火炬树果穗水浸提液对小麦种子萌发的化感效应

研究了不同浓度(10%、5%、2.5%和1.7%)的火炬树(Rhus typhina)果穗水浸提液对小麦种子萌发的化感作用.结果表明,火炬树果穗水浸提液对小麦种子的萌发具有强烈的抑制作用.1.7%、2.5%、5%和10%的火炬树果穗水浸提液处理的小麦种子萌发率从对照(蒸馏水处理)的98.9%分别降到81.1%、74.4%、46.7%和26.7%,萌发率、萌发指数和幼苗活力指数均显著低于对照(P＜0.05),而且萌发进程延迟.火炬树果穗水浸提液对萌发指数的化感效应最强,对幼苗活力指数的化感效应次之,对萌发速率系数的化感效应最弱.     

火炬树水浸提液对玉米种子萌发的化感效应

研究了不同浓度(0.10、0.05、0.025 g/L)的火炬树(Rhus typhina)凋落叶和宿存果穗水浸提液对玉米种子萌发的化感作用.结果表明:2种器官水浸提液对玉米种子的萌发均具有强烈的抑制效应,不同浓度的水浸提液处理的种子萌发率、萌发指数和幼苗活力指数均显著低于对照,而且萌发进程延迟.凋落叶水浸提液对玉米种子萌发的化感效应强于果穗水浸提液,两者均表现出明显的浓度效应.     

药用植物灯盏花与玉米轮作效应的初步研究

为了研究药用植物根际土壤对轮作农作物的化感作用并探究它们间的轮作效应,采用水浸法制备不同浓度的灯盏花根际土壤水浸提液,测定其对玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长的化感效应、玉米幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响变化。结果表明,灯盏花根际土壤水浸提液对玉米种子发芽率具有抑制作用,当处理浓度为从0.16 g/mL (C)上升到0.50 g/mL (A)时,种子萌发率从62%降低到58%,发芽率化感效应指数随着浓度上升而加大,水浸提液使玉米幼苗的SOD活性和POD活性随着水浸提液浓度的增加而加强。灯盏花根际土壤含有化感物质对玉米具有明显的化感作用,从而对玉米种子发芽及幼苗生长表现出抑制作用,玉米不宜与灯盏花轮作栽培。     

云南松凋落叶浸提液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以云南松种子为受体,研究了云南松凋落叶的水浸提液和乙醇浸提液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,从化感作用的角度探讨云南松天然林更新困难的成因。结果表明:云南松凋落叶水和乙醇浸提液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长均产生化感抑制作用(SEI<0),而且抑制强度随浸提液浓度的增加大致呈增强的趋势。研究结果表明,云南松凋落叶具有化感自毒作用,这也是导致云南松天然林更新困难的重要成因之一。     

黄花蒿对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应

以绿豆种子为受体,采用室内生测法,探讨黄花蒿不同部位水浸提液对绿豆种子的萌发率、幼苗生长及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:黄花蒿各部位(根、茎、叶)水浸提液随处理浓度增加,对绿豆的化感效应增强,对种子萌发的抑制强弱为:叶>茎>根,且随处理浓度升高,发芽率降低;对幼苗的根系生长表现为低浓度(20mg/mL根、茎水浸提液)促进,当浓度高达40mg/mL均有明显抑制作用;幼苗高度总体降低,最高降幅分别为46.29%,47.67%和56.48%;叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量也不同程度减少。可见黄花蒿影响绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长,因此大面积栽培黄花蒿或绿豆种植应考虑黄花蒿的化感效应。     

迷人杜鹃凋落叶水浸提液对其自身种子萌发的影响

为明确迷人杜鹃凋落叶是否具有化感作用,采用培养皿法,研究了不同浓度迷人杜鹃水浸提液对其种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:浸提液对迷人杜鹃种子发芽和幼苗生长的化感作用表现出"低促高抑"的浓度效应。在浓度为1 mg/m L时,促进了种子萌发、胚芽和胚轴长度的伸长,分别比对照增加了2.67%、17.71%和8.64%。在浓度为50 mg/m L时,发芽率降低77.88%,胚芽和胚轴长度降幅为65.82%、78.37%,抑制了植株生长。用浸提液浸种,在浓度为1 mg/m L时幼苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量提高,随着处理液浓度的提升,幼苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量降低,均可视为防碍生长的生理原因。     

