Onion seed productivity,nutrient use,and quality response to drip fertigation in semi-arid India

Crop productivity and nutrient use are mainly water restricted in semi-arid regions. This study was conducted to find out whether the onion seed crop productivity could be elevated through drip fertigation. The effects of irrigation and fertigation levels on yield, yield components, quality, and nutrient use of onion seed crop (Allium cepa L.) were investigated at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, western India on a sandy clay loam soil. Irrigation water applied at evapotranspiration (ETc) levels at 80% (I₁), 90% (I₂), and 100% (I₃), whereas drip fertigation levels at 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of recommended dose [120:60:60 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) kg/ha] were investigated. Three-year experiment results showed no significant differences in number of seed per umbel, seed yield per umbel per plant, seed and straw yield per hectare from the comparison between 100% ETc and 90% ETc. In fertigation, 120% and 100% levels gave significantly higher values of yield components and seed yield than the 80% and 60% levels. The quality parameters decreased with decrease in ETc, but increased with increase in fertigation levels. Fertilizer-use efficiency (FUE) was highest in 60% fertigation and then declined with the increase in fertigation levels. Irrigation at 100% ETc and fertigation at 120% resulted in higher nutrient use, but the difference with 90% ETc and 100% fertigation was non-significant. The 90% ETc and 100% fertigation dose (120:60:60 NPK kg/ha) appears a useful practice to increase onion seed productivity under the semi-arid climate of western India.     

Optimum plant stand and nutrient doses for summer groundnut under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation in light black soils of peninsular Western India

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh for consecutive three summer seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2015 with the objectives of identifying optimum plant density and nutrient doses under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation for higher productivity and net returns. The treatments were; three plant densities viz., 3,33,333 plants/ha (100% of recommended plant density; P1); 4,16,666 plants/ha (125% of recommended plant density; P2), and 4,99,999 plants/ha (150% of recommended plant density;P3) in main plots, and three nutrient doses viz., 18.75–37.5–22.5 NPK kg ha^?1 (75% of recommended nutrient dose; F1), 25-50-30 NPK kg ha^?1 (100% of recommended nutrient dose; F2), and 31.25–62.5–37.5 NPK kg ha^?1 (125% of recommended nutrient dose; F3) in sub-plots, and replicated thrice. The same sets of treatments were tested under both check basin irrigation and drip fertigation. The data were analyzed using split plot design. Pod yield, haulm yield, and net returns were significantly higher with P3 as compared to P1 under check basin irrigation but only haulm yield was found significantly higher with P3 under drip fertigation. Under check basin irrigation, NH₄–N, NO₃–N, and available P and K in soil were found in the order P1?>?P2?>?P3 (p?<?0.05) while in case of drip fertigation, differences were significant only for available K which was significantly higher in P1 over both P2 and P3. Under check basin irrigation, F2 i.e., application of 100 percent of recommended nutrient doses, being at par with F3, significantly improved pod yield, haulm yield and net returns over that with F1 however, differences were not significant under drip fertigation. NH₄–N, NO₃–N and available P and K in soil under both the irrigation systems were in the order F3?>?F2?>?F1 (p?<?0.05).     

Drip fertigation and irrigation interval effects on growth,productivity, nutrient,and water economy in summer peanut

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of irrigation intervals and fertigation on growth, yield, and quality of peanut as well as an account of fertilizer and water savings under drip irrigation combined with fertigation. Pod and haulm yields and economics of peanut with application of irrigation water at I_1, i.e. 4 day interval through drip (10 day in surface irrigation) did not differ significantly compared with I_2, i.e. 6 day interval through drip (15 day in surface irrigation). However, significantly higher kernel and oil yields were obtained at I₁ and also recorded higher partial factor productivity (PFP). Our study showed that drip irrigation saved 37.2% irrigation water over surface method. Fertigation at 75% Nitrogen & potassium (NK) through drip with 75% P in soil (F₃) significantly improved pod, haulm, kernel, and oil yields by 14.3%, 11.5%, 13.9%, and 12.3%, respectively, while net returns increased by INR 13,499 ha^?1 over 50% NK through drip with 50% P in soil (F₂) and at par with others. Fertigation at 50–100% NK with 50?100% P in soil (F₂ to F₄) could save 36.4–37.3% irrigation water over F₁. Maximum PFP was recorded under F₂.

