激素间相互作用对植物茎伸长生长的调控综述

植物茎的伸长受多种内外因素的调节和控制，其中内部的内源植物激素如赤霉素、生长素等的调控起重要作用，且内源激素不但通过内源激素水平调控，而且还通过激素间的相互作用调节和控制茎的伸长。笔者介绍了各种内源植物激素（如生长素与赤霉素、生长素与油菜素内酯，赤霉素与油菜素内酯，生长素与乙烯等）之间的相互作用调控植物茎的伸长生长的研究概况。     

Principle and Algorithm lmplement of Ehanced Full-rate Speech Coding

Speech coders have assumed considerable importance in radio communication systems as their performance,to a large extent,determines the quality of the recovered speech and the capacity of the system.In order to enhance the quality of speech,GSM puts forward the EFR speech coding algorithm.It bases on the LPC coder,the encoding information includes not only speech feature parameters,but also some wave information,due to the application of A_B_S and VQ. It can afford TD_SCDMA a feasible encodec algorithm,for its high quality and the 12.2kbps speech rate. This article starting with the principal concepts of speech coding,introduces the pringciple of speech coding and ACELP algebraic code book search algorithm in detail.     

利用水稻MAGIC群体关联定位白叶枯病抗性QTL和创制抗病新种质

以8个不同亲本构建的遗传上相互关联的多亲本高代互交系(multi-parents advanced generation inter-cross, MAGIC)群体,包括2个4亲本群体(DC1和DC2)和1个8亲本群体(DC3)为材料,接种我国白叶枯病强致病力V型菌系(GD-V)和弱致病力II型菌系(C2),关联分析定位MAGIC群体对白叶枯病的抗性QTL,筛选抗病种质。结果表明,大多数亲本对C2菌系表现抗病,而对GD-V表现感病,3个MAGIC群体的病斑长度均出现超亲分离。共检测到7个白叶枯病抗性QTL,大多表现数量抗性,而且抗性QTL表达存在明显的遗传背景效应。QBbr11-1和QBbr11-2受遗传背景影响较小,具有一定的育种应用价值。从3个群体筛选出8份不同抗病QTL聚合的抗病材料,表明质量抗性基因和水平抗性数量性状位点的结合可以显著提高抗性水平。8份不同抗病QTL的聚合系可以用作抗病育种的中间抗源。研究结果表明,MAGIC群体可以将遗传研究和育种应用有机结合,是遗传研究和开展标记辅助育种的理想群体。     

异色瓢虫对菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜的捕食作用

异色瓢虫是一种重要的捕食性天敌,可捕食多种蚜虫,在生物防治中具有很大应用前景。研究了异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫(即菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜)的捕食功能反应。结果表明:异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫的日捕食量中,其中四龄幼虫最大,成虫和三龄幼虫次之,1、2龄幼虫最小。捕食者对猎物的功能反应均属于Holling-Ⅱ型方程。     

Comparisons of quantitative trait locus mapping properties between two methods of recombinant inbred line development

Theoretical comparisons for quantitativetrait loci (QTL) mapping properties wereconducted among simulated recombinantinbred (RI) populations developed bysingle-hill (SH), complete bulk, and singleseed descent (SSD) procedures by MonteCarlo simulations based on variouspopulation sizes, heritabilities, and QTLeffects. Our simulations includedestimation of QTL effects, QTL positions,and statistical testing power in the RIpopulations by comparing the estimates withpreset values. The simulation resultsshowed that the single hill (SH) bulk andsingle seed descent RI populations weregenerally not significantly different withrespect to quality of estimated QTL effectsand positions. Furthermore, when each RIpopulation had 150 lines, each couldprovide desirable properties for QTLmapping. The results implied that a SH RIpopulation consisting of 75 or moreF₂-derived families with two lines perfamily (corresponding population size of150 or above) was appropriate for QTLmapping and was not significantly differentthan a SSD RI population of 150. Thus, theSH method could be used to develop largenumbers of RI lines for achieving betterresults in QTL mapping. Simulations alsoshowed that there was no significantdifference between means using SH methodswith 10 and 100 fruits per family. However, RI populations developed by thecomplete bulk method where F₂identities are lost were not suitable forQTL mapping.     

