棉隆熏蒸与微生物有机肥联用对西瓜枯萎病的防控研究

通过田间试验评估了土壤熏蒸和微生物有机肥联用对西瓜枯萎病的防控效果及对西瓜产量与品质的影响。试验设置3个处理:对照(CK)、棉隆熏蒸结合普通有机肥处理(OF)、棉隆熏蒸结合微生物有机肥处理(BOF)。结果发现:与CK相比,BOF处理和OF处理均显著降低西瓜枯萎病发生率,病害防治效果分别为65.8%和54.1%;BOF处理还显著增加连作西瓜产量(增幅达33.4%),提高西瓜中心糖含量(增幅达15.9%)和糖酸比(增幅达13.4%)。棉隆熏蒸处理土壤细菌和真菌数量均显著低于CK,尖孢镰刀菌数量下降3个数量级;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、荧光素二乙酸酯酶活性以及土壤微生物碳源利用多样性指数、均一性指数较CK均显著降低。棉隆熏蒸后施用有机肥可使土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及微生物碳源利用多样性逐步恢复,其中BOF处理土壤微生物数量和酶活性恢复速度和强度更大、病原菌数量及病原菌与真菌数量比最低、微生物碳源利用多样性指数最高。结果表明,利用棉隆对连作西瓜土壤熏蒸20 d能显著减少病原菌数量,配合施用微生物有机肥,能快速改善土壤微生物区系和恢复土壤酶活性,降低枯萎病的发生,并有效促进西瓜生长,提高西瓜产量及品质。     

茄子与香蕉轮作配施生物有机肥对连作蕉园土壤微生物区系的影响

连作现象在香蕉生产上非常普遍,而长期连作会导致严重的连作障碍。本文针对香蕉连作障碍,选择连作香蕉13年的地块,采用常规方法结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,在田间条件下研究了轮作茄子配施生物有机肥对高发枯萎病连作蕉园土壤可培养微生物数量、土壤化学性状以及土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:与连作香蕉相比,轮作茄子处理可显著降低可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量,使其数量从种植初的10~4 cfu·g~(-1)(干土)下降到10~3 cfu·g~(-1)(干土),同时提高了土壤p H,增加了土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮含量。无论是轮作还是连作种植模式,与配施普通有机肥相比,配施生物有机肥对可培养尖孢镰刀菌、真菌和细菌数量影响均不显著;但在轮作模式下,施用生物有机肥处理的细菌数量与真菌数量比值(B/F,381.2)显著高于配施普通有机肥处理(270.3)。PCR-DGGE分析结果表明,轮作茄子配施生物有机肥显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构,增加了细菌丰度、稳定性和多样性,其中多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数,3.22)较连作香蕉配施普通有机肥处理(2.89)显著增加。以上结果表明,茄子与香蕉轮作有利于连作蕉园土壤的微生态环境,同时轮作配施生物有机肥效果更优。     

施用微生物有机肥对连作条件下西瓜的生物效应及土壤生物性状的影响

为探讨施用微生物有机肥对连作条件下西瓜生长、土壤微生物的影响,在西瓜连作3年的土壤上采用小区试验方法分析施用微生物有机肥对西瓜的生物学效应及对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。试验设置4个处理,依次为健康菜园土育苗(CK)、健康菜园土育苗+定植期增施微生物有机肥(施肥量为每株25 g)、健康菜园土+微生物有机肥育苗(微生物有机肥︰健康菜园土=1︰49)、健康菜园土+微生物有机肥育苗+定植期增施微生物有机肥(施肥量为每株25 g)。结果显示:在育苗及定植期均施用微生物有机肥使西瓜的生物学性状得到显著改善。与对照相比,施用微生物有机肥使西瓜株高、叶片数、叶绿素含量、植株氮、磷、钾吸收总量以及西瓜品质、产量显著增加(P<0.05);同时,微生物有机肥富含优质碳源和微生物,健康菜园土育苗+定植时增施微生物有机肥和健康菜园土+微生物有机肥育苗+定植期增施微生物有机肥处理土壤中细菌总量与对照相比分别增加24.9%~51.0%和35.7%~55.8%,放线菌数量分别增加18%~41%和15%~35%,真菌数量分别增加7.4%~21.9%和4.9%~31.9%;土壤中有益菌数量和放线菌与真菌的比例增加可有效抑制尖孢镰刀菌活性,对枯萎病的防治率高达83%以上。微生物有机肥能激发连作土壤有益微生物活性,显著改善和调节连作西瓜生长,对西瓜的连作障碍有明显缓解作用。     

