务川几种野生百合的组织培养

采用正交试验的方法,在MS固体培养基上研究不同浓度蔗糖、6-BA及NAA对淡黄花百合、文山百合及野百合等3种务川野生百合芽增殖的影响,结果表明:淡黄花百合芽增殖的最佳培养基应为:MS +0.5 mg/L 6-BA +0.5 mg/L NAA+4％蔗糖,文山百合的最佳培养基应为:MS +0.5～1.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.5 mg/L NAA +3％蔗糖;野百合芽增殖的最佳培养基应为:MS+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+(2％ ～3％)蔗糖.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取石楠叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取石楠叶挥发油,平均出油率为1.32%。利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪对石楠叶挥发油成分进行分离和鉴定,共鉴定出51种化学成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的含量。     

利用太谷核不育小麦进行轮回选择的改良效应

由14个亲本的太谷核不育小麦不育株等量混合组成基础群体B_1,对其6个性状进行混合选择和单性状集团选择;由4个亲本的太谷核不育小麦不育株等量混合组成基础群体B_2,进行回交混合选择.结果表明,无论采取哪种方案,对单株籽粒蛋白质产量、穗粒数、百粒重和单株产量均具有较高的选择效率,三轮平均在5%以上.从单个性状的遗传进度看,集团选择效果最大;对群体的改良,以混合选择最优,其次是回交混合选择,二者均有利于群体方差的增大,而集团选择不利于群体方差的增大.就选择阶段而言,集团选择、混合选择和回交混合选择分别在第一、二、三轮选择效果最高.本文还对小麦轮回选择方法应用提出了新的看法.     

小滨菊组培快繁体系的初步建立

以多年生沼生植物小滨菊（Leucanthemella linearis (Matsum.) Tzvel.）的带芽茎段为外植体，开展了小滨菊组培快繁体系建立的研究。结果表明，小滨菊茎段的最佳启动培养基为MS+0.5 mg?L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg?L-1 NAA，启动率达到80%；最佳继代培养基为MS+0.5 mg?L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg?L-1 NAA，增殖效果良好，出芽指数平均达到9.2；最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.3 mg?L-1 NAA，生根率85.72%，根系生长状态良好。小滨菊茎段诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+0.2 mg?L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg?L-1 NAA，愈伤组织分化率最高的培养基为MS+1.0 mg?L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg?L-1 NAA，分化率可达70.00%。     

辣椒茎段离体扦插快繁技术研究

利用五彩椒茎尖培养进行快速繁殖周期短（40~50d）,且不存在基因型的差异,但增殖系数较低（每周期扩大1倍）。为了进一步扩大繁殖系数,克服其他外植体培养过程中基因型的影响,利用牛角椒的无菌种苗进行了辣椒茎段培养,筛选出了适宜的诱导茎段萌芽培养基和生根培养基。这两种培养基应用在不同来源的彩色辣椒无菌苗茎段,结果同牛角椒培养结果相似。最终试验结果表明适宜辣椒茎段离体扩繁的培养基为MS无机盐+改良MS有机物+NAA 0.1mg/L+IAA 0.2mg/L+CH 400g/L+AgNO3 3.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7g/L和MS无机盐+改良MS有机物+IAA 0.5mg/L+GA3 0.25mg/L+CH 400g/L+AgNO3 3.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7g/L;生根培养基为MS无机盐+B5有机物+NAA 0.1mg/L+IAA 0.2mg/L+AC0.2%+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7g/L。利用茎段培养不仅大大缩短培养周期,而且可以克服基因型的影响,扩大繁殖系数,提高种苗生产的效率。     

基于植物微扩繁器的草莓快繁技术的研究

为探究草莓在植物微扩繁器中液体增殖培养的适宜条件,以草莓无菌苗为材料,不加琼脂的MS为液体基本培养基,设计不同接种数量、不同浸润时间、不同培养液体积以及蔗糖浓度,对其进行研究。结果表明：在可自动更换培养液的植物微扩繁器中,当培养容器中草莓组培苗的接种数量为30株/瓶;培养系统的浸润频率6次/24 h,每次1 min;培养液体积150 mL/瓶;培养基中蔗糖浓度20 g/L时,草莓在植物微扩繁器中的增殖效果较好,增殖系数平均可达9.83,每瓶增殖芽数平均为295。该技术方法显著优于传统固体培养方法,为草莓苗的工厂化生产提供了技术依据。     

红叶乌桕组织培养技术研究

为了实现红叶乌桕优良种源和变异个体的种质保存和快速繁殖,以带腋芽茎段、茎尖、叶片为外植体,进行了红叶乌桕的组织培养技术研究。结果表明：6月中旬取半木质化茎段,用0.1%HgCl2灭菌5min,外植体接种成功率达79.5%;MS+KT0.5mg/L+IBA0.5 mg/L培养基适于试管苗继代增殖,20~25d继代一次长势良好;试管苗在MS+IBA0.5mg/L+KT(0.5~1.0)mg/L和1/2MS+IBA (0.1~0.5)mg/L培养基中生根效果较好,生根率在91.14%以上,平均主根数为6.49~13.03条/株。     