长叶车前浸提液对一年生黑麦草种子萌发特性的影响

以饲用长叶车前(Plantago lanceolata L.)为试验材料,研究其不同浓度的水浸提液对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lamk.)种子发芽的影响。结果表明:长叶车前水浸提液对一年生黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数均有一定化感作用,0.1%、0.5%、1%的长叶车前浸提液处理种子与对照组发芽率、活力指数无显著差异,萌芽时间推迟;5%的长叶车前浸提液对一年生黑麦草种子萌发有显著的抑制作用,发芽率相比对照组较低。试验初步表明,长叶车前对一年生黑麦草存在高浓度抑制的化感作用。     

空心莲子草化感效应的初步研究

测定空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides Griseb)地上部和地下部水浸提液对小麦和油菜种子萌发、幼苗生长和一些生理过程的影响,研究空心莲子草的化感作用及其机理。结果显示,空心莲子草水浸提液对小麦种子萌发过程的影响主要表现在延迟发芽,而对最终萌发率影响不大;在油菜种子的萌发过程中,高浓度的水浸提液延迟了种子发芽,同时影响最终萌发率;在低浓度空心莲子草水浸提液的影响下,小麦幼苗植株生长增加,高浓度地下部分水浸提液则抑制了小麦幼苗根和苗的生长;在油菜幼苗的生长过程中,空心莲子草水浸提液均抑制了油菜幼苗的生长;另外,空心莲子草水浸提液处理过程中,小麦和油菜体内的超氧化物歧酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有显著变化。     

意大利苍耳的化感作用对油葵种子萌发的影响

实验在严格受控条件下研究了意大利苍耳不同器官的水浸提液对油葵种子萌发的影响,以评价在种子萌发阶段意大利苍耳对油葵的化感抑制潜力。结果表明,意大利苍耳各器官的水浸提液均对油葵种子萌发产生了强烈的、具有浓度和器官依赖性的化感抑制效应,随着浸提液浓度的提高,化感抑制活性显著增强;与根和茎相比,叶片和果实的化感抑制活性更强。意大利苍耳不同器官水浸提液不仅减缓了油葵种子的萌发速度、推迟了种子的萌发时间,而且显著地降低了油葵种子的萌发率;其中在100 g·L^-1浓度的根、茎、果实、叶片水浸提液中,油葵种子14 d的累积萌发率较对照组分别下降了27%、48%、53%和78%。因此,意大利苍耳凋落物和残茬的化感抑制作用所造成的油葵种子的萌发变缓、萌发延迟以及萌发失败,可能是导致油葵大量缺苗的重要原因之一。     

板栗叶水浸液对3种中药材种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

选取商洛道地中药材桔梗、黄芩和丹参,研究不同浓度(0,5,10,20,30,40 mg/mL)板栗叶水浸液对3种受体中药材种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,低浓度板栗叶水浸液对3种中药材种子的萌发有明显的化感促进作用,但随着水浸液浓度的不断提高,其对受体种子的化感促进作用逐渐减弱并消失,开始表现为抑制作用.板栗叶水浸液在5～20 mg/mL浓度范围内对3种受体中药材种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、相对电导率、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量以及幼苗根长、苗高均表现为化感促进作用,但超过其临界值就开始表现为化感抑制作用.其总体趋势呈“抛物线”形规律.板栗叶水浸液在试验浓度范围对桔梗、黄芩、丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长有一定的促进作用.     

