生活垃圾卫生填埋甲烷排放及减排研究进展

卫生填埋是生活垃圾最主要的处理方式,生活垃圾卫生填埋场产生甲烷(CH₄)等温室气体,加快全球气候变暖进程,引起各国政府的高度重视。笔者探讨了影响生活垃圾卫生填埋场CH₄产生的因素,对CH₄减排技术进行了总结。目前,生活垃圾卫生填埋场CH₄减排技术主要包括填埋层原位减排、资源化利用和末端控制技术等。为了控制和减少CH₄排放量,中国需要增加技术和设施投入,加强生活垃圾卫生填埋场气体排放的管理,开发有效的CH₄抑制技术,建立适合中国国情的CH₄等温室气体减排技术体系。     

贵阳市高雁城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场几种植物的重金属富集特征

为了解城市生活垃圾填埋场植物的重金属积累效应,对贵阳市高雁城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场几种植物的重金属富集特征进行了研究。结果表明：生长在该垃圾填埋场的商陆(Pokeberry root)、尾穗苋(Amaranthus caudatus)、青蒿(Sweet wormwood Herb)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)等5种植物的Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni平均含量分别为1.31 mg/kg、17.59 mg/kg、78.52 mg/kg、8.97 mg/kg。重金属元素在填埋场土壤-植物系统中迁移的难易顺序为：Ni＞Zn＞Cd＞Pb,其中,喜旱莲子草对 Cd和Zn 的富集程度最大,富集能力最强的部位分别在根部和茎部;尾穗苋对Pb的富集程度最大,富集能力最强的部位在叶部,而对Ni富集程度最大的是商陆的茎部。植物相同部位不同种间和同种植物不同器官间各重金属元素的积累效应均存在差异,但除Cd在种间差异显著外,均无显著性差异(P≤0.05)。     

大数据视角下农业科研信息资源共建共享模式探索

随着农业科技创新活动的不断深入，农业科研信息的存储、挖掘、分析和共享等方面面临着巨大的压力。以大数据的视角，通过对农业科研大数据的共享与利用过程中存在问题的研究和探析，从中国农业科研大数据资源全局性、系统性出发，结合农业科研数据资源共享与利用的实践工作，围绕“存”、“用”和“管”等3个方面，探讨了农业科研大数据资源的共建与共享模式。根据农业科研大数据物理分布相对分散的特点，提出了大数据保存及使用分层的组织结构，据此提出了相关建议，旨在以此为提升中国农业科研大数据资源的共享与利用水平提供一些有益的参考。     

不同品种小麦光合和产量性状的比较研究

为选用豫北地区适宜推广的高产小麦品种,以高产潜力品种‘豫麦49-198’,‘兰考矮早8’,‘周麦22’、‘豫农202’、‘偃展4110’为试验材料,在大田种植条件下,进行不同品种小麦光合和产量性状的比较研究。结果表明：‘豫麦49-198’叶片叶绿素含量较高,光合产物积累量较低,穗粒数和千粒重均为最低;‘兰考矮早8’在叶片叶绿素含量和干物质积累上均占有优势,但产量因素中穗数较低;‘周麦22’不仅光合能力和籽粒灌浆能力较高,产量因素也达到较大程度的协调;‘豫农202’在穗数上占有优势,但是光合能力较低,千粒重低;‘偃展4110’的产量因素也较为协调,但叶绿素含量和干物质积累能力低。综上,‘周麦22’产量结构较为协调,在提高小麦的产量方面具有较大的潜力,是高产超高产适宜推广的种植品种。     

农业种子科技档案的信息化建设与开发利用

随着现代科学技术的快速发展，信息技术已经渗透到档案管理的各个层次，档案的信息化建设已经成为现代档案管理与开发利用的重要手段。档案的信息化是将档案资源和档案管理过程数字化，以各种通信技术、计算机技术以及相关信息技术为工作手段和技术支持，完成信息传输，实现档案资源的合理、有序、有效的开发和利用，最终实现档案信息资源的社会共享。     

