不同品种小麦光合和产量性状的比较研究

为选用豫北地区适宜推广的高产小麦品种，以高产潜力品种‘豫麦49-198’，‘兰考矮早8’，‘周麦22’、‘豫农202’、‘偃展4110’为试验材料，在大田种植条件下，进行不同品种小麦光合和产量性状的比较研究。结果表明：‘豫麦49-198’叶片叶绿素含量较高，光合产物积累量较低，穗粒数和千粒重均为最低；‘兰考矮早8’在叶片叶绿素含量和干物质积累上均占有优势，但产量因素中穗数较低；‘周麦22’不仅光合能力和籽粒灌浆能力较高，产量因素也达到较大程度的协调；‘豫农202’在穗数上占有优势，但是光合能力较低，千粒重低；‘偃展4110’的产量因素也较为协调，但叶绿素含量和干物质积累能力低。综上，‘周麦22’产量结构较为协调，在提高小麦的产量方面具有较大的潜力，是高产超高产适宜推广的种植品种。

A Comparative Study on Photosynthesis and Yield Characteristic of Different Varieties of Wheat

In order to select appropriate varieties in wheat production in northern Henan province, 5 varieties which grown widely and had great potential for high yield were chosen as field experiment materials. They were ‘Yumai 49-198’, ‘Lankao aizao 8’, ‘Zhoumai 22’, ‘Yunong 202’ and ‘Yanzhan 4110’, respectively. In this experiment, the comparative study on photosynthesis and yield characteristic of these 5 varieties were conducted from 2010 to 2011. Each variety was sown with suitable sowing rate at the same sowing time. The results showed that, ‘Yumai 49-198’ had higher chlorophyll content, while the accumulation of photosynthetic products was lower and the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were the lowest. ‘Lankao aizao 8’ had an advantage level in the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation, but the spike number was the lowest. ‘Zhoumai 22’ not only had a higher capacity of wheat photosynthetic and grain filling, production factors also achieved a significant degree of coordination. ‘Yunong 202’ had an advantage level in the spike number, but the capacity of photosynthetic and 1000-grain weight were lower. The yield factors of ‘Yanzhan 4110’ were more compatible, but the capacity on the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation was lower. Summing up the above, the yield component traits of ‘Zhoumai 22’ were more compatible, and the potential yield was higher. Among these varieties, ‘Zhoumai 22’ was the more appropriate variety for high and super-high grain yield.