不同生物质炭对玉米种子萌发及幼苗根系形态特征的影响

为探讨生物质炭对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以美玉(加甜糯)8号为试验材料,在光照培养条件下利用对照、500°C制取的竹叶生物质炭、烟秆生物质炭和小麦秸秆生物质炭进行萌发培养试验,分别对玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数,以及幼苗根系形态等指标进行测定。结果表明：生物质炭对玉米种子萌发无显著影响,而不同生物质炭对玉米幼苗根系发育具有显著抑制作用；竹叶、烟秆和小麦秸秆生物质炭对玉米根长抑制率分别为14.4%、59.7%和37.3%。本试验可初步得出结论：在生物质炭条件下,玉米种子萌发的敏感性比幼苗根系伸长小；而根系抑制率可作为生物质炭对植物毒性评估的一种良好的测试方法。     

骆驼蓬提取物对小麦玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

用乙醇和氯仿从骆驼蓬生长期的地上部分,提取出的醇溶物,脂溶物及水溶物,分别对小麦、玉米进行浸泡处理后,以种子萌发率和幼苗的植物生长量为指标,测定各提取物的生物活性,结果是：凡经处理的作物种子,其幼苗的生长率均有不同程度的提高。其中,小麦的生长率是醇溶物和水溶物处理最为显著,前者可使根系的生长率达91.03%,叶片达23.02%。后者可使根系生长率达68.99%,叶片达17.04%;而玉米的生长率是脂溶物和醇溶物处理最为显著,前者根系的生长率达35.36%,叶片达28.48%,后者根系达27.94%,叶片达30.88%。 处理对种子萌发的影响是与处理液的化学性质,浓度以及萌发的时间相关,醇溶物对种子萌发的抑制作用明显比水溶物和脂溶物强;低浓度的脂溶物和水溶物对种子萌发不显示抑制作用,高浓度的各提取物表现出不同程度的抑制作用,但随萌发时间的延长,即不再表现抑制作用。     

花楸树果实浸泡液的萌发抑制作用

对花楸树种子形态及果肉、种子、去皮种子不同浸泡时间下的浸泡液对小麦和白菜种子发芽率及幼苗生长的抑制作用进行了研究。结果表明,花楸树果实果肉、种子、去皮种子浸泡液中均含有水溶性萌发抑制物质,不仅抑制小麦、白菜种子萌发,而且抑制其幼苗高生长和根的伸长。在几种浸泡时间中,浸泡8小时的去皮种子浸泡液对白菜、小麦种子发芽率的抑制作用最为明显,其发芽率分别为65%、89%,但随着浸泡时间的延长而降低;浸泡8h的果肉浸泡液对白菜和小麦幼苗高生长和根伸长的抑制作用最为明显,种子和去皮种子浸泡液(8h)的抑制作用对小麦和白菜的抑制作用次之,随着浸泡时间的延长,果肉浸泡液的抑制作用逐渐减弱,因而采收下来的果实及时净种是清除果肉水溶性抑制物质简单有效的方法。种子内部所含的一些成分是引起种子休眠及发芽率低的内因。     

马尾松枝叶及枯落物水浸提液对火力楠种子发芽的影响

分别用不同浓度的马尾松枝叶及枯落物水浸提液对火力楠种子进行发芽试验.结果表明:不同浓度的马尾松枝叶及枯落物水浸提液对火力楠种子的萌发产生不同程度的影响.高浓度的马尾松枝叶及枯落物水浸提液对火力楠种子发芽有抑制作用,而低浓度则有一定的促进作用.     

紫茎泽兰对三叶鬼针草的化感作用研究

为了探索紫茎泽兰对三叶鬼针草的化感作用,研究了紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液和枯落物对三叶鬼针草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液对三叶鬼针草种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,种子发芽率逐渐降低,3%浓度时,种子已不能萌发,对胚根的抑制作用强于胚芽,对幼苗的生长有微弱的促进作用;枯落物水浸液对种子的萌发抑制作用弱于叶片水浸液,随着枯落物添加量的增加,三叶鬼针草长势越好,能够促进植株体内物质的积累。说明三叶鬼针草能够在紫茎泽兰入侵地上生长良好,可以采用三叶鬼针草代替紫茎泽兰,为紫茎泽兰的防控发挥作用。     