特色农业产业壮大农村经济实力

特色农业产业是一项结构完整的系统212程，可以有效地延长农业产业链，提高农产品附加值，提高农业综合效益。建设和发展特色农业产业化经营，要按照建设社会主义新农村和推进现代农业建设的要求，以特色农业资源为基础、以特色农业人才为支撑、以特色农业项目为依托、以创建独特品牌为方向，坚持资源合理配置、发挥区位优势、因地制宜、保护农业生产资源和环境、推进农业产业化进程的原则，积极探索特色农业发展之路。     

农业南繁的形成发展与重要影响

三亚及其周边地区拥有中国独一无二的热带资源，能够提供动植物周年生长、繁殖的优良自然条件，每年冬季全国的农业科技人员利用其特殊的天然大温室，在当地建立实验站、工作点，从事科研、生产、经营等活动，促成中国农业南繁基地的形成。50年来，南繁基地已成为中国农业科技硅谷，南繁事业已成为中国农业中不可替代的重要组成部分，为农业发展做出了重要贡献。     

中国农业信息资源建设与利用问题研究分析

中国农业信息资源建设已经取得了明显的成效,但在开发与利用中仍然存在着问题。对农业信息资源建设与利用中的问题从政策、技术、组织、服务、及产业措施等方面进行了研究与分析,为农业信息资源的建设与利用提供理论参考。     

单层膜充气温室有望在国内的花卉、种苗生产中应用

<正>单层膜充气温室技术发源于充气膜结构。充气膜结构是二战前后发展起来的新技术,起初用于军事领域,所用膜材料为半透明的纤维膜。近年来随着设计理念和材料的更新,这项技术陆续被用于体育馆所、仓储、垃圾填埋场所覆盖等。2008年后,随着高强力透明膜材料合成成功,充气膜技术迅猛地被用于农业生产领域。目前在美国、日本、加拿大、德国、澳大利亚等国家都陆续开始进行单层充气膜温室建造,     

冰菜种子采后处理技术和萌发温度的研究

探寻冰菜蒴果的采收期、烘干温度、种子大小及催芽温度，为冰菜的种苗繁育提供技术支持。选用冰菜蒴果和种子为试验材料，研究蒴果不同采收期、蒴果烘干温度、种子大小及催芽温度对种子萌发的影响。结果表明，在冰菜蒴果变为黄色，含水量低于20%时，采收的种子发芽率最高，褐果发芽率次之，青果最差；0.7-0.9mm大小的种子萌发率最高，为82.3%；对蒴果进行烘干处理发现，40℃烘干5.5h的蒴果易碾碎脱粒，种子含水量7%以下，种子发芽率89%以上；25℃催芽处理种子萌发率最高，为83%。当冰菜蒴果变为黄色时及时采收，然后经过40℃烘干5.5h后进行碾碎处理，再经0.7-0.9mm网筛处理后种子的种子发芽率最高，种子最适催芽温度为25℃。     

关于打造绿色品牌发展武汉都市农业的思考

作为现代农业的一种新形态,都市农业是城乡一体化的结果。21世纪初,武汉市开始进行都市农业的探索,经过几年的发展已初具规模,但在激烈的市场竞争中,绿色农产品品牌竞争力不强的问题,制约着武汉市都市农业的进一步发展。对武汉市绿色农产品品牌经营现状以及绿色品牌建设中存在的劣势进行了实证分析,并从发展名优产品农业、加大新品种开发力度、采用生物种植技术和推进农业标准化生产4个方面提出打造绿色品牌发展武汉都市农业对策建议。     

Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.     

The Competitive Administer plan for Taohua River Water Environment in GuiLin

The thesis introduces the origin of demonstrate item on the city water environment quality improvement-tao-hua river water environment competitive administer, analyzes the current situation and cause of taohua river valley pollute and ecological destroy, and summarizes the gain and loss in projects which have taken place in the domestic city water environment competitive administer. On the base, a collectivity idea is put forward that it should stress recovering and rebuilding ecosystem on the item. Due to the water environment in taohua river is representative, if the item can be favorably carried out, it not only improves GuiLin water environment, makes people life advantage and expands city tour, but also produces important affects to the other domestic cities in the condition of using marketable economy means to improve city water environment quality.     