微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂防治烟草青枯病

盆栽试验设置了五个处理:对照(T1)、施用普通有机肥(T2)、施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥(T3)、石灰处理土壤后施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥(T4)、石灰和碳铵处理土壤后施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥(T5),用DGGE和平板计数法研究了根际土壤微生物群落的多样性,旨在探讨微生物有机肥及微生物有机肥结合土壤改良剂对烟草青枯病的防治效果和对烟草根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响.结果表明:连作土壤中,施用普通有机肥(T2)不仅不能防治烟草青枯病,还提高了烟草青枯病的病情指数,而施用微生物有机肥处理(T3、T4和T5)对烟草青枯病的防治效果达66.7％～87.9％;施用微生物有机肥可显著改变根际微生物区系结构:T2处理的根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量较T1处理略有增加,真菌数量则较T1处理增加了1.1倍;T3和T4处理的根际土壤细菌分别较T1处理增加了3.5倍和6.1倍,同时,放线菌数量分别增加了3.7倍和3.5倍,而真菌数量分别下降了66.2％和70.1％;T5处理的根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量较T1处理分别增加了13.6倍和5.1倍,真菌数量下降了75.0％;各处理的细菌群落多样性均较T1处理增加.初步研究表明,连作病害土壤用石灰和碳铵预处理后再施用SQY-7号微生物有机肥能有效防控烟草青枯病和减缓连作生物障碍,其作用机制主要通过改变微生物区系和降低病原菌数量实现.     

番茄青枯病的土壤微生态防治研究

采用田间试验、微生物培养、BIOLOG GN微平板培养分析，研究了新开地、连作地施用生态有机肥前后土壤微生物多样性与番苗青枯病的关系。结果表明，新开地没有发生青枯病，连作地番茄青枯病发病率为100％，连作地施用生态有机肥后，青枯病发病率降低至49.86%，土壤真菌、放线菌的数量略微增加，细菌的数量变化不大，但平板中真菌、细菌、放线菌的不同形态菌落数明显增多。新开地、施用生态有机肥处理土壤微生物群落在BIOLOG GN微平板温育过程中的AWCD值、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数、Alatalo均匀度均显著高于连作地土壤，PIE相遇几率则相反，新开地与施用生态有机肥土壤之间无显著差异。由此说明，施生态有机肥能提高土壤微生物多样性，从生态水平上抑制番茄青枯病的发生。     

产脂肽菌株发酵生物有机肥的生物防治与促生作用研究

选取对番茄青枯菌有明显抑制作用的产脂肽菌株XZ-173,与有机肥混合发酵制成生物有机肥。通过温室盆栽试验,评价了该生物有机肥对番茄青枯病的防治效果及对番茄的促生效用。结果表明,生物有机肥能够显著降低青枯病发病率,相对防效达56.8%。与施用化肥和未添加XZ-173的有机肥处理相比,施用该生物有机肥能显著提高番茄植株叶绿素含量、番茄地上部和地下部生物量、根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量,显著降低根际土壤中真菌数量。生物有机肥的有益效果使其在作物种植中具有广阔的应用前景。     