Abbreviations: N: Nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; M: million     

Nutrients uptake and water use efficiency of drip irrigated maize under deficit irrigation

Little is known about nutrient uptake during different growth stages of drip irrigated maize under deficit irrigation. A 2-year field study in the semi-arid region of Upper Egypt was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five replications during the summer of 2016 and 2017. Maize plants were irrigated with 100, 80, or 60% of water requirements. Maize growth was negatively affected by the lower water supply. Total uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) by maize irrigated with I₁₀₀ increased by 21, 25, and 21% compared to that irrigated with I₆₀. I₈₀ reduced the grain and straw yield by 8 and 17% compared to I₁₀₀. Under deficit irrigation water was used efficiently more than full water supply. NPK requirements of drip irrigated maize under deficit irrigation are less than those irrigated by full water supply thus help to sustain the environmental ecosystem and increased the economic returns.     

Effect of Drip Fertigation on Yield,Water Use Efficiency,and Nutrients Availability in Banana in West Bengal,India

Field studies were conducted during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 at the Gangetic alluvial plains of West Bengal, India, to assess the different levels of drip fertigation at variable evaporation replenishment compared to surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization on yield, water use efficiency, and nutrients availability in plant and ratoon crop of banana. The experiment was laid in an Augmented Factorial Complete Block Design with three replications having three drip irrigation schedules at 50%, 60%, and 70% of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) and three drip fertigation schedules at 50%, 60%, and 80% of recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers with inclusion of conventional surface irrigation at 100% of IW/CPE. The results showed that fruit yield of plant and ratoon crop increased progressively with increasing levels of irrigation water (up to 60% CPE) and NPK fertigation through the drip system. However, maximum fruit yield and water use efficiency of crops was obtained with drip irrigation at 60% CPE with NPK fertigation at 80% of recommended dose. Drip irrigation, as a whole, registered higher fruit yields and water use efficiency with savings of 38.3–41.5% of water compared to surface irrigation. Availability of N, P, and K in soil at vegetative, shooting, and harvesting stages for plant and ratoon crop consistently increased with increasing rate of irrigation water and NPK fertigation through the drip system. Higher availability of macronutrients in soil was recorded with drip irrigation at 70% CPE with 80% of recommended drip NPK fertigation. Overall drip fertigation system improved the available plant nutrients in the soil as compared with traditional surface irrigation.     

Studies on method and rate of fertilizer application in apple under mulch in north-western Himalayas

Different methods of fertilizer application-drip fertigation and conventional fertilizer application under drip, surface irrigation, and rainfed conditions were evaluated during 2009–2012 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shimla, India. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. Results suggest that fertigation significantly increased growth parameters over conventional methods. Fruit yield was significantly higher under fertigation (13.7 t ha^?1) over conventional fertilizer application with drip (11.6 t ha^?1), surface irrigation (10.6 t ha^?1), and under rainfed (8.6 t ha^?1). Fruit quality parameters were also superior under fertigation. Fertigation maintained higher available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content in 0-30 cm soil layers. Available phosphorus (P) was higher in 0-20 cm soil depths in all the treatments. Fertigation with 80 and 100 percent recommended NPK dose registered statistically comparable results. In addition to higher productivity, fertigation resulted in 20 percent fertilizer savings over drip irrigation and 20 percent fertilizer besides 40 percent water savings over surface irrigation.     

Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Fertilizer Use on Vegetative Growth of Drip Irrigated Cherry Trees

ABSTRACT

The effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer use under drip irrigation (DI), on vegetative growth of mature cherry trees were studied in two field experiments. Treatments for the assessment of deficit irrigation consisted of two drip line arrays: double drip lines (T1) and loop (T2) as main treatments. Three irrigation levels: irrigation at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc or I1), 75% ETc or I2, and 50% ETc or I3, constituted the sub-treatments. To assess soil fertility practices, the main treatments consisted of T1 and single drip line (T3) arrays; sub-treatments were two fertilizer regimes: basic fertilizer recommendation plus 0.5 m³ sheep manure per tree (F1) and basic fertilizer recommendation plus 1300 g potassium sulfate, 350 g of zinc (Zn), 140 g of iron (Fe), and 600 g ammonium phosphate (F2). Total irrigation amount, which was applied routinely in control treatment (7466.7 m³ha^{? 1}), was less than the crop water requirement (8764.5 m³ ha^{? 1}). A significant correlation between both the length of young branches and canopy volume with annual applied irrigation water was observed. Mean canopy volume under T1 was 26.0 m³ tree^{? 1}, which was significantly less than 28.6 m³ tree^{? 1} under T2. Water use efficiency (kg m^{? 3}) was increased by water stress, but there was no significant yield reduction from I1 to I2. Concentration of Fe, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) in leaf samples increased with the use of double drip lines array compared to use of single drip line array and it was higher under F2 fertilizer level. The concentration of calcium (Ca) in leaf samples was higher than critical level in all treatments. We conclude that I2 irrigation level and F2 fertilizer management was the most efficient practice for cherry trees in the study area.     

Productivity of capsicum as influenced by fertigation with chemical fertilizers and humic acid

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertigation through drip on nutrient distribution and productivity of capsicum. The experiment was set up in Randomized Block Design with three levels of fertigation (100, 80 and 60% of recommended NPK) without humic acid (sole fertigation) and with humic acid (combined fertigation). Combined fertigation registered lower available N and K and higher available P in deeper soil layers. Fruit yield was 17–27 percent higher under combined fertigation over sole fertigation. Fertilizer use efficiency was higher in combined fertigation. Significantly higher N, P and K uptake was also observed under combined fertigation. Further, growth and yield of capsicum were statistically at par between 100 percent (sole fertigation) and 80 percent recommended NPK dose (combined fertigation). The results, therefore, ensures the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with more economic and environmentally safe organic materials when applied through drip.     

PLANT NUTRITION IN RESPONSE TO DRIP VERSUS BASIN IRRIGATION IN YOUNG ‘NAGPUR’ MANDARIN ON INCEPTISOL

Evaluation of drip irrigation treatments scheduled at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of alternate day cumulative pan evaporation (Ecp) against basin irrigation method was undertaken in 1-year-old ‘Nagpur’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees budded on rough lemon [Citrus jambhiri (L)] rootstock on an alkaline Inceptisol soil type for three seasons during 2003–2005. Growth responses showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher annual increase in tree height (0.44–0.50 m), scion girth (37–45 mm), and canopy volume (0.508–0.986 m³) under drip-irrigation except irrigation at 40% Ecp, compared to tree height (0.40 m), scion girth (36 mm), and canopy volume (0.463 m³) under basin irrigation. The highest magnitude of increase in different growth parameters was observed with drip irrigation at 80% Ecp, which produced the net water saving of 32% over basin irrigation method. Response on leaf nutrient composition under drip irrigation at 80% Ecp likewise produced the similar response, [2.27% nitrogen (N), 1.98% potassium (K), and 121.8 ppm iron (Fe)], significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than under basin irrigation (1.12% N, 1.04% K, and 98.3 ppm Fe), with other nutrients, e.g., phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) remained unaffected.     

Combined Effect of Poultry Manure and Soil Mulching on Soil Properties,Physiological Responses,Yields and Water-use Efficiencies of Sorghum Plants under Water Stress

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was planned to determine the effect of deficit irrigation, mulching and poultry manure application on sorghum grain, forage yield and water-use efficiencies. Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt. Eighteen treatments comprising of two rates of rice straw as soil mulching (SM; zero and 10 ton per hectare), three irrigation treatments (I_100% = 100%, I_85% = 85% and I_70% = 70% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and three poultry manure (PM) levels (0, 24 and 36 ton per hectare) were studied under controlled surface irrigation system. Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application. Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased. The results showed that underwater scarcity, application of (I₈₅ × PM₃₆× SM₁₀) treatment was found to be favorable to save 15% of the applied irrigation water as compared to I₁₀₀, at the time produced the same sorghum yields.     

