明,模拟干旱条件下,各指标变化值与种子萌发抗旱指数间的关系密切程度依次为:根冠比、芽鞘最大值、最大胚根长、芽鞘存活率、根数.     

甜高粱饲用品质性状与形态性状的相关分析

以相关分析法研究了28个甜高粱品种饲用品质性状与形态性状的相关关系.相关分析和通径分析表明:株高和鲜质量对饲用品质性状的直接作用最大,其次是分蘖数和茎粗,节数的直接作用最小.饲用品质性状间也存在相关关系:锤度与粗纤维呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.411 9,与粗蛋白和蜡粉呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.547 5和-0.632 2;粗蛋白与粗纤维呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.883 7.因此,在甜高粱品种选育过程中,应充分考虑这些饲用品质性状间的制约关系.     

20对大麦株高近等基因系农艺与产量性状差异及相关性分析

为培育高产优质啤酒大麦提供理论依据,以20对二棱啤酒大麦株高近等基因系为试材,通过测定其农艺性状和产量性状,探讨近等基因系中半矮秆基因uzu对株高、穗长、地上部干质量、单穗粒数、单株粒重和千粒质量等的影响,并进行20个高秆基因系之间、20个矮秆基因系之间的性状差异比较及相关分析。结果表明:除地上部干质量和单穗粒数性状外,高秆基因系(无半矮秆基因uzu)其他性状均显著或极显著高于矮秆基因系(含半矮秆基因uzu),即半矮秆基因对较多的农艺性状和产量性状能够产生降低作用。相关分析表明:20个高秆基因系中,千粒质量之间的差异最为显著,说明千粒质量对于产量的提升潜力较大;株高与穗下节间长度、穗长呈极显著正相关,与产量性状均呈负相关,但无显著相关性。在20个矮秆基因系中,千粒质量同样差异最为显著;株高与其他性状均无显著相关性,但与千粒质量、单穗粒数呈负相关,与单株粒重呈正相关。     

盐份对大麦幼苗形态建成的影响

盐浓度对作物生长的影响一直是研究的热点。为探讨盐胁迫对大麦幼苗形态建成的影响,以4个耐盐性不同的大麦品种为材料,研究了不同时期、不同盐浓度(NaCl)对大麦幼苗根数、根长、芽长及鲜重的影响。研究结果表明:(1)大麦普遍具有较强的耐盐能力,但不同品种的耐盐能力存在显著差异。就大多数大麦品种而言,0.3%以下盐水发芽对幼苗主要器官的生长影响不大,能较好地完成幼苗形态建成,0.5%以上盐水对幼苗主要器官的生长发育产生的影响较大。(2)除不同盐份对发芽10d幼苗芽长的影响不显著外,盐份对发芽5d和10d大麦幼苗主要性状产生了显著的影响,但随着发芽时间的延长,盐浓度对幼苗主要性状的影响程度均有所下降。     

大豆幼苗根系性状的QTL分析

为研究大豆幼苗期根系性状的遗传规律,以中豆29和中豆32构建的RIL群体为材料,在V2期测定水培幼苗根系性状(主根长、侧根数、根重、根体积和根冠比等)及相关性状(株重、茎叶重和下胚轴重等),以方差分析方法估算遗传参数,并采用复合区间作图法对大豆幼苗期根系等性状进行QTL定位。结果表明,在8个染色体上检测到20个根系及相关性状QTL,其中9个主效QTL位于第11和第14染色体,表型贡献率在10.5%~26.1%之间。在第11和第14染色体上,部分根系性状QTL与地上部性状QTL处于同一位置,其QTL的共位性与形态性状表型相关分析结果一致,反映了根系性状与地上部性状存在一定的关联。     

枸树组织培养的研究

对枸树的初代培养、继代培养和生根培养进行了研究。初代培养用腋芽、顶芽作为外植体,在灭菌前用半胱氨酸处理10min,以防止褐变。培养出以芽丛为主,以茎段为辅的无性繁殖系。其培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L。继代培养时采用芽丛和茎段进行增殖,其培养基为MS+BA0.5mg/L。在培养基中增加蔗糖的用量和降低光照,可以减轻玻璃化现象。继代苗可以生根,其培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg/L,但生根的速度较慢。     