低温胁迫下钼对冬小麦光合作用特性的影响

研究了低温胁迫下施钼对冬小麦钼高效品系97003和钼低效品系97014叶片光合参数的影响。结果表明，低温胁迫下施钼显著提高2个品系叶片的净光合速率(P_n)和气孔限制值(L_s)，显著降低叶片气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和蒸腾速率(T_r)。随着低温处理时间的延     

CIII-1菌株胞外抗菌蛋白诱导辣椒抗炭疽病作用研究-对防御酶体系的影响

为了解CIII-1抗菌蛋白对辣椒炭疽病的防病机理,本文研究了用CIII-1抗菌蛋白处理后的辣椒果内可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）含量及过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性变化。结果表明：CIII-1抗菌蛋白粗提液喷雾后立即接种辣椒炭疽,9 d的防治效果为 81.82%,13 d仍有52.00%;抗菌蛋白处理辣椒果后,可溶性蛋白及MDA含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）变化不明显,其它3种防御酶在辣椒体内都有明显提高,但各酶活提高程度、酶活高峰出现的时间不同,说明不同的酶在辣椒体内发挥作用的时间不同。因此,CIII-1抗菌蛋白可通过诱导植株防御酶系活性的提高增强植株的抗病性。     

农户储粮害虫发生规律观察

农户储粮害虫以玉米象、麦蛾、书虱为主,以户计算的发生率为100%,锈赤扁谷盗、赤拟谷盗、米扁虫、谷蠹的发生率依次是20%、16.7%、16.7%、13.3%。随着仓温不断上升,4月上中旬开始见到玉米象、麦蛾成虫活动;7月中旬至8月中旬,仓温上升至30℃,经过3~4个月的发育、繁殖,玉米象、麦蛾虫口密度大,成虫活动频繁,并一直维持到9月下旬至11月中旬。气温为0~8℃的12月,也有玉米象、麦蛾的成虫活动。由于农户粮堆较小、天敌较多,因此,农户储粮害虫防治应以装具、清洁为主,以储粮防护剂为辅。     

羊驼毛纤维中黑色素含量的相关性研究

为研究羊驼毛纤维中黑色素含量的相关性,以为建立鉴定羊驼毛色的参数标准提供理论依据。选择肉眼观察认为表型不同的22种自然毛色的羊驼,每个表型选取3只羊驼,从背部采集羊驼毛,用不同的方法溶解,以乌贼黑为标准品,用紫外分光光度计法测定羊驼毛纤维中碱性可溶总黑色素(ASM)、真黑素(EM)和褐黑素(PM)的含量,通过单因素方差和线性回归曲线分别分析不同毛色羊驼毛纤维中黑色素的差异性和相关性。结果表明：ASM和EM在不同毛色的毛纤维中呈差异显著（分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;而PM呈差异不显著(P＞0.05)。线性回归曲线得到模式方程式：模式1：Sp.ASM＝-0.313+3.168×Sp.EM+E(R2：0.902,t=-3.732,P=0.000,E为误差项;模式2：Sp.EM＝0.285+0.143×Sp.ASM+E (R2：0.902,t=6.769,P=0.000,E为误差项。因此,羊驼ASM和EM与毛色具有很大的相关性,可以作为区别毛色的重要参数,二者间存在线性回归。     

五种储粮害虫11个品系的磷化氢抗性测定

本文运用FAO(1975)推荐的测定储粮害虫磷化氢抗性的方法，对米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、平米象和锯谷盗五种储粮害虫的11个品系进行毒力测定，得出它们的LC50值，米象的LS2和GDSo，玉米象HNZZSz—l和GDGZSz—l，谷蠢的QQRd和Rd一7，赤拟谷盗的QQTc-4、SDQHTc—l和HNSQTc—l以及锯谷盗VOs48和HNNYOs—1等11个品系的磷化氢致死中浓度(LC50)分别为0．0088和1．3006，0．0057和0．0058，0．0042和1．3779，0．0047、2．1009和0．9926以及0．0073和0．00090mg/L。其中磷化氢敏感品系为LS2、QQRd、QQTc—4、HNZZSz—l、GDGZSz—l、VOs48和HNNYOs—1；抗性品系为GDSo、RD-7、SDQHTc-l和HNSQTc—l，抗性系数Rf分别为148、327、449和212倍，抗性非常严重。测定结果为今后的磷化氢抗性研究工作提供了基础数据。     