Nitrogen doses on physiological attributes and yield of sugarcane grown under subsurface drip fertigation

Soil hydric availability and nitrogen fertilization are important environmental factors that influence sugarcane production. In the present study, the physiological attributes SPAD index, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and sugarcane productivity were assessed under different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha^?1) applied in the form of urea via subsurface drip fertigation. The physiological attributes were determined 38, 121, 208, 291, and 381 days after the third harvest (DAH), and stalk and sugar productivity at 381 DAH. The 100 kg N ha^?1 dose has produced better results for the sugarcane physiological attributes. Increasing doses of nitrogen applied via subsurface drip fertigation increased the productivity of stalks and sugar considerably.     

Response of Leek (Allium porrum L.) to Different Irrigation Water Levels Under Rain Shelter

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water levels on water-use efficiency, yield and growth parameters of leek (Allium porrum L.) and was carried out in the practical research field of Ondokuz May?s University in Turkey. Different irrigation water levels were based on the weight changes of each pot and included 5 irrigation treatments [25% (I₂₅), 50% (I₅₀), 75% (I₇₅), 100% (I₁₀₀) and 118% (I₁₁₈) times of consumed water]. Decreases in irrigation water resulted in decreases in plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights and leaf area, but did not significantly affect leaf number or chlorophyll content. A yield-response factor of 1.26 was obtained, implying that the leek crop was sensitive to water stress caused by deficit irrigation. Comprehensive analysis of yield, water use efficiency, and evapotranspiration, the I₇₅ treatment can be suggested for leek production in water-scarce regions.     

Water management for maize grown in sandy soil under climate change conditions

To reduce climate change risks on maize yield grown in sandy soil, agricultural management practices must be studied. The aim of the study was to determine whether improved water management practices could reduce the vulnerability of maize to drought stress by climate change. Eight fertigation treatments in addition to farmer irrigation (control treatment) were tested. Two climate change scenarios were incorporated in the CropSyst model to assess maize yield responses to variable fertigation regimes under different climate change conditions. The results showed that under current climate, the highest and lowest water productivity (WP) values were obtained when irrigation was applied using 0.8 and 0.6 potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with fertigation application in 80% and 60% of application time, respectively. The highest WP under the tested climate change scenarios was obtained when irrigation was applied using 1.2 and 0.8 of ETc with fertigation application in 80% of application time, respectively, in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Irrigating maize grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation with an amount of either 1.2 or 0.8 of ETc with fertigation application in 80% of application time are recommended to enhance the WP and reduce maize’s damage caused by extreme climate change.     

Fertigation of humic substances improves yield and quality of broccoli and nutrient retention in a sandy soil

There is lack of information available concerning the effect of humic substances (HS) applied via fertigation on plant growth in sandy soils. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at El‐Saff district (20 km southwest of Cairo), Egypt, to investigate the role of HS fertigation on water retention of a sandy soil, yield and quality of broccoli (Broccoli oleracea L.) as well as on soil nutrient concentration retained after harvest. The experiment consisted of six fertigation treatments (50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended NPK‐fertilizer rate for broccoli combined with and without HS application at 120 L ha^–1) in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Humic substances affected spatial water distribution and improved water retention in the root zone. Furthermore, application of HS increased total marketable yield and head diameter of broccoli as well as quality parameters (i.e., total soluble solids, protein, and vitamin C). Higher nutrient concentrations were found in the broccoli heads and concentrations of plant‐available nutrients in soil after harvesting were also higher, indicating an improvement in soil fertility. In conclusion, HS fertigation can be judged as an interesting option to improve soil water and nutrient status leading to better plant growth.     