拮抗菌强化的生物有机肥对西瓜枯萎病的防治作用

由西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)引起的西瓜枯萎病是导致西瓜生产毁灭性损失的土传病害,当前对该病尚无有效的防治措施.为了探索该病的生物防治效果,本研究从土壤中分离筛选西瓜枯萎病的拮抗菌,制成生物有机肥,通过温室盆栽试验检验防病效果,并对与拮抗相关的拮抗菌葡聚糖酶进行分子生物学检测.从不同土壤中分离纯化到对西瓜枯萎病菌有潜在拮抗作用的细菌172株,通过平板对峙法筛选出抑菌率在60％以上的拮抗细菌13株,从中挑选出2株抑菌率最高的菌株Cy5和CR38,分别用其与已腐熟的有机肥制成生物有机肥BIO5和BIO38.盆栽试验结果表明,BIO5在防病和促进西瓜生长方面表现优于BIO38.与对照相比,BIO5和BIO38对西瓜枯萎病的相对防治率分别为75％和25％.BIO5处理植株的株高、地上部鲜重、地上部干重分别比对照增加64.8％、63.0％和50％.施用生物有机肥还能显著改变根际土壤的微生物组成.BIO5处理根际土壤的细菌和枯草芽孢杆菌数量分别比对照增加48.5％和61.1％,真菌和尖孢镰刀菌的数量比对照分别下降52.1％和70.2％.分子生物学分析表明,菌株Cy5属于Paenibacillus jamilae菌株,并含有类似于P.polymyxa的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶.本研究结果说明,拮抗菌强化的生物有机肥对西瓜枯萎病有防治潜力.     

长期施用有机和无机肥对红壤微生物群落特征及功能的影响

以建于1990年的湖南祁阳长期有机无机定位试验为平台,选择不施肥、无机肥、有机肥及有机肥化肥配施4个处理,利用高通量测序和实时荧光定量技术,研究了长期施用有机肥和无机肥祁阳红壤细菌和真菌的群落特征;利用常规分析方法,研究了土壤微生物呼吸、酶活性和土壤基本理化性质,探索了长期施肥的土壤微生物群落结构与其功能以及土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明,长期施肥改变了土壤的pH值和养分循环;长期施用有机肥增加细菌与真菌种群丰度和多样性;单施化肥增加了真菌种群丰度与多样性,但是对细菌的种群丰度与多样性影响不大;施肥显著改变了土壤细菌与真菌的群落结构,细菌群落结构的改变显著影响土壤微生物呼吸、β-纤维素二糖水解酶以及酚氧化物酶的活性,而真菌群落的改变对微生物的功能影响不明显。本研究表明,施用有机肥不但可以缓解化肥引起的土壤酸化,还能支持更大、更丰富的微生物群体,从而维持更高的土壤活性,对维持或提高土壤肥力具有重要意义。     

秸秆有机肥交替施用对黑土理化特性及菌群结构的影响

为阐明秸秆、有机肥交替施用方式和施用量对黑土耕层理化特性及细菌、真菌群落结构的影响,于2017～2018年,设"有机肥→秸秆"(AB)、"秸秆→有机肥"(BA)两种施用模式,每种模式下设3个施用量(有机肥15000、30000、45000 kg/hm~2;秸秆9000、12000、15000 kg/hm~2),不施秸秆、有机肥为对照(CK),共7个处理,研究了土壤含水量、温度、容重、紧实度、粒级、pH、电导率变化,应用高通量测序技术分析了玉米根际土壤细菌、真菌群落变化特征。结果表明:秸秆、有机肥交替施用可降低0～20 cm土层土壤容重、紧实度,且AB模式优于BA模式。AB模式可显著降低0～20 cm土层土壤温度,BA呈相反规律。秸秆、有机肥交替施用后可改善土壤团聚体状况,降低≥0.25 mm土壤大团聚体含量,优化土壤物理结构。秸秆、有机肥交替施用,中等施用量处理显著降低土壤真菌群落多样性,其中AB模式显著影响土壤微生物群落结构,且随施用量增加,处理间差异逐渐增大。有机肥、秸秆交替施用,土壤容重、紧实度、pH是影响土壤细菌群落的主要因子,而真菌受土壤温度、pH、紧实度影响较大。两种模式下各处理较CK均可提高变形菌门、Saccharibacteria、拟杆菌门相对丰度,降低硝化螺旋菌门相对丰度,AB模式表现最佳;真菌方面,AB模式下各处理较CK提高担子菌门相对丰度,降低子囊菌门相对丰度。同时,研究表明提高有机肥、秸秆施用量可提高被孢霉门相对丰度。     

