紫云英翻压对稻田土壤肥力和双季稻产量的影响

基于长期定位试验研究了紫云英翻压还田与化肥配施对土壤肥力以及双季稻产量的影响。结果表明,在肥力相对较低的桐城点,经过7年紫云英翻压配施70%化肥明显提高了土壤有机质(SOM)含量。在肥力相对较高的池州点,经过3年紫云英处理的土壤SOM和全氮(TN)都显著高于单施化肥处理;且紫云英配施化肥后SOM和TN分别比单施化肥提高13.08%和6.57%,但单施紫云英处理的碱解氮和速效钾含量却低于单施化肥处理。桐城点,减施30%化肥配合紫云英处理的早晚稻及周年产量高于单施化肥,早稻增产更为显著;且产量与TN呈显著正相关。池州点,单施紫云英的早晚稻及水稻周年产量与单施化肥相比,出现明显减产。综上认为紫云英翻压还田不能完全替代化肥,但与70%化肥配施既能提升土壤肥力、又能保证水稻产量。     

减量化肥配施不同量紫云英对土壤磷素形态及水稻产量的影响

通过8年长期定位试验,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究减量20%化肥配施22.5、30、37.5、45 t·hm~(-2)紫云英(CF_(0.8)G_(22.5)、CF_(0.8)G_(30)、CF_(0.8)G_(37.5)、CF_(0.8)G_(45))及单施化肥(CF)对豫南稻区土壤无机磷形态及水稻产量影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,减量20%化肥配施22.5～45 t·hm~(-2)紫云英及单施化肥均显著增加土壤Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P、O-P、有效磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量及水稻产量。减量20%化肥配施不同量紫云英(CF0.8G)较单施化肥提高土壤Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P含量及组成比例,降低土壤O-P含量及组成比例。相关性分析、通径分析及逐步回归分析结果显示,土壤Fe-P为最有效磷源,土壤Al-P、Ca-P为缓效磷源,土壤O-P为非有效磷源。土壤Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P与水稻产量及土壤无机磷、碱解氮呈显著或极显著相关性。减量20%化肥配施紫云英较不施肥处理水稻产量提高24.26%～26.01%,较单施化肥处理水稻产量提高3.75%～5.38%,以配施30 t·hm~(-2)紫云英处理水稻产量最高。综合考虑土壤磷素有效性、水稻产量及土壤养分,以减量20%化肥配施22.5～30 t·hm~(-2)紫云英效果较好。     

紫云英还田后不同施肥下的腐解及土壤供钾特征

采用尼龙网袋法研究了紫云英翻压后不同施肥处理下在稻田的腐解和养分释放规律,以及不同施肥处理土壤钾库的变化特征。结果表明:紫云英还田后,不同施肥处理对其腐解及养分释放无明显影响。紫云英的腐解,氮、磷、钾释放量与翻压时间的关系可用一级动力学方程拟合,不同施肥处理下紫云英最大腐解率达到64.8%~68.3%,氮、磷、钾最大累计释放率分别为84.2%~86.7%、85.3%~89.3%、89.9%~98.0%,养分释放速度表现为钾磷氮。紫云英养分释放主要集中在翻压后15 d之内,应加强水稻生育后期的养分运筹管理。紫云英短期(1个生育期)内能够活化土壤中的钾,但晚稻收获后的土壤速效钾含量明显降低,说明紫云英还田不能完全替代化学钾肥效果。在连续3年不施化学钾肥的情况下,种植紫云英还田后,不会降低早稻土壤速效钾含量,但晚稻收获后土壤速效钾含量低于施用化学钾肥处理,说明紫云英还田不能完全替代化学钾肥效果。     

减量化肥配施紫云英对水稻产量稳定性的影响

为探明长期减量化肥配施不同量紫云英对水稻产量及产量稳定性影响,以10年长期定位试验为平台,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(100%F)、减量20%和40%化肥分别配施22 500、30 000、37 500、45 000 kg·hm^-2紫云英10种施肥模式,研究水稻产量及产量变化趋势、水稻产量稳定性、肥料贡献率及土壤养分对不同施肥模式的响应。结果表明,施肥显著提高水稻年均产量,减量20%和40%化肥配施不同量紫云英较CK增产36.81%~40.07%,较单施化肥增产6.27%~8.80%。AMMI模型产量稳定性参数(Di)结果显示,化肥减施20%和40%均以配施45 000 kg·hm^-2紫云英处理水稻产量稳定性最好,其次为配施37 500 kg·hm^-2紫云英处理。减量化肥配施紫云英处理肥料贡献率较单施化肥提高4.55~6.42个百分点,以减量40%化肥配施37 500 kg·hm^-2紫云英处理最高,肥料贡献率与土壤地力贡献率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。与CK相比,减量化肥配施紫云英明显提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量,水稻产量与土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),产量稳定性参数与土壤碱解氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。综合考虑水稻高产、稳产及减肥效益,以减施40%化肥配施37 500 kg·hm^-2紫云英处理效果最佳。本研究结果为豫南稻区合理施肥提供了理论依据。     