Practical Methods of Investment Risk Analysis at Construction Project

This paper discusses practical methods of investment risk analysis at a construction project,applying the Xifang Economics Principle and the Mathematical statistics etc, It has reference value for improving the Feasibility Research(FR)and Investment Decisions.     

利用毛细管电泳法测定牛乳中乳铁蛋白含量

将样品经缓冲液处理,选择直径为50μm,有效长度为400mm的涂层中性毛细管柱,缓冲溶液为柠檬酸缓冲液(pH值为3.0±0.2),工作电压为21kV,检测波长为214nm,进行检测。结果显示,乳铁蛋白平均回收率为75%￣91%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%￣2.8%,最低检出限为0.003mg/mL。该方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,是快速检测乳品中乳铁蛋白含量的最适合的分析方法。     

小麦T、 K、 V型胞质不育系和杂种mtDNA的RAPD分析及育性相关片段的克隆

用RAPD技术对细胞质分别来源于粘果山羊草（Ae.kotschyi）、偏凸山羊草（Ae.ventricosa）、提莫菲维小麦（T.timopheevii）的三种普通小麦雄性不育系--K型、V型、T型及相应的保持系、恢复系以及杂种F1代的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行了比较分析。结果如下：（1）发现在mtDNA组织结构上K型、V型、T型不育系之间以及与保持系之间均     

Identification of genomic regions linked to blast (Pyricularia grisea) resistance in pearl millet

Blast disease causes serious economic yield losses in pearl millet. Identification and introgression of genomic regions associated with blast resistance can help to develop resistant cultivars to minimize yield losses incurred from blast outbreaks. In this study, 384 advanced pearl millet genotypes were screened against six blast pathotype-isolates (major pearl millet growing agro-ecologies of India), namely, Pg 45, Pg 118, Pg 138, Pg 186, Pg 204 and Pg 232. Analysis of variance showed significant (P < .001) variation among genotypes for blast reaction (susceptible to resistance). ICMR 08111 and ICMR 10888 genotypes showed resistance to all six blast pathotypes. A genome-wide association study performed with 264,241 single nucleotide polymorphic markers could successfully identify 15 SNPs (P = 1.26 × 10⁻⁷ to 9.22 × 10⁻¹²) underlying the genomic regions governing blast-resistance across five different chromosomes. The SNPs reported had a significant association in at least two of the three models tested (GLM, MLM and Farm CPU). These SNPs can be used in pearl millet-resistant breeding programmes after their function has been validated across different genetic backgrounds.     

细胞骨架抑制剂对玉米雄性不育细胞质粘滞度的影响

用细胞骨架抑制剂秋水仙素（ｃｏｌｃｈｉｃｉｎｅ）、细胞松弛素Ｂ（ｃｙｔｏｃｈａｌａｓｉｎＢ，ＣＢ）处理玉米同核异质体芽鞘，可使其细胞质的粘滞度下降，说明细胞质粘滞度与由微管、微丝等构成的细胞骨架密切相关；同核异质体四种细胞质粘滞度的强弱顺序为Ｎ＞Ｓ＞Ｃ＞Ｔ，在相同条件下，使粘滞度下降到同一程度所需的抑制剂浓度也为Ｎ＞Ｓ＞Ｃ＞Ｔ，说明粘滞度越大，细胞骨架受到抑制剂影响的程度越轻。造成同核异质体四种细胞质粘滞度存在明显差异的原因可能与其细胞骨架的特异性密切相关。     

Functional source separation to finger tappingrelated magnetoencephalography signal

It has been verified that the ICA can isolate sources from multi channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals. Based on the route of constrained ICA (cICA), this paper achieves a new solution of MEG inverse problem called functional source separation (FSS) by adding a functional constraint to the cost function of a basic ICA model. Source activity is obtained by applying this method to one MEG signal dataset under a self paced finger tapping task. The result is proved effective by calculating correlation coefficients between the weight vectors of function source separation method and the spatial filter coefficients of SAM method. It is found that finger tapping related functional source was localized in motor cortex of precentral gyrus. At the same time, the temporal and frequency information provided by FSS method could be a basis of exploring cortical control timing mechanisms associated with finger movements and extracting time frequency characteristics of the functional source.     