有机氮替代部分无机氮对香蕉生产和土壤性状的影响

改善施肥方式,利用有机肥替代部分化肥是指导农业合理施肥、维持土壤可持续利用、保证我国农业可持续发展的必然趋势。本文研究了有机氮替代部分无机氮对香蕉产量、品质、枯萎病发病率及土壤微生物群落的影响,为香蕉生产中减少化肥使用提供理论依据。试验共设置4个施肥处理:常规氮、磷、钾化肥(T1),商品有机肥替代20%无机氮肥(T2),商品有机肥替代30%无机氮肥(T3);商品有机肥替代40%无机氮肥(T4)。测定香蕉长势、枯萎病的发病率、产量、品质以及土壤理化性质、土壤可培养微生物。结果表明,有机氮肥替代无机氮用量的20%～40%均能满足香蕉正常生长的需要,并且相比于单施化肥,替代处理香蕉枯萎病发病率显著降低,香蕉产量显著增加,有机氮替代无机氮显著提高土壤有机质,减缓土壤酸化以及提高土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量,同时降低土壤可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量和真菌数量,增加土壤可培养细菌数量,提高B/F,使土壤向细菌型土壤转化。并且香蕉枯萎病发病率与土壤有机质、速效氮磷钾和可培养细菌呈显著负相关,与可培养真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著正相关,主成分分析显示T4、T3处理的土壤质量水平最高,T2处理的土壤质量水平次之,T1处理最低。综上,连续有机氮替代40%无机氮处理提高土壤质量和土壤微生物群落结构、提高土壤抑病性作用、满足香蕉生长、提高香蕉产量最为显著。     

熏蒸条件下有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长及养分利用的影响

基于田间大棚试验,采用等量养分原则,分析生物有机肥、蚯蚓粪、鸡粪等不同有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长、产量、品质以及养分利用的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥部分替代化肥均不同程度提高了西瓜叶绿素含量、光合性能、产量及品质,其中以蚯蚓粪与化肥配施效果最佳,其光合性能显著高于单施化肥,产量提高了33.63%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量分别增加了14.07%,14.47%和17.52%。有机肥部分替代化肥施肥处理的肥料利用率高于单施化肥,土壤养分元素依存率低于单施化肥,以蚯蚓粪配施化肥作用效果最为显著,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为26.02%,5.67%和29.89%,土壤氮、磷、钾素依存率分别为20.96%,20.32%和31.55%。熏蒸处理的西瓜枯萎病发病率整体低于未熏蒸处理,其中熏蒸条件下蚯蚓粪部分替代化肥施肥处理西瓜发病率最低,仅为4.76%。     

Control of Fusarium wilt disease of cucumber plants with the application of a bioorganic fertilizer

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer application either with or without antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis SQR-5 and Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21) on the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum J. H. Owen wilt disease in cucumber. The incidence of Fusarium wilt disease was 5.3–13.5% for cucumber plants treated with bioorganic fertilizer, while it was 30.3–51% in controls (only with organic fertilizer). Higher yields and lower disease incidences were observed in the dry season when compared with the wet season for both types of organic fertilizer treatments. Biolog analysis showed a significant change in soil bacterial composition and activity after bioorganic fertilizer application. The numbers of colony-forming units of F. oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum J. H. Owen for bioorganic-fertilizer-treated soils were significantly decreased compared with control. Scanning electron micrographs of cucumber basal stems showed a presence of mycelia-like mini strands accompanied by an amorphous substance within the xylem vessels. This amorphous substance and mini strands were richer in calcium and phosphorus but had low carbon and oxygen than the living mycelia. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopic analysis showed that the antagonistic bacteria produced the antifungal compounds fusaricidin A, B, C, and D with molecular weights of 883.5, 897.5, 947.5, and 961.5 Da, respectively. The application of bioorganic fertilizer has a great potential for the control of F. oxysporum wilt disease in cucumber plants.     

有机肥配施对番茄土传病害的防治及土壤微生物多样性的调控

在田间试验条件下,采用施用基肥和追肥的方法,结合Biolog技术,分析了不同有机肥配合施用对番茄土传病害的防治效果及对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,并探讨了有机肥防治作物土传病害的机理及意义。结果显示,有机肥的施用对大田番茄青枯病、枯萎病、茎基腐病等3种土传病害均有显著的防治效果,粉状有机肥和液体有机肥配合施用时防病效果最显著;有机肥的施用还改善了土壤微生物群落结构。土壤微生物群落的AWCD和Shannon index与作物发病情况有较好的一致性,显示施肥提高土壤微生物多样性,对土传病害的防治有重要的影响。     