甘蔗苗期大螟幼虫空间格局的地统计学分析

为明确大螟幼虫在甘蔗苗期的空间格局,2012年在云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所科研示范基地开展了甘蔗苗期大螟为害枯心苗调查,并应用地统计学方法进行空间格局分析。结果表明：新植蔗虫口密度（1.07头/点）明显低于宿根蔗（1.91头/点）,新植蔗变异系数、峰度和偏度均较宿根蔗大,表明大螟在宿根蔗较新植蔗发生重,且新植蔗田较宿根蔗田有更高的聚集度。在半变异函数理论模型模拟方面,新植蔗田在4个方向均为球形模型,宿根蔗田在45°和90°方向为球形模型、0°方向为高斯模型、135°方向属随机分布,表明大螟幼虫整体上呈聚集分布,但新植蔗田聚集度较宿根蔗田高。在相关性方面,新植蔗田和宿根蔗田均在0°和45°方向上有中等的空间相关性,相关距离宿根蔗明显大于新植蔗,表明宿根蔗田的大螟幼虫空间相关性较新植蔗田强。通过Kriging插值模拟图可清晰看出,新植蔗大螟幼虫在蔗田边缘发生严重,虫源主要来自周边蔗田,宿根蔗大螟幼虫在田间的螟虫发生点多且均匀,虫源主要来自自身蔗田。     

甘蔗不同品种(种)间叶片中酶活性差异的研究

研究了8个甘蔗品种(种)叶片中的酸性转化酶、中性转化酶、淀粉酶以及酸性磷酸酶在不同生长期的活性。结果表明,叶片中的酸性和中性转化酶以及淀粉酶与甘蔗的生长有明显的关系。酸性转化酶活性以及酸性对中性转化酶活性的比率与品种(种)蔗糖份的高低有密切的负相关趋势。因此,似乎有可能把叶片中的酸性和中性转化酶活性作为在     

葡萄结果母枝粗度与新梢结实力的关系

研究了11个葡萄品种结果母枝粗度与新梢结实力的关系,结果表明,不同葡萄品种获得理想的新梢结实力,其结果母枝须有一适宜的粗度范围;结果母枝粗度与结果枝率、结果枝结果系数、新梢结果系数之间呈二次多项式回归关系;不同葡萄品种冬季修剪时结果母枝的选留应以不同粗度结果母枝的结实力为依据。     

果蔗Rar1基因反义载体的构建及遗传转化初步研究

摘要：本研究根据其它作物已克隆的RAR1基因的两个氨基酸保守位点设计简并引物,用果蔗cDNA进行PCR扩增,得到果蔗Rar1基因片段序列,推测出的氨基酸序列与其它作物推测出的氨基酸序列的CCCH结构域和一个锌结合域CHORD-Ⅱ具有很高的相似性,初步证明了所克隆的果蔗Rar1基因片段具有正确的序列信息。并构建了果蔗Rar1反义植物表达载体pCAM-RAR1,转化农杆菌后侵染果蔗的愈伤组织并得到初步验证,为转基因植物的获得以及果蔗Rar1基因功能鉴定奠定了基础。     

Effect of Formative Phase Drought on Different Classes of Shoots, Shoot Mortality, Cane Attributes, Yield and Quality of Four Sugarcane Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted at Coimbatore, India to study the effect of three levels of drought (severe, moderate and no drought) during the formative phase (60–150 days after planting; DAP) of sugarcane on the tillering, the conversion of shoots to millable canes, cane attributes and the quality of different classes of shoots in four sugarcane cultivars (Co 8021, Co 419, Co 8208 and Co 6304)_the different classes of shoots studied were: mother shoots (which emerged 0–30 DAP), early tillers (30–60 DAP), mid‐season tillers (60–150 DAP) and late tillers (150 DAP). The results indicated that drought during the formative phase reduced the total number of shoots and their conversion to millable canes at harvest. Drought also reduced the cane length, number of inter‐nodes and single cane weight of different classes of shootsand the subsequent total cane yield. Irrespective of drought treatments, Co 8021, a high‐tillering, thick‐stalked cultivar, gave the highest cane yield despiteits higher shoot mortality, while Co 8208, a low‐tillering, thin‐stalked cultivar, gave the lowest cane yield despite its lower shoot mortality. Thus a moderate level of shoot mortality is clearly necessary to obtain higher millable canes and subsequently higher cane yield. Mother shoots and early tillers together contributed most of the total number of millable canes (84.5 %) and of the total cane yield at harvest (86.2 %). The contribution of late tillers to the number of millable canes and cane yield was, however, negligible, especially in cultivars Co 6304 and Co 8208. There was a gradual reduction in stalk attributes such as cane length, number of internodes, single cane weight and commercial cane sugar percentage as the physiological age of shoots decreased. This study emphasizes the need for a cultivar with the optimal characteristics of early tillering (like Co 8021 and Co 6304) and maximum conversion to millable canes (like Co 8208) and provides information relevant to breeders making decisions on crossing programmes to produce improved cultivars for drought conditions.     

