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番茄秸秆堆肥提高番茄果实风味的适宜添加比例研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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温室弱光制约着番茄生产,选择对弱光敏感性较强的生育期进行阶段性补光是经济可行的干预方式之一。为了探究番茄不同生育期的弱光敏感性,该研究在全人工光型植物工厂中种植番茄“丰收74-560RZ F1”,以全生育期1000 μmol/(m2·s)的光照强度为对照,分别于番茄花期、膨大期、转色期和采收期中的某一时期进行弱光处理(弱光处理的光照强度为160 μmol/(m2·s),同处理其他生育期光照强度均保持1000 μmol/(m2·s)),通过对番茄风味及品质相关次生代谢物积累的分析阐明番茄品质形成对不同生育期弱光的敏感性。结果表明:1)各生育期弱光处理均降低了番茄果实总黄酮、多酚和番茄红素的含量,其中,花期弱光处理下番茄总黄酮及多酚含量均为处理间最低,分别较对照显著降低了35%、29%(P<0.05);花期和转色期弱光处理下番茄红素含量均低于其他处理,分别较对照显著降低了45%和60%(P<0.05);所有处理下番茄果实中番茄红素与总黄酮、多酚含量均呈显著正相关。2)各生育期弱光处理均显著降低了番茄果实中醛类、酮类、酯类、烃类及醇类等挥发性次生代谢物的总数量和总含量(P<0.05),所有处理均为醛类含量最高,醇类含量最低。膨大期弱光处理检测出的挥发性物质总数量最少(为40种,较对照减少9%),花期弱光处理下番茄挥发性物质总含量最低(较对照降低了28%);其中,花期处理下醛类、酯类及其他类挥发性物质含量均为处理间最低,分别较对照显著降低了31.7%、64.1%、56.8%;花期和膨大期弱光处理下番茄果实中醇类物质含量均低于其他处理,分别较对照显著降低了25.3%和28.2%(P<0.05);此外,酯类物质在所有处理之间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),说明该类挥发性物质的弱光敏感性较强。研究表明花期弱光胁迫对番茄果实品质和风味相关次生代谢物积累的不良影响最大,较其他生育期而言,番茄花期弱光敏感期更需要采用人工光源进行及时合理的补光以降低损失,而对于花期补光强度及适宜光质需根据补光效果预期及补光成本预算等开展进一步的研究。 相似文献
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为探究盐分胁迫对樱桃番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme Alef)风味的影响,本研究以樱桃5号为试验材料,探究了不同含盐量[T1:0.05 g·kg-1(CK)、T2:1.5 g·kg-1、T3:3 g·kg-1、T4:4.5 g·kg-1、T5:6 g·kg-1]土壤条件下果实糖、酸、氨基酸、芳香类物质含量的变化。结果表明,各处理果实中果糖和葡萄糖含量较高,占糖类物质总量的94.88%~95.97%;盐胁迫能促进果实中糖类物质的积累,其中果糖在T5含量最高,较对照增加了18.34%,葡萄糖在T3含量最高,较对照显著增加了29.06%。果实中有机酸以柠檬酸和苹果酸为主,占总量的88.30%~91.60%,随着盐分的增加有机酸含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,柠檬酸和苹果酸含量均在T3最高,分别较对照显著增加了61.40%和129.90%,且有机酸总含量是对照的1.71倍。盐胁迫对樱桃番茄的氨基酸含量也有一定影响,盐胁迫处理果实中谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量较高;除蛋氨酸外,各氨基酸含量均以T3最高。各处理果实中共检出47种芳香物质,其中醛类12种、酮类5种、醇类14种、酯类3种;盐胁迫处理番茄果实中芳香物质的种类较多,且相对含量高,其中2-已烯醛、香叶基丙酮、2-异丁基噻唑含量与对照有明显差异,是盐胁迫下影响番茄风味的重要芳香物质。本研究结果为盐胁迫提升樱桃番茄风味品质提供了数据支撑。 相似文献
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不同类型叶面肥对日光温室越冬番茄风味品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为解决日光温室冬季低温弱光导致的番茄品质下降问题,该研究以 “184”番茄为试材,采用高效液相色谱法、顶空固相微萃取法与气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)等技术,研究5种不同类型叶面肥对番茄果实糖酸组分及挥发性物质种类和含量的影响。结果表明:喷施硒元素液体肥显著提高了白熟期、成熟期和完熟期番茄果实蔗糖和葡萄糖的含量(P < 0.05),硅元素液体肥显著增加了白熟期、转色期和成熟期番茄果实蔗糖的含量,氨基酸液体肥显著提高了这三个时期番茄葡萄糖含量(P < 0.05)。喷施硒元素液体肥和鱼蛋白水溶肥显著降低了成熟期番茄α-酮戊二酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸含量(P < 0.05)。 硒元素液体肥显著提高了白熟期和转色期番茄糖酸比,分别较CK增加了15.32%和12.15%( P < 0.05)。GC-MS结果显示,各处理成熟期番茄果实共检测到71种挥发性物质,包括20种醛类、9种酮类、17种醇类、5种酯类、10种烃类和10种其他类物质。各处理中醛类含量最多,酯类含量最少。5种叶面肥均可提高醛类含量,其中硅元素液体肥处理较对照显著增加21.89%(P < 0.05)。 所有被检测出的挥发性物质包含了9种特征香气成分,主要分为花香、果香和青香3种类型,硒元素液体肥、硅元素液体肥和海藻精水溶肥处理分别较对照显著提高番茄的特征香气成分总含量7.93%、17.68%和8.33%(P < 0.05)。综上,叶面喷施硒元素和硅元素液体肥可提高番茄果实糖组分,增加挥发性醛类物质和特征香气成分,对番茄风味品质提升效果显著,可在日光温室越冬番茄生产中推广应用。研究结果为设施番茄高品质栽培提供了数据支撑和实践参考。 相似文献