Effects of dazomet on soil organisms and recolonisation of fumigated soil

Fumigation is a common practice to control soil pathogens, but little is known about the impacts of fumigation on other soil biota groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fumigation on soil biota, including microorganisms, nematodes, and microarthropods. Bacteria were the most resistant group and some survived following treatment with 2000 mg kg⁻¹ dazomet. Some soil fungi survived 100 mg kg⁻¹ dazomet, although they were mainly Trichoderma. The fungi pathogenic to ginseng were all killed at 100 mg kg⁻¹, and showed both inter- and intra-species variation with respect to dazomet susceptibility. Among the nematodes, Aphelenchus was relatively resistant. The results suggested that susceptibility of soil organisms to dazomet differs between species, and that tolerant organisms may engage in recolonisation. In microcosm experiments, the microbial biomass and community were assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis while recolonisation of soil organisms was controlled by mesh size. The bacterial PLFA levels were changed little after fumigation, whereas the fungal PLFA levels gradually increased after fumigation. Principal analysis of the PLFA levels and the ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria showed that fumigation altered the microbial community. The number of nematodes did not recover even at 12 weeks after fumigation. The increased Collembolan numbers suggest that fumigated soil could be recolonised by specific organisms that have adapted to the conditions. In field experiments, we tested the ability of organic materials to enhance the recolonisation of fumigated soil by soil organisms. Bean powder and rice bran increased the microbial PLFA levels and nematode numbers at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, and the abundance of nematodes continued to increase 42 weeks after fumigation. The abundance of microarthropods was only slightly affected by the presence of the organic materials. We suggest that treating fumigated soils with organic materials is an effective technique to promote soil organism numbers. In addition, Trichoderma was observed to be relatively resistant to fumigation, and therefore, we propose that the fumigation effect can be improved by using a combination of resistant Trichoderma and dazomet.     

Microbial dynamics and natural remediation patterns of Fusarium‐infested watermelon soil under 3‐yr of continuous fallow condition

Long‐term monoculture of watermelon results in inhibited growth and decreased crop yields, possibly because of imbalance in microbial ecology caused by accumulation of the pathogen in soil. This results in serious problems in the economics of watermelon production. We investigated the build‐up of Fusarium in soil under watermelon cultivation and changes over 3 yr of fallow in a microcosm. We focused on changes in the microbial community of Fusarium‐infected soil, including the diversity of the microfloral species composition, and species abundance. Long‐term monoculture of watermelon leads to changes in microbial diversity and community structure. The microbes most readily cultured from infested soil were suppressed by watermelon wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON). Of 52 isolated and identified culturable microbes, 83.3% of bacteria, 85.7% of actinomycetes, 31.6% of fungi and 20.0% of Fusarium sp. were inhibited by FON on bioassay plates. Prior to fallowing, infested soil was a transformed ‘fungus‐type’ soil. After 3 yr of fallow, the infested soil had remediated naturally, and soil microbial diversity recovered considerably. Abundance of dominant bacterial populations was increased by 118–177%, actinomycetes, fungi and FON were decreased by 23–32, 33–37 and 50%, respectively. The ratio of bacteria: actnomycetes: fungus: Fusarium sp. in infested soil changed from 24 000:100:4:1 prior to fallow to 57 000:100:3.5:1 after fallowing, nearer to the 560 000:400:8:1 ratio of healthy soil not used for watermelon cultivation. This suggests the ‘fungus‐type’ soil was converting to ‘bacteria‐type’ soil and that disrupted microbial communities in infested soil were restored during fallow.     