Cu胁迫对小麦种子萌发及遗传损伤的影响

研究Cu胁迫对小麦种子萌发,幼苗生长和细胞分裂的影响。结果表明:随着Cu胁迫处理浓度的升高,小麦种子的发芽率、芽长、苗高、根长,有丝分裂指数等均呈下降的趋势。低浓度的Cu对小麦种子发芽率的影响不大,而高浓度的Cu对种子发芽率有抑制作用。盐培比水培处理对小麦毒害严重。根尖细胞有丝分裂指数分别降低至对照的33.43%、36.74%、39.25%和39.31%,各浓度处理组与对照组间根尖细胞有丝分裂指数差异达到显著水平(p0.05),但4个处理组间差异不显著。     

亚麻荠种子萌发抗旱性研究初报

比较模拟干旱条件下亚麻荠与小麦种子的发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗苗长和脯氨酸含量，结果表明，随着干旱胁迫的加重，亚麻荠发芽指数和苗长下降趋势均以及脯氨酸含量增加趋势均低于小麦，小麦对干旱更加敏感。亚麻荠种子的外层胶质占种子总重的5.67%，可吸收181.31倍的水分，使种子在最初10min内即可吸收相当于自身重量8倍的水分，浸泡24h后吸水量达到10倍左右；而小麦种子浸泡24h后吸水量只有54.7%，据此认为这可能是亚麻荠种子抗旱性较强的原因。     

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Pre-sowing osmotic seed treatments were evaluated as a means of improving water uptake and germination performance of wheat ( Triticum durum L. cv. Hourani-27) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ACSAD 176) under four levels of water potential (0, –0.4, –0.8 and –1.2 MPa) created by using polyethylene glycol 8000. Seeds were osmoprimed in aerated solutions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 M KCl at 24 ± 2°C overnight and then rinsed and dried. Rate of water uptake by seeds was higher in osmoprimed than untreated seeds of both crops regardless of the water potential level. Decreasing water potential (more stress) adversely affected rate of water uptake in seeds of both crops. Seeds osmopriming increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination at high water potentials (low stress), whereas the germination at low water potentials (more stress) was not affected by osmopriming treatments. The effect of osmopriming on rate of water uptake, germination percentage, and time to 50% germination was more pronounced in wheat than in barley. Reduction in the lag time of imbibition may be accounted for in part by some germination rate enhancement in the osmopriming treatments. Fresh weight and length of shoots (plumules) and roots (radicles) were enhanced in osmoprimed seeds in comparison to untreated seeds, in both crops at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4 MPa). As water potential in the medium decreased, these traits were inversely affected regardless of osmopriming treatment. Longer roots in wheat compared to barley were noted in the positive osmopriming treatments at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4). These results might indicate that wheat is more responsive than barley at relatively high water potentials to osmopriming through rapid penetrating root system.     

Seed Priming with Ascorbic Acid Improves Drought Resistance of Wheat

The study, consisting of two independent experiments, was conducted to evaluate the role of seed priming with ascorbic acid (AsA) in drought resistance of wheat. In the first experiment, seeds of wheat cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and Lasani‐2008 were either soaked in aerated water (hydropriming) for 10 h or not soaked (control). In the second experiment, seeds of same wheat cultivars were soaked in aerated (2 mm ) AsA solution (osmopriming) or water (hydropriming) for 10 h. In both experiments, seeds were sown in plastic pots (10 kg) maintained at 70 % and 35 % of water‐holding capacity designated as well watered and drought stressed, respectively. Both experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with six replications. Drought caused delayed and erratic emergence and disturbed the plant water relations, chlorophyll contents and membranes because of oxidative damage; however, root length in cultivar Lasani‐2008 was increased under drought. Hydropriming significantly improved the seedling emergence and early growth under drought and well‐watered conditions; however, improvement was substantially higher from osmopriming with AsA. Similarly, osmopriming with AsA significantly improved the leaf emergence and elongation, leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll contents, root length and seedling dry weight. Owing to increase in proline accumulation, phenolics and AsA, by seed priming with AsA, plant water status was improved with simultaneous decrease in oxidative damages. These improved the leaf emergence and elongation, and shoot and root growth under drought. However, there was no difference between the cultivars in this regard. In conclusion, osmopriming with AsA improved the drought resistance of wheat owing to proline accumulation and antioxidant action of AsA and phenolics, leading to tissue water maintenance, membrane stability, and better and uniform seedling stand and growth.