春荷鼎杂交根状茎的组培快繁的研究

摘要：【研究目的】本文采用传统品种春荷鼎与普通春兰杂交的继代根状茎为试材,对根状茎的增殖和分化进行研究。【方法】探讨不同培养基、转换培养基、6-BA与NAA、IBA对根状茎增殖、分化的影响。【结果】不同培养基对生长率有明显影响,1/2 MS为春兰根状茎的基本培养基;最适增殖培养基为1/2 MS+BA0.1+NAA0.1;根状茎的最佳分化培养基为1/2 MS+BA1.0+IBA1.0;以1/2 MS+BA1.0+IBA1.0培养基再转入B5+BA1.0+IBA1.0培养得交替培养方式,获得分化率达76%。【结论】组培快繁是培育春兰新品种的重要技术手段。     

Regeneration potential of CIMMYT durum wheat and triticale varieties from immature embryos

Twenty‐five durum wheat elite advanced lines and released varieties, and five triticale varieties were evaluated for their ability to produce embryogenic callus using three different media. For callus initiation and maintenance there were basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing double strains of macroelements and 2.5 mg/l 2,4D (DW1), basal MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l 2,4D (DW2), or basal MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4 D and coconut milk (DW3). Plant regeneration was achieved on basal MS medium with indoleacetic acid and 6‐benzylaminopurine, and plants rooted on MS with 1‐naphthale‐neacetic acid. DW3 medium proved better than the other media tested for embryogenic callus initiation and maintenance. Regeneration rates varied widely with both genotype and initiation medium, with values ranging from no regeneration to 100% regeneration; the plantlets produced per embryo ranged from five to 20. Fourteen of the durum wheat genotypes showed 63–100% regeneration from DW3 callus formation medium, four lines from DW1 medium, and two lines from DW2. Four of the triticale varieties had regeneration of 48–100% from DW3 medium. After six subcultures, over a 6‐month period, genotypes lost their ability to regenerate plants. Only 10 lines retained some plant regeneration potential but regeneration was at reduced levels. Successful regeneration of durum wheat and triticale varieties will be used as an integral part of the transformation process.     

A Finite Element Method for Quasi Static Problems of Two phase Porous Media

For the quasi static problems of two phase porous media,the velocity variable of fluid phase can be eliminated as the viscosity of fluid is neglected.The corresponding governing equations,with displacement of solid phase and pore pressure as basic variables,as well as the boundary and initial conditions are given out.Finally a mixed finite element formula with u S-p variables is obtained with weighted residual method.This method has lesser nodal variables and higher accuracy of pressure distribution.     

盐胁迫下粳稻品种南粳9108分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系

旨在明确盐胁迫下水稻分蘖发生与成穗规律及其优势叶位,为沿海滩涂水稻高产栽培的分蘖合理利用与调控提供依据。以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108为试材,设置对照(盐浓度0)、中盐(盐浓度0.15%)和高盐(盐浓度0.3%)环境,比较研究盐逆境下水稻分蘖发生与成穗特性及其对群体产量的贡献。结果表明,对照、中盐和高盐处理的两年平均产量(t hm–2)分别为9.7、7.4和4.2;中盐和高盐处理的穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于对照。与对照相比,中盐和高盐处理下拔节、抽穗和成熟期群体茎蘖数和成穗率均较低。对照的分蘖利用以一次分蘖和二次分蘖为主,一次分蘖发生在第3至第7叶位,第4至第6叶位是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位,二次分蘖则以1/4和1/5蘖位优势较强;盐胁迫的分蘖利用以一次分蘖为主,第4至第6叶位是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位。盐胁迫下各蘖位的穗长、每穗粒数、着粒密度、一次枝粳数及粒数、二次枝粳数及粒数均低于对照。与对照相比,盐胁迫下水稻单株成穗数少、个体和群体生长协调性差、穗型小,最终单株和群体产量低。     

4个新品种玉簪愈伤组织的诱导及组培扩繁研究

为建立4个玉簪新品种的组培再生体系,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同质量浓度6-BA和2,4-D,研究其外植体组培苗的愈伤组织诱导以及继代扩繁的最适生长培养基。愈伤组织的诱导中,高浓度的6-BA(≥3.0mg/L)与低浓度的2,4-D(≤0.1mg/L)配比有利于愈伤组织的生成。MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.3mg/LNAA+35g/L蔗糖+12g/L琼脂的培养基可以使HostaBigDaddy（编号H1）和‘金鹰’（编号H2）的增殖倍数分别达2.54和2.78,而MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.2mg/LNAA+30g/L蔗糖+11g/L琼脂可以使‘小黄金叶’（编号H6）的增殖倍数达3.01,而最适宜H15增殖的培养基则是MS+3.0mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/LNAA+30g/L蔗糖+12g/L琼脂。研究结果为4个新品种玉簪愈伤组织的诱导及组培扩繁研究提供了有利数据依据,在此方法下愈伤组织诱导率最大,并且扩繁增殖倍数最大。     