不同灌溉施肥方式对香蕉生长和产量的影响

通过田间试验,研究比较了几种不同灌溉施肥方式对香蕉生长和产量的影响。5灌溉方式,即:传统浇灌（CK）、喷水带、滴灌带、微喷灌、滴灌的研究结果表明,与浇灌相比,滴灌在香蕉周年生长中的灌水量仅为浇灌处理的27%,产量增加15.6%;微喷灌灌水量为浇灌处理的31.6％,产量增加5.6％。     

微润灌溉施肥对干热区芒果光合特性、产量和水肥利用的影响

为探明干热区芒果高效生产的灌溉施肥模式,应用微润灌溉施肥技术在西南干热区开展大田芒果试验。以7年生"贵妃芒"为试验材料,设置4种灌溉模式和3个施肥水平。4种灌溉模式为全生育期充分灌溉(FI,100%ETC)和3个生育阶段调亏灌溉(RDI),调亏阶段分别为开花期、膨大期和成熟期(RDIFS、RDIES和RDIMS),调亏阶段的灌水水平为50%ETC,非调亏阶段为100%ETC。3个施肥水平为高肥(FH)、中肥(FM)和低肥(FL)。研究不同水肥处理对芒果光合特性、产量和水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同生育期RDI均可显著减小芒果净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),而增大叶片瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)。相同灌溉水平下,开花期和膨大期Pn、Gs和Tr随施肥量的增加而增加,WUEi随施肥量的增加先增后减,成熟期Pn、Tr和WUEi随施肥量的增加而增加。与FI处理相比,RDIFS减少芒果单果重量、产量和肥料偏生产力(PFP)分别为11.74%,23.43%,23.98%,RDIES分别减少为21.09%,20.29%,20.50%,RDIES和RDIMS分别提高灌溉水利用效率IWUE为11.87%和32.81%。与FM相比,FH减少产量和IWUE分别为4.17%和4.06%,FL分别减少6.75%和6.67%,PFP随着施肥量的增加而减少。与CK相比,除RDIMSFM处理增加产量6.36%和RDIMSFL增加不明显外,其余处理减少3.14%~31.76%,RDIMSFL处理下的PFP和RDIMSFM处理下的IWUE取得最大值,分别为363.93 kg/kg和15.80 kg/m3,与CK相比均显著增加。因此,综合考虑产量和IWUE等指标,RDIMSFM处理最优,是干热区芒果适宜的微润灌溉施肥模式。     

Growth and Nutritional Response of Melon to Water Quality and Nitrogen Potassium Fertigation Levels under Greenhouse Mediterranean Conditions

The Mediterranean area has been experiencing an extensive development of intensive horticulture, with a majority of that located in arid and semi-arid regions with limited water resources and poor water quality. One of the most important greenhouse vegetable crops is melon. This article studies the effects of different nitrogen–potassium (N–K) fertilizers applications and two types of irrigation water on yield and nutritional behavior of melon crop Cucumis melo L. (var. cantalupensis Naud. Alpes). The trial was conducted during two cycles under Mediterranean greenhouse conditions, on sandy mulching soil. The experimental design was bifactorial: NK fertigation and water quality, with three nutrition levels and two water qualities [MS with electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.6 dS m^?1 and HS with EC = 2.3 dS m^?1]. During the first cycle, the fertigation levels were F₁ (50% NK), F₂ (100% NK), and F₃ (125% NK). In the second cycle, the fertigation levels were F₂, F₄ (125% N and 150% K) and F₅ (180% N and 220% K). Treatment F₂ was the recommended total doses (220 kg N ha^?1 and 355 kg K ha^?1). The increase in the NK concentration of the nutritive solution produced a rise in commercial production. The salinity of irrigation water did not affect marketable yield but had an effect on the fruit size, which was compensated for by an increase in the amount of fruit produced. Dry-matter production, N, and K uptake by plant (g m^?2) were evaluated in the first and second trials. Salinity and NK nutrition levels significantly affected (P < 0.05) dry matter and N and K uptake by melon plant. Nitrogen and K uptake present interesting correlations with production and with each other, as established by mean regression analysis.     