秸秆还田配施化肥对稻油轮作土壤有机碳组分及产量影响

【目的】水稻-油菜轮作是我国重要的农业种植模式。秸秆还田是目前我国秸秆利用最主要、最直接的途径。因此,研究水稻-油菜轮作系统下,秸秆还田配施化肥对水稻和油菜产量、土壤有机质组分及其养分含量的影响,有助于提高水稻和油菜产量,培肥土壤,推进秸秆还田技术的应用。 【方法】通过水稻和油菜7年13季作物的田间定位小区试验,设置了不施氮肥不还田处理（CK）、农民习惯处理（FPP）和3个秸秆还田配施化肥处理（SF1、SF2、SF3:每年水稻秸秆以3000 kg/hm2的量还田,配施不同量氮、磷、钾肥）,分析了各处理土壤有机碳及其组分、土壤养分含量、作物产量和经济效益。 【结果】与不施氮肥处理比较,秸秆还田配合氮、磷、钾平衡施肥能显著提高土壤总有机碳及其各组分、土壤养分含量、作物产量和经济效益。与农民习惯处理相比,秸秆还田配施化肥处理土壤总有机碳、胡敏酸和胡敏素分别显著增加了5.62%~12.08%、9.05%~22.57%和7.93%~10.23%,而水溶性有机碳和富里酸含量差异则不明显;土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高了6.74%~14.04%、134.67%~249.46%和40.18%~70.54%;水稻、油菜和周年平均产量分别增加了8.55%~19.34%、19.06%~27.27%和10.34%~24.08%;净利润提高了1651~4905 yuan/hm2,但总投入增加了1427~2882 yuan/hm2。秸秆还田配施化肥处理中,以氮、磷、钾肥用量与运筹次数最多的SF3处理土壤各项指标、作物产量和经济效益最高,与之相比,SF2处理在水稻和油菜两季共减少肥料用量255 kg/hm2,而作物周年产量减少不明显。土壤有机碳组分、土壤养分含量及作物产量之间有较好的相关性,而逐步回归分析表明,土壤总氮、胡敏酸、水溶性有机碳含量是水稻和油菜产量主要决定因素。 【结论】秸秆还田配施化肥可以提高土壤有机碳、胡敏酸、胡敏素含量及土壤养分含量,培肥土壤并提高其稳定性,促进作物增产。虽然秸秆还田配施化肥增加了人工和肥料投入,但适宜的化肥用量配合秸秆还田提高了水稻油菜轮作体系的经济效益。     

化肥减量配合紫云英还田对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

旨在明确化肥减量条件下不同紫云英还田量对亚热带双季稻区早、晚稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。以双季稻种植模式为研究对象,设置2个不同的减肥量处理配施不同的紫云英还田量,观察紫云英连续还田下不同处理对双季稻产量和养分利用率的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥处理(100%F)相比,20%减肥量各处理的早稻产量均得到显著提高,增产幅度为5.0%～13.2%;40%减肥量条件下,配施15 000～22 500 kg/hm~2紫云英早稻产量不减产,而配施30 000～37 500 kg/hm~2紫云英后早稻产量有显著提高,增产幅度为5.4%～8.5%。各减肥配施紫云英处理的晚稻产量均随紫云英还田量的增加而升高(P0.05)。各减肥配施紫云英处理早稻化学氮肥的农学利用率、偏生产力及回收率均较常规施肥处理显著提高,但晚稻的氮肥利用率无显著差异。将紫云英还田输入的氮纳入总氮素投入后,早稻总氮素的农学利用率和回收率均随紫云英还田量的增加而降低;与100%F相比,各减肥配施紫云英处理的农学利用率未显著降低,但紫云英还田量达到37 500 kg/hm~2及以上时会导致早稻的氮素回收率显著降低。各紫云英还田处理土壤全氮含量均高于100%F(P0.05),且土壤速效氮含量均显著高于100%F处理(P0.05)。亚热带双季稻种植模式下,长期紫云英还田配合减量施肥对早、晚稻产量和氮肥利用率均产生正面效应,且能提高土壤有机质含量和全氮含量,土壤速效氮含量显著高于常规施肥处理。因此,适量紫云英还田配施化肥除可减少化肥用量外,也是亚热带双季稻区兼顾提升稻米产量和培肥土壤的有效技术。本试验条件下,化肥减量40%配合22 500～30 000 kg/hm~2紫云英的配比综合效果较好。     