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番茄果实品质和叶片保护酶对水肥水平的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过3个土壤相对含水量(W1,50%~60%; W2,7~0%80%; W3,90%~100%)和3个施肥水平(F1,N 0.187 g/kg+ P2O5 0.131 g/kg; F2,N 0.267g/kg+ P2O5 0.187 g/kg; F3,N 0.347 g/kg+ P2O5 0.243 g/kg)共9个处理的盆栽试验,研究了番茄结果期果实品质、叶片保护酶及叶绿素含量的变化规律,旨在为番茄结果期合理的水肥管理提供理论依据。结果表明: 在整个结果期,W1F2处理有利于提高果实品质; W2F2处理下果实中的渗透物质(游离氨基酸)保持着较高水平,且叶片保护酶活性较高,丙二醛含量低; W2F3处理的叶片叶绿素含量保持较高水平,W2F2处理番茄果实单株产量高。相关分析表明: 果实品质与超氧化物歧化酶、叶绿素含量呈正相关,而与丙二醛含量呈负相关; 游离氨基酸含量与过氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸含量呈显著正相关,而与丙二醛含量呈显著负相关。综合分析,番茄结果期较优的水肥组合为N 0.267g/kg+P2O5 0.187g/kg和70%80%的土壤相对含水量。 相似文献
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补光时间及光质对温室甜椒生长及产量品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为确定LED补光调节温室甜椒(Capsium annuum L.)产量品质的最优光质及补光时长,以甜椒品种"奥黛丽"为试材,设置红光(R)和蓝光(B)组合(灯珠个数比)2∶1(2R1B)、4∶1(4R1B)、8∶1(8R1B)3种光质,2 (18:00-20:00)、4(18:00-22:00)和8 h(18:00-02:00)3个补光时间;以不补光为对照,研究补光时间及光质对甜椒生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:光质与补光时间对甜椒植株的影响有较大差异,且两者交互作用显著。2R1B光质补光2 h,冠层宽、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量最大,显著高于对照;补光4 h茎粗最大,显著高于对照;补光8 h,硝酸盐含量最低,比对照降低19.4%。4R1B光质补光2 h,株高、根鲜质量、地上部、根及全株干质量最高,显著高于对照;补光8 h,叶面积、单株果实数及单株产量最高,显著高于对照。8R1B光质补光2 h,叶绿素相对含量SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development)值及糖酸比最高,显著高于对照;补光8 h,地上部及全株鲜质量最高,显著高于对照。利用隶属函数法对所有补光处理的产量品质指标及用电量等进行综合评价,由综合得分排序得出,最有利于甜椒栽培的前3种补光组合依次为光质8R1B补光2 h、光质4R1B补光8 h和光质8R1B补光8 h。因此,光质8R1B补光2 h可以作为最适宜当地甜椒栽培的补光组合,该研究结果为日光温室甜椒种植的光调控技术提供理论参考。 相似文献
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麦秸、菌渣和稻壳还田对日光温室番茄品质及产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
《核农学报》2017,(11)
为了探究麦秸、菌渣和稻壳还田对日光温室番茄品质、产量及土壤养分的影响,以金棚8号为试验材料,设7个还田处理:T1(稻壳)、T2(麦秸)、T3(菌渣)、T4(稻壳+麦秸)、T5(麦秸+菌渣)、T6(菌渣+稻壳),空白为对照(CK)。结果表明,还田处理能够显著提高番茄果实Vc含量(T5除外),其中T2和T6的Vc含量较高,分别为1.51 mg·kg~(-1)FW和1.48 mg·kg~(-1)FW。各处理组果实番茄红素含量为122.35~169.79 mg·kg~(-1)FW,较CK增加15.50%~60.29%,且处理间差异显著。果实可溶性糖含量与Vc含量的变化趋势基本一致,以T2最高,T6次之,分别较CK增加41.90%和38.10%。此外,还田可有效降低果实有机酸含量,改善果实品质,有机酸含量以T5最低,为0.25%FW;T2和T5的糖酸比分别为8.28和8.64,口感较佳。与CK相比,产量以T5最高,达106 131.97 kg·hm~(-2),其次是T6(104 065.20 kg·hm~(-2)),较CK分别增产6.51%和4.44%。土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量、速效钾含量分别为167.69~209.71、78.01~86.25和206.25~348.27 mg·kg~(-1)。综合考虑品质、产量指标,以T6较为适宜。本研究结果为设施番茄优质高产和农业废弃物科学还田提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《南方农业》2021,(22)