生物有机肥对宁夏盐碱地土壤养分和生物学特性的影响

【目的】为了探讨生物有机肥长期施用对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱土壤化学和微生物特性的影响，明确生物有机肥的最佳施用量及施肥模式。【方法】以田间连续4年定位试验为依托，研究生物有机肥施用量0 t/hm2（CK）、4.5 t/hm2（T1）、9 t/hm2（T2）、13.5 t/hm2（T3）及生物有机肥9 t/hm2配施无机化肥360 kg/hm2（N）（T4）对玉米根系土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量和微生物群落多样性及玉米产量的影响。【结果】：（1）连续四年施用生物有机肥可明显降低土壤pH和全盐含量。土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性随着生物有机肥施用量增加呈递增趋势，且生物有机肥施用9 t/hm2时，增施无机化肥可显著增加土壤速效钾含量14.73%；（2）土壤微生物群落代谢AWCD值和土壤微生物种群代谢多样性指均随着生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加，单施生物有机肥13.5 t/hm2处理下土壤培养192 h时AWCD值为0.84，经Tukey检验分析，Shannon（H）和Mcintosh（U）指数较CK分别增加10.11%和62.67%。（3）随着生物有机肥施用量增加，土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量呈递增趋势，各处理分别比CK增加66.78%、59.19%和51.84%；（4）施用生物有机肥可明显增加玉米产量，提高玉米产值，其中以生物有机肥施用9 t/hm2配施无机化肥360 kg/hm2（N）时，玉米产量和净收入最佳，分别为11499 kg/hm2和8709元/hm2。【结论】长期施用生物有机肥可改善宁夏盐碱土壤质地，提高土壤质量，增加土壤生物活性及玉米产量，其中以生物有机肥施用9 t/hm2配施无机化肥360 kg/hm2（N）时综合效果最佳。     

生物有机肥对潮土物理性状及微生物量碳、氮的影响

[目的]研究生物有机肥对潮土不同土层土壤物理特性及微生物碳氮的影响,为生物有机肥在土壤改良、水土保持和促进设施农业可持续发展等方面提供科学依据。[方法]采用田间小区试验的方法,研究生物有机肥对潮土0—15和15—30cm土层土壤水力学性质、土壤团聚体及微生物量碳、氮的改善效果,其中生物有机肥施用量分别为0,10,20t/hm~2。[结果]施用生物有机肥可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度和各水力学指标,其中土壤容重降低了10.37%~19.26%,田间持水量和饱和导水率提高了13.12%~32.25%和37.28%~67.11%;生物有机肥可提高土壤大团聚体含量和平均质量直径,降低分形维数;生物有机肥提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,增幅分别为33.66%~52.67%和11.52%~22.64%;土壤物理特性与微生物量碳、氮具有明显相关性。[结论]生物有机肥可有效改善潮土土壤结构和水力学特性,增加土壤蓄水供水能力,提高土壤大团聚体含量、稳定性和微生物量碳、氮含量。     

Soil pre-fumigation could effectively improve the disease suppressiveness of biofertilizer to banana <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> wilt disease by reshaping the soil microbiome

Two seasonal pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of biofertilizer application after mixture of lime and ammonium bicarbonate (LA) fumigation, on banana Fusarium wilt disease suppression and soil microbial community composition. Biofertilizer application after LA fumigation decreased 80% of disease incidence compared to control of biofertilizer application to non-fumigated soil. Biofertilizer application after fumigation clearly manipulated soil microbial community composition as revealed by non-metric multidimensional scaling and Venn diagram. LA fumigation significantly reduced the abundance of F. oxysporum while biofertilizer application after fumigation could further decrease it. Furthermore, indigenous microbes, e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Mortierella, were associated with disease suppression. Biofertilizer application after fumigation significantly (p?<?0.05) increased the soil pH and content of soil total C and available P and K, and this probably reshaped soil microbial community as revealed by redundancy analysis and variance partitioning analysis. The observed disease suppression due to biofertilizer application after soil fumigation can be attributed to the reduced abundance of F. oxysporum by general suppression resulting from manipulated soil properties and recovered soil microbiome.     

棉隆消毒改善发酵床垫料基质连茬栽培西瓜的效果研究

以发酵床垫料为主要原料的复合基质作为栽培基质,采用槽式栽培方式,研究连茬种植西瓜效果、种后基质理化和微生物学性状的变化特征以及棉隆消毒后旧基质连茬种植西瓜效果。结果表明:种完1茬西瓜的旧基质继续种植西瓜会出现再植障碍,整个生育期枯萎病发病率可达35%;种植西瓜对基质中尖孢镰刀菌数量影响显著,连续种植2茬西瓜后,基质中尖孢镰刀菌数量可从0升高至8.0×10~3cfu·g~(-1)基质;种完1茬西瓜的旧基质经棉隆消毒处理后,真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量均显著减少,且继续种植西瓜后其产量和单果重与新配基质相比均无显著差异。