Inter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant crop of sugarcane

Seventeen diverse clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (7 early, 6 mid season and 4 late) were planted in October 1991 and 1992 in flooded (FE) and non flooded (NFE) environments for evaluation of cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS), internode length, internode number, stalk length, stalk thickness (circumference), stalk number, sugar recovery, and stalk weight. Cane yield showed significant positive phenotypic correlation coefficient (PCC) with stalk number in FE (P ≤ 0.05) and NFE (P ≤ 0.01). Stalk length had a significant positive PCC with stalk weight in both environments, and with internode length in FE (P ≤ 0.05). Commercial cane sugar also expressed significant positive PCC with cane yield in both environments (P ≤ 0.01), but with stalk number only in NFE (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally in the same direction as PCC but higher in magnitude. In both environments, stalk number and stalk weight had relatively high positive direct effects on cane yield. However, flooding tended to enhance the direct effect of stalk weight and diminish the direct effect of stalk number on cane yield. Only cane yield and sugar recovery had high direct effects on CCS. Selection for improvement of cane yield can be based on stalk number and stalk weight in both environments. High yielding clones can be further screened for more sugar recovery to improve CCS. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甘蔗榨汁机的设计

针对甘蔗的生产状况和人们对新鲜果汁需求的持续增加,设计了一种家用型甘蔗榨汁机;介绍了整机结构和工作原理;确定了压辊转速ω和起压角α。     

Performance of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Under Surface Drip, Sub Surface Drip (Biwall) and Furrow Methods of Irrigation

Field experiments were conducted at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India during 1989–93 to study the productivity and water use efficiency of sugarcane under different methods of irrigation. The results showed that there could be a 44 % saving in water with higher water use efficiency in drip irrigation compared to conventional furrow irrigation. Among drip irrigation systems in the plant crop, sub surface drip (Biwall) at 40/140 cm spacing recorded a significantly higher number of millable canes, cane length and single cane weight compared to either conventional furrow irrigation or furrow irrigation based on IW/CPE (Irrigation Water Cumulative Pan Evaporation) ratio. In ratoon crop, Biwall irrigation at 60/120 cm gave significantly higher cane length and single cane weight compared to any other methods of irrigation. However, cane and sugar yields in Biwall irrigations were on par with conventional furrow irrigation but superior to either surface drip or furrow irrigation based in IW/CPE ratio.     

干旱条件下后期灌溉对不同品种甘蔗产量、蔗糖分和某些生理生化特性的效应研究

种在旱地的二个耐旱性不同的甘蔗品种在生长后期分别进行灌溉和不灌溉(对照)处理。灌溉处理的茎长、有效茎数、蔗茎产量和公顷产糖量显著高于对照;在整个工艺成熟期叶片中蛋白质和光合色素含量明显提高,而还原糖和水分含量则明显下降;叶片中过氧化物酶活性增强,蔗汁重力纯度提高,蔗汁还原糖分下降。但二个品种不同处理的蔗糖分、叶片中ATP酶、NADP一苹果酸酶、多酚氧化酶活性和呼吸强度表现不同,耐旱性较差的桂糖11号灌溉处理的显著高于对照;而耐旱性较强的台糖172除蔗糖分差异不大外,其它各项均表现为对照明显高于灌溉处理的。