黄瓜是我国设施栽培的主要作物之一。我国南方地区冬春季受持续阴雨寡照天气的影响,保护设施内弱光问题严重,对设施作物生育、产量和品质造成严重的不良影响。本试验通过搭建遮阳网设施,模拟冬春季长江中下游地区温室内的弱光、寡照,形成光照强度约50μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的弱光环境,采用LED灯补光,设置125、200、275、350μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)四个光强度在黄瓜结果期进行补光处理,研究补光强度对设施寡照下黄瓜植株生长、光合、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,补光对设施寡照下植株生长有促进作用,茎粗、植株干重、根系活力等有显著提高;补光能显著增加黄瓜产量、改善品质,补光后黄瓜的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白含量均有提高,有机酸含量有所降低,且补光越强果实品质越佳。与CK相比,350μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)补光处理产量提高165.27%,效益较好,果实品质有显著改善,为本试验条件下最适的补光强度。 相似文献
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施钾对有些茄科作物产量和品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over a period of two years,field experiments were conducted on wto silty loam soils grown with four solanaceous vegetable crops of geggplant(var.serpentinum Bailey),tomato(var.commune Bailey),sweet pepper(var.grossum Bailey) and chilli (var.lengum Bailey),respectively,Each experiment included four treatments with from low to high doses,0-450 kg ha^-1 for eggplant ,tomato and sweet pepper,and 0-270 kg ha^-1 for chilli,of K fertilizers in the from of sulfate of potash(SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One CK treatment without K,N and P fertilzers applied and one treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash(MOP) applied at the high level(450kg ha^-1) together with N and P fertilizers were included in the experiments of eggplant,in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP,The fruit yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application.The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application,The K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application,The dry matter and vitamin C contents in fruits of tomato,sweet pepper and chilli,and the sugar content and the titratable acidity level of tomato fruits were increased,and the S/A ratio( ratio of sugar content to titratable acidity) of tomato fruits were decreased by K fertilization,indicating that K fertilization could improve the fruit quality of the solanaceous vegetable crops.However,the high rate of Kfertilizer might lower the dry matter and vitamin C contents of tomato fruits and sewwt pepper fruits.SOP was more effective than MOP in increasing the yield and quality of eggplant fruits at the high fertilization rate;therefore,the choice of applying SOP may be better for high levels of K fertilization. 相似文献
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为了探究壳寡糖与油菜素甾醇处理对番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)果实产量、感官品质、营养品质和风味品质的影响,本试验设置4个处理:对照组(CK)、壳寡糖处理组(0.5 g·L-1COS)、油菜素甾醇处理组(0.5 g·L-1BR)、复合处理组(0.5 g·L-1COS+0.5 g·L-1BR),对开花结果期的番茄植株进行叶面喷施。结果表明,壳寡糖与油菜素甾醇复合处理可以显著提高番茄产量;促进果实着色和软化;协同促进番茄中番茄红素、总胡萝卜素和维生素C的积累,相比CK分别提高88.3%、76.3%和28.6%。此外,二者复合处理可有效提高番茄中可溶性糖(葡萄糖和果糖)的含量,并降低有机酸(苹果酸和柠檬酸)的水平,从而提高番茄糖酸比。本研究结果为设施栽培下番茄产量和品质的提升提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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K Matsui S Fukutomi J Wilkinson B Hiatt V Knauf T Kajwara 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(11):5418-5424