Intel I igent Distributed Control System- Combination of Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Control System

This paper gives a simple introduction about artificial intelligence (AI) and distributed control system (DCS). It suggests an idea of intelligent distributed control system (IDCS), moreover, in this paper, the hardware composition and the software composition of IDCS were provided.     

硼、钼对花生氮代谢的影响

取广东省花生主产区土壤研究硼、钼对花生氮代谢影响.结果表明,分别施用硼、钼和二者配合施用均可显著或极显著提高花生叶片的硝酸还原酶和根瘤固氮酶活性,促进花生固氮及对氮的利用,显著或极显著增加花生氮的积累量,促进氮素从营养器官向籽粒转移,提高花生产量和籽粒的蛋白质含量,并使土壤中有效氮含量提高.     

玉屏风复合多糖对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

为探讨玉屏风复合多糖对免疫功能损伤的调节和保护作用,以环磷酰胺80 mg/kg诱导的免疫低下小鼠为实验动物模型,通过检测小鼠的脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清溶血素和血清中IL-2等指标,观察不同剂量玉屏风复合多糖(100,200,400 mg/kg)对小鼠脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清溶血素和血清IL-2的影响。结果发现,玉屏风多糖能使免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数升高,促进脾淋巴细胞的增值;玉屏风多糖可促进正常小鼠血清溶血素抗体的生成,对抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠血清溶血素抗体分泌减少;玉屏风复合多糖能提高正常小鼠和免疫抑制的小鼠血清的IL-2水平,尤其以中、低剂量组效果较好。结果证实,玉屏风多糖能对抗环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫抑制,提高免疫功能,对小鼠的脾脏功能也有保护作用。     

大豆重组自交系Jinf的构建及主要农艺性状和SSR基因型分析

本研究以晋豆23为母本，灰布支黑豆为父本，用“单粒混传”法构建了一个含有474个家系的F10代的大豆重组自交系Jinf。2002年本研究组对F8代RIL群体Jinf进行生育期、形态性状、产量构成及抗逆性等29个性状进行了观察记载和统计分析研究。所有观察性状在RIL群体Jinf中均表现有较大的变异范围，绝大部分性状呈连续变异、正态分布，且存在双向超亲分离现象，表明这些观察性状大都为数量性状由多基因控制。从表型分析初步认为各家系内部趋于纯合。本研究进一步选取了能覆盖大豆基因组的355对SSR引物对RIL群体Jinf进行SSR分析，212对SSR在亲本中表现有多态性，多态率为59．72％。212对引物获得213个座位用来评估大豆群体的遗传结构，各座位在群体中的多态性指数趋向于0．5，在0．375—0．500范围内波动。160个SSR座位(75．12％)在群体中呈1：1的分离比，53个SSR座位(24．88％)在群体中偏分离，SSR座位的杂异率在0—9．32％之间。分析还表明111个家系(94．07％)趋于纯合，其中31个家系(26．27％)完全纯合，而有7个家系的杂合率在15．31—42．72％之间。分析表明大豆RIL群体Jinf的各个家系的基因型组成父本灰布支的贡献率为51％，初步表明双亲对子代的遗传贡献基本上是平衡的。偏斜度(Skewness=-0．1052)与峰值(Kutosis=0．1597)及X^2检验表明群体的基因型组成分布呈正态分布。本研究初步认为，大豆RIL群体Jinf是一个遗传结构合理，适合于大豆遗传作图、基因定位等基因组研究和育种应用的RIL群体。