Effect of deficit irrigation on drip-irrigated wheat grown in semi-arid conditions of Upper Egypt

Shortage of water in arid and semi-arid regions increases the need of applying efficient drip irrigation system. A two-year field study in the semi-arid region of Upper Egypt was carried in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Wheat plants were irrigated by 100 or 75% of water requirements (I₁₀₀ = 5,370 and I₇₅ = 4,027 m³ ha^?1). Irrigation of wheat by I₁₀₀ increased growth and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to low irrigation level. I₁₀₀ caused 14 and 5% increase in straw and biological yield, respectively, compared to I₇₅. Grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were higher by 20 and 59% in the case of I₇₅ compared to I₁₀₀. The use of deficit irrigation in drip-irrigated wheat under arid conditions is an effective tool to maximize efficiency of water use; moreover, 4,027 m³ ha^?1 is the optimum irrigation rate for maximum WUE and grain yield.     

不同灌溉方式和灌水量对北疆加工番茄生理生长及产量的影响

为探讨不同灌溉方式和灌水量对滴灌加工番茄生长特性、生理特性、产量及灌溉水利用效率的影响,寻求适宜新疆干旱地区加工番茄种植的灌水组合模式,优化干旱地区滴灌加工番茄种植管理。采用桶栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式,即分根区交替灌溉(APRI)、固定灌溉(FPRI)和常规灌溉(CI)分别与滴灌覆膜结合,在3个灌溉水平(充分灌溉1 060mm、中度亏水810mm和重度亏水560mm,APRI和FPRI的灌水量为CI的2/3)下对加工番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、光合、荧光、产量、灌溉水利用效率的影响,并得出最佳灌水组合模式。结果表明:9个处理间加工番茄各生育期株高变化规律均为CW1AW1CW2AW2FW1CW3AW3FW2FW3(平均值);茎粗变化规律均为AW1 AW2CW1CW2 AW3FW1CW3FW2FW3(平均值);叶面积指数变化规律为AW1CW1CW2AW2FW1CW3AW3FW2FW3(平均值);株高、茎粗和叶面积指数的最大生长速率均表现为AW1CW1CW2AW2FW1FW2CW3AW3FW3;灌溉方式和灌水量交互作用对各生育期Pn和Tr均具有极显著影响(P0.01),在同一灌溉方式下,Pn和Tr均随着灌水量的增加而增加,在AW1处达到最大值。W1水平下,Pn和Tr变化为APRICIFPRI(平均值)。W2和W3水平下,Pn和Tr变化为CIAPRIFPRI(平均值);灌溉方式对加工番茄各生育期功能叶Fv/Fm、Fv/F0的影响显著(P0.01),对qp的影响显著(P0.05);灌水量对加工番茄各生育期功能叶Fv/Fm、Fv/F0的影响不显著(P0.05),对花果期及膨大期qp及NPQ的影响极显著(P0.01);灌溉方式和灌水量交互作用均对加工番茄各生育期荧光参数的影响达到极显著水平(P0.01)。其中,产量(Y)最大值出现在AW1处理,为3.41kg/盆;最小值出现在FW3处理,为1.31kg/盆,相对增加1.60倍。研究认为分根区交替灌溉充分灌水条件可作为适宜本地区的灌水组合模式,本研究可为新疆干旱区滴灌加工番茄高效节水生产提供科学依据。     

北方夏玉米滴灌施肥一体化技术应用效果

为有效提高夏玉米水肥利用效率,通过田间试验对滴灌施肥一体化高效调控与利用技术进行系统的探究。结果表明,与常规漫灌(T1)相比,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术(T2和T3)可显著提高夏玉米大喇叭口期至灌浆期的叶面积指数;显著促进吐丝期至成熟期的干物质积累;在产量构成因素方面显著增加穗粗和穗粒数,并在一定程度上降低玉米穗的秃顶长度,进而显著提高夏玉米的产量。与T1相比,T2和T3增产5.32%~6.13%;水分利用效率提高36.10%~39.42%;氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别提高37.56%~35.29%、23.09%~30.30%、106.21%~121.51%。此外,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术可显著提高夏玉米生产经济效益。与T1相比,T2和T3可有效降低投产比,收益率平均提高4.71个百分点。在化肥用量较常规灌溉模式减少20%条件下,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术既能显著提高夏玉米产量,又能提高经济效益,是适宜在潮土区推广的一种高效节本增收的灌溉模式。