To modify the flavor properties of tomato fruits, cucumber fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), which can act on 9-hydroperoxides of fatty acids to form volatile C9-aldehydes, was introduced to tomato plants. Through enzyme assay, high activity of the introduced HPL could be found in either the leaves or fruits of transgenic tomatoes; however, the composition of volatile short-chain aldehydes and alcohols in the transgenic tomato fruits was little modified. This was unexpected because tomato fruits have high lipoxygenase activity to form 9-hydroperoxides. When linoleic acid was added to a crude homogenate prepared from the transgenic tomato fruits, a high amount of C9-aldehyde was formed, but the amount of C6-aldehyde was almost equivalent to that in nontransgenic tomatoes. Through quantification of fatty acid hydroperoxides, it has been revealed that 13-hydroperoxides of fatty acids are preferably formed from endogenous substrate, whereas 9-hydroperoxides are formed from fatty acids added exogenously. From these observations, possible mechanisms to regulate metabolic flow of the lyase pathway are discussed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of potassium (K) application on volatile compounds, taste compounds, and firmness of fresh tomato fruits. Each pot was filled with 8 kg of clean sand. The experiment consisted of six K application rates with 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol K L?1 in the nutrient solution. Volatile compounds, soluble sugars, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and firmness of fresh tomato fruits were measured. The results show that the concentrations of 3-methylbutanal, 1-penten-3-one, hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, 2-methyl-4-pentenal, trans-2-hexenal, 2E-4E-hexadienal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethanol, soluble sugars, and soluble solids tended to increase at first and then decrease between 0 to 10.0 mmol K L?1. K application rate obtaining the highest values of the concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 3.0 mmol K L?1, with the exception of cis-3-hexenal (1.1 mmol K L?1), phenylacetaldehyde (4.5 mmol K L?1), and phenylethanol (4.8 mmol K L?1). By contrast, increasing K supply increased the concentration of titratable acidity, decreased the ratios of soluble sugars to titratable acidity and soluble solids to titratable acidity. Close correlations were observed between the concentrations of various volatile compounds, soluble sugars, and soluble solids. Based on contributions of these compounds to tomato flavor, we assume that moderate K supply (1.4–3.0 mmol K L?1) improves tomato flavor, whereas tomato fruits with either no K or high K fertilization have poor flavor due to having undesirable levels of flavor compounds. 相似文献