沙棘痕量挥发物采集方法探讨及成分分析

摘要:沙棘挥发物释放量极少,在采集和测定过程中,本底干扰是影响其精确定量的关键因子。针对采样装置中连接管路气味物质对沙棘挥发物的严重干扰,本研究对五种不同产地、不同材质的连接管进行挥发物采集,并通过热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用（TCT-GC-MS）进行测定。结果表明,美国产食品级聚氯乙烯管（PVC）杂质峰最小,比较适宜采集沙棘痕量挥发物。在近自然状态下,壬烷、辛烷、3-甲基丁醇、戊醛、2-甲基丁醛、2-壬烯醇、2-苯甲酸叶醇酯为沙棘枝叶主要挥发物组分。该方法可以降低干扰、提高信噪比,为低释放型植物挥发物的采集分析提供了新的参考依据。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

山新杨组织培养快繁技术研究

山新杨冬季枝条经FC处理,选择萌发新枝的茎段和叶片为接种外植体;诱导茎段产生腋芽的培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.2~0.5mg/L+NAA0~0.5mg/L,诱导叶片产生不定芽的培养基为1/2MS或MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L;丛生芽快繁培养基MS+6-BA0.3mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L,每20天继代一次,繁殖倍数20左右;生根培养基为1/2MS或MS,附加0.1~0.5mg/L的多效唑,对生根有促进作用。     

山新杨组织培养快繁技术研究

山新杨冬季枝条经FC处理,选择萌发新枝的茎段和叶片为接种外植体;诱导茎段产生腋芽的培养基为1/2MS 6-BA0.2~0.5mg/L NAA0~0.5mg/L,诱导叶片产生不定芽的培养基为1/2MS或MS 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L;丛生芽快繁培养基MS 6-BA0.3mg/L NAA0.3mg/L,每20天继代一次,繁殖倍数20左右;生根培养基为1/2MS或MS,附加0.1~0.5mg/L的多效唑,对生根有促进作用。     

不同有机物料对土壤基本化学性质及可溶性有机碳氮的影响

通过研究不同有机物料替代对河南潮土化学性质及可溶性有机碳/氮(DOC/N)分布的影响,探讨潮土适宜有机物料替代比例。结果表明:不同有机物料替代较对照明显提高了土壤基本养分的含量。其中,秸秆替代化肥40%处理土壤有机质和土壤碱解氮的含量提高最明显分别达到13.4 g/kg、93.99 mg/kg;牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%~40%显著提升了土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,分别达到0.90 g/kg、2.94 mg/kg、224.97 mg/kg。秸秆单独替代较牛粪秸秆共同替代对土壤DOC提升效果好,其中秸秆替代化肥40%处理DOC含量最高达到15.45 mg/kg;而牛粪秸秆共同替代则提高了DON,其中牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%处理的DON含量最大,为12.88 mg/kg。牛粪秸秆共同替代化肥30%处理的可溶性有机质的SUVA254 nm最高[16.24 L/(g·cm)],说明此处理有利于富含芳香环结构的有机质物质的积累。综上所述,其中秸秆替代40%和秸秆牛粪共同替代30%~40%对土壤基本肥力提升相对更明显。     

樱桃再生体系研究

摘要: 以樱桃枝条为材料,研究了樱桃离体培养及再生体系,探讨了不同激素组合对樱桃愈伤组织的产生、分化、增殖以及生根的影响,对樱桃再生体系进行优化,筛选出适合樱桃枝条腋芽诱导的培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;无菌芽各种外植体形成愈伤组织、分化和增殖的培养基为MS+BA0.5mg/L+2-4D0.5mg/L;壮苗培养基为MS;生根的培养基为1/2MS+NAA1.0mg/     

Improved Culture System for Microspores of Barley to Become a Target for DNA Uptake

For the winter barley cultivar ‘Igri’, a microspore isolation and regeneration procedure is described which allows the production of such vigorous micro-spore fractions that this single-cell system can be used as a target for DNA uptake. Up to 60 % of the vigorous microspores isolated from the anther, and cultured in liquid modified MS medium, formed embryoids and/or calli. Such preparations were used for trials in DNA uptake with the plasmid pBI 221. Transformation trials were performed with polyethylene glycol as the inducing agent. With this treatment, a relative increase of fluorescence could be shown under UV light indicative of transient expression of the uidA gene.     

赤桉优选株系离体培养和快繁技术优化的研究

对赤桉优选株系离体快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明:最适诱导培养基为MS BA0.5mg/L(以下单位同) NAA0.2 Vc3;增殖培养基为MS BA0.5 NAA0.1 IBA0.2;壮苗培养基为MS NAA0.1 IBA0.2;生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.1 IBA0.5;太阳闪射光和壮苗培养有利于赤桉生根;最适pH为5.8—6.0;组培苗移栽基质以30%泥炭土 70%黄心土成苗最好。