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泾川县王母宫山人工天梯工程破坏了原有的土体结构、自然植被和自然景观,造成了人为的水土流失,迫切需要治理。通过在天梯凹槽实施工程措施与植物措施相结合的生态植被恢复技术,形成了供植物生长发育的基质层,达到了恢复植被、绿化美化自然景观的目的,可以在同类型区开发建设项目大坡度山体植被恢复中推广应用。 相似文献
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火电工程建设项目在生产建设期及运营期都会产生大量的水土流失。植物措施作为开发建设项目水土流失的主要防治措施之一,对项目区植被恢复,新增水土流失控制以及水土保持设施效益的发挥有重大意义。就火电工程建设项目的特点及影响火电工程建设植物措施配置的几大因素作了简要分析,包括项目所在地自然特点、项目防治分区及植物的生态学特性等方面。分析了内蒙古上都发电有限责任公司三期(2×600MW机组)工程植物措施情况,以期为火电类开发建设项目科学合理配置植物措施,有效发挥植物措施保持水土、改善环境效能以及充分体现“生态优先,综合利用”原则和更好地绿化美化提供参考。 相似文献
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城市房地产开发建设项目水土保持措施设计初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
房地产业属于经济发展的先导产业,也是国民经济的支柱产业之一,随着城镇化进程的加速,房地产开发建设项目规模越来越大,如果不注重房地产工程建设中的水土流失防治问题,势必会给城市带来排水、内涝、植被绿化损坏、水土流失等一系列的严重问题。本文以湖北省武汉市某房地产开发建设项目为例,针对工程及项目区特性,根据房地产开发建设项目水土流失特点及防治分区特征,按照预防优先、综合治理原则,进行水土保持措施的总体布局与措施设计。通过工程、植物和临时措施的有机结合,全面有效地防治房地产开发建设项目的水土流失。 相似文献
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在水土流失治理中,建设项目主体工程的水土保持措施主要有工程措施、植物措施和临时措施,植被措施是改善生态环境的最有效措施之一。在干旱地区实施水土保持植物措施主要注意三个方面,一是在树种选择上注意选择适宜干旱地区生长的植物,有效保证成活率;二是干旱地区部分土壤由于不适宜植物生长,必须进行土壤改良;三是采取有效的灌溉方式,做... 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程天津干线的实施,将从根本上解决天津水资源严重短缺的问题。该工程属国家大型开发建设项目,在其建设过程中不可避免地会扰动沿线原地貌、损坏原有的土地和植被,进而引发土壤侵蚀,加剧沿线及周边地区生态环境的破坏。为防治因工程建设而造成的水土流失,结合项目特点、项目区自然条件、水土流失情况等,采取了工程、植物、临时措施等水土保持措施,形成了水土保持综合防护体系,使项目区内的水土流失得到了有效的治理,促进了项目区的生态环境恢复,保障了工程的施工安全和正常运行。 相似文献
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在系统分析冲江河水电站工程水土流失防治措施布设体系的基础上,以开发建设项目水土流失防治的六大目标为评价指标,运用层次分析法和综合指数法,对冲江河水电站建设过程中的水土流失防治效果进行了评价。结果显示,冲江河水电站工程水土流失防治效果处于5个评价等级(极差、较差、一般、良好、优良)的"优良"等级,整体防治效果较理想,但存在着林草植被恢复率较低的问题,因而应加强后期的养护管理工作,使其达到最为理想的效果。 相似文献
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开发建设项目通过对影响水土流失的自然因子的干扰和破坏,打破了地表基底的稳定,损坏了生态系统的自我平衡,以至引发生态退化。通过分析开发建设项目水土流失成因、特点、危害等情况,结合生态恢复学相关理论,对水土流失生态恢复体系及生态恢复中存在的问题进行了阐述,希为开发建设项目水土流失的生态恢复提供参考。 相似文献
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我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
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安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。 相似文献
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Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH4F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils. 相似文献
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为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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开发建设项目水土保持设施竣工验收程序和方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
开发建设项目水土保持设施的竣工验收 ,要严格遵循水利部《开发建设项目水土保持设施验收管理办法》 ,坚持验收合格的 4条标准 ,由具备资质的机构进行验收前的技术评估 ,验收程序和方法要符合国家验收规程的规定与要求 相似文献
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Separation and analysis of diastereomers and enantiomers of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin by gas chromatography 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides are of environmental significance because of their high aquatic toxicity. Due to their chirality, SP compounds contain multiple diastereomers and enantiomers. However, due to great structural similarities and lack of isomer standards, gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of SP diastereomers or enantiomers is poorly developed. In this study, we used a HP-5 column to separate the diastereomers and a beta-cyclodextrin-based enantioselective column (BGB-172) to separate the enantiomers of cypermethrin (CP) and cyfluthrin (CF). Resolved peaks were identified by comparing chromatograms of isomer-enriched CP products. Diastereomers of both CP and CF were separated on the HP-5 column. On the BGB-172 column, enantiomers of all cis diastereomers were separated, while those of trans diastereomers were not separated. The elution order appears to be regulated by configuration, a finding which may allow peak identification in the absence of isomer standards. When coupled with electron capture detection, the developed methods had low detection limits and may be used for analysis of SP diastereomers and enantiomers in environmental samples. 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted to study the influences of synthetic bayerite, non-crystalline aluminum oxide (N-AlOH), goethite, non-crystalline iron oxide (N-FeOH) and kaolinite on the adsorption, activity, kinetics and thermal stability of invertase. Adsorption of invertase on iron, aluminum oxides fitted Langmuir equation. The amount of invertase held on the minerals followed the sequence kaolinite > goethite > N-AlOH > bayerite > N-FeOH. No correlation was found between enzyme adsorption and the specific surface area of minerals examined. The differences in the surface structure of minerals and the arrangement of enzymatic molecules on mineral surfaces led to the different capacities of minerals for enzyme adsorption. The adsorption of invertase on bayerite, N-AlOH, goethite, N-FeOH and kaolinite was differently affected by pH. The order for the activity of invertase adsorbed on minerals was N-FeOH > N-AlOH > bayerite > reak goethite > kaolinite. The inhibition effect of minerals on enzyme activity was kaolinite > crystalline oxides > non-crystalline oxides. The pH optimum of iron oxide- and aluminum oxide-invertase complexes was similar to that of free enzyme (pH 4.0), whereas the pH optimum of kaolinite-invertase complex was one pH unit higher than that of free enzyme. The affinity to substrate and the maximum reaction velocity as well as the thermal stability of combined invertase were lower than those of the free enzyme. 相似文献