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A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N application on volatile compounds, taste compounds, and firmness of fresh tomato fruits. Each pot was filled with 8 kg of clean sand. The experiment consisted of six nitrogen (N)‐application rates with 0, 2.25, 4.50, 9.00, 18.00, and 36.00 mmol N L–1 in the nutrient solution. Volatile compounds, soluble sugars, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and firmness of fresh tomato fruits were measured. The results show that increasing N application increased the concentrations of 1‐penten‐3‐one, hexanal, cis‐3‐hexenal, 2‐methyl‐4‐pentenal, trans‐2‐hexenal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, titratable acidity, soluble sugars, and soluble solids. By contrast, increasing N supply decreased the concentration of phenylacetaldehyde and first increased and then decreased the concentrations of 2E–4E‐hexadienal and the firmness of fresh tomato fruits. Close relationships between the concentration of various volatile compounds, titratable acidity, soluble sugars, and soluble solids were found. However, concentrations of these flavor compounds were very poorly correlated with fruit firmness. Based on contributions of these compounds to tomato flavor, we assume that moderate high N supply improves tomato flavor, whereas excessive N supply can deteriorate it. 相似文献
16.
番茄的品质和风味是决定番茄口感的重要因素。以不施肥作为对照,在等氮投入条件下,分别以普通有机肥、沼渣及精制有机肥(中量)作为供试肥料,研究了有机肥对番茄品质和风味的影响,其中精制有机肥共设置了3个施肥水平(分别为19、38和57 t/hm~2的低、中和高量)。结果表明:施用有机肥后番茄产量增加了4.8%~14.4%,其中中量精制有机肥增产效果最好。施用有机肥尤其是中量精制有机肥可以显著增加番茄可溶性固形物、还原型维生素C、可溶性总糖等含量。番茄风味化合物主要以醛酮类、醇类及烷类为主。施用有机肥可以显著增加风味化合物的种类和数量,尤其是中量精制有机肥的施用,显著增加了番茄中醛酮类、酯类、酰肼、羟胺、有机酸等化合物。就番茄产量和品质而言,施用中量(38 t/hm~2)精制有机肥是最佳施肥方案。 相似文献
17.
重庆市植烟区土壤镁素含量状况及施镁效应研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过野外采样和田间试验对重庆市植烟区土壤交换性镁含量以及施镁效应进行了研究。结果表明,1)重庆市植烟区土壤普遍存在着缺镁的现象,土壤交换性镁含量平均值仅为1.11 cmol/kg(n=334),变幅为0.15~4.50 cmol/kg; 5种主要类型土壤的交换性镁平均含量(cmol/kg)依次为黄棕壤1.51>黄壤1.20>紫色土0.83>水稻土0.41>石灰土0.30; 其交换性镁含量在缺镁临界值(1.0 cmol/kg)以下的土壤样本数分别占27.78%、54.51%、72.22%、100%和100%。2)施镁对烤烟具有显著增产、提高中上等烟比例以及增加产值的效应,烤烟产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比例均以T4处理为最高(MgSO4·7H2O 244.90 kg/hm2),且与其它各处理表现出显著性差异。3)各施镁处理中,烟叶总氮、蛋白质和烟碱的含量均低于CK处理,而总糖和还原糖含量则高于CK处理; 钾素含量与施镁量的增加均呈现出极显著性负相关(彭水r=0.9824,石柱r=0.9893),烟叶化学成分的协调性也同样以T4处理最佳。 相似文献