Environment Principle in the City Illumination

Through the analysis on components of the environment,the essential factors affecting the city illumination,such as human beings,light and objects,are discussed in this paper with the help of environment psychology.On the basis of people's visual characteristics and psychological needs,the characters of illumination of the city in whole,city square,buildings and garden landscape are summarized and the laws of city illumination are revealed.It is found that designing the city illumination should create not only a visual environment but coordination with city spatial elements and physiological sense of human beings,offering a psychological environment in harmony with function atmosphere.The author finally puts forward his thinking on city illumination which combines the natural condition,object form,people's visual characteristics and environmental features based on the environment principle.     

The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Industry Structure of Landfills

ABSTRACT Over the past twenty years, the environmental regulation of landfills has become increasingly restrictive both at the federal and state levels. Using a panel dataset of Ohio landfills, we developed a theoretical framework to explain the landfill operators’ responses to regulatory actions, and then estimate an empirical model of changes in industry structure. Because not all Ohio counties have landfill operations, we hypothesize that there is self‐selection in the location of landfills, which is accounted for with an appropriate econometric model. The study finds that environmental regulations had significant impact both on the location of landfill operations and concentration of the industry during the time period studied.     

One-dimensional Steady-state Model for Gas Pressure Distribution in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Gas pressure distribution in landfills is of great importance to control hazards and improve recovery of landfill gas. An one-dimensional steady-state model and its solving approach are presented for gas pressure distribution in layered waste landfills. The model can be used to investigate the gas pressure distribution of the landfill with horizontal gas collection layers having specified pressure or flux. The influences of layered properties, horizontal permeable layer under final cover and horizontal gas collection layers and bottom leachate drainage systems dually serving as gas collection layers on gas pressure distribution are investigated. The results of parameter analyses using the presented model show that the assumption that homogenizations of gas generation rate and gas permeability through a landfill considerably overestimate gas pressure in landfill; horizontal permeable layer under final cover and horizontal gas collection layers can effectively reduce gas pressure in landfills; the bottom leachate drainage systems dually serving as gas collection layers can significantly reduce the gas pressure in the lower portion of landfills. The presented model provides a useful tool in the designing of landfill gas collection systems, such as, the positions and spacing of horizontal gas collection layers and pump section.     

Water Environment Carrying Capacity Assessment about Mining Cities in Central Liaoning Province

Blind number theory was used to evaluate water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) in mining cities of central Liaoning Province, P. R. China to prompt the balanced development of water environment with human activity. The research was based on the characteristics of water environment systems with numerous uncertainties such as random, fuzzy, and grey ones which may occur simultaneously or partially in a system. An indicator system for WECCs was established. The indicators were set as blind number and the WECC in mining cities of central Liaoning Province subsequently were calculated. Study results show that from 1997 to 2005, the WECCs in the mining cities Anshan and Fushun of central Liaoning Province were below the safe level, but the WECC in Benxi city was rather safe. By the comparative analysis of a system under uncertainty with that under a condition of certainty, the results of the blind number model regarding WECC was reasonable. This model is well adapted for WECC assessment.     

Planning and Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Constructed Wetland

In addition to purifying water, constructed wetland has become an important ecological landscape in city. The characteristics and key design points of constructed wetland under the ecological principles were explored, taking the Jingyue Lake in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province for example, treatment processes were designed for different infl ow waters on the basis of site analysis to facilitate the water environment control and ecological landscape construction, ecological theories were applied to explore functional layouts and landscape designs of wetland, to build a favorable ecological environment of urban wetland and design outstanding wetland ecological landscapes.     

Tourism Marketing Strategies for Satellite City against the Background of New Urbanization

Considering the development features of new urbanization, and tourism development conditions of Xinzhou District, Wuhan City, this paper explored the inner integrated point of new urbanization and tourism industry, and on this basis proposed strategies for tourism marketing of satellite city by innovating traditional marketing, and applying new marketing methods, so as to build a high-efficiency, high-coverage marketing network, to promote the development of urban tourism, the integration of industries, and economic strength of satellite city, and to push forward the further implementation of new urbanization.     

驻马店市林业发展布局初探

根据驻马店市不同地域的自然条件和林业发展现状及存在的问题,结合驻马店市林业发展的优势与潜力,对驻马店市林业发展的布局进行了初步探讨。把驻马店市林业发展的布局划分为七个区域并提出了具体的建议。