施肥对不同杂粮作物连作土壤化学特性及酶活性的影响

土壤化学特性和酶活性与施肥水平密切相关,是衡量土壤肥力状况的重要指标。本研究以黑土区连续四年种植豆科作物(绿豆和红小豆)和禾本科作物(高粱)的施肥定位试验为研究平台,选取不施肥、施化肥和施有机肥3种施肥处理,分析施肥对不同杂粮作物的土壤有机质、pH、土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,施肥降低了连作杂粮作物土壤pH值,但与不施肥相比差异不显著,禾本科植物土壤pH降低的幅度高于豆科作物土壤。连作绿豆的土壤中,与不施肥相比,施化肥处理增加了土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷和速效磷含量,分别显著增加了18.4%,23.1%,21.7%和67.2%;施有机肥显著增加了土壤全氮和速效钾含量,且显著高于施化肥处理。连作红小豆的土壤中,与不施肥相比,施化肥显著增加了土壤速效磷和速效钾的含量,有机肥显著增加了土壤速效钾含量。连作高粱土壤中,与不施肥相比,化肥施用显著增加了土壤碱解氮含量而显著降低了速效钾含量,有机肥施用显著增加土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。土壤酶活性方面,除施化肥处理下连作红小豆土壤磷酸酶活性低于连作高粱外,其他相同施肥处理下种植豆科作物的土壤蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性均高于高粱土壤,种植高粱土壤过氧化氢酶活性高于豆科作物。因此,施肥和杂粮作物种类均是影响土壤化学特性和土壤酶活性的重要因素。     

种植利用紫云英对稻田土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

为研究种植利用紫云英对稻田土壤的培肥作用,设不种紫云英不施化肥(对照)、种植紫云英不施化肥(紫云英)、不种紫云英施化肥(单施化肥)、种植紫云英同时施化肥(紫云英+化肥)4个处理,分析了各处理在紫云英苗期、紫云英盛花期、早稻收获期、晚稻收获期的土壤养分、酶活性、微生物数量。结果表明,与对照相比,施化肥及种植翻压紫云英均能改善土壤养分状况,紫云英与化肥配施效果最好,能够明显提高土壤速效磷、速效钾、全氮含量。施用化肥或种植翻压紫云英均能促进微生物生长,4个处理中以紫云英+化肥处理对土壤微生物生长有较好的促进作用,其次为单施化肥处理。     

有机物料长期施用对稻田土壤养分的影响

通过2010—2021年连续12年的长期定位试验，研究了紫云英、水稻秸秆、商品有机肥等有机物料还田施用对稻田土壤养分的影响。结果表明：施用有机物料可以有效提高稻田土壤氮磷钾和有机质等含量。与单施化肥处理相比，紫云英还田土壤碱解氮含量增加6.97%，商品有机肥配施土壤有效磷含量增加49.30%，水稻秸秆还田土壤速效钾含量增加49.32%。3种有机物料处理土壤有机质增加相近(6.0%～7.5%)，可以改善土壤酸性但差异不显著。不同有机物料对土壤基础养分的增加差异显著，紫云英还田土壤固氮能力最强，商品有机肥配施土壤磷素增加最明显，秸秆还田土壤钾素提高最显著。可见，有机物料长期还田施用是一种培肥土壤的有效措施，有助于稻田土壤的可持续利用。     

配施有机肥对潜育化水稻土的培肥效果

为探索潜育化水稻土的培肥措施,通过田间试验研究了有机无机肥配施对潜育化低产水稻土产量和土壤养分有效性的影响。结果显示:连续2季施用有机肥后,潜育化水稻土产量显著提高,以早稻配施紫云英-晚稻配施猪粪处理的产量最高。添加有机肥降低了潜育化水稻土耕层土壤p H值。早稻配施紫云英,晚稻配施猪粪处理的有机质提高明显,比NPK处理提高了15.22%;早稻配施紫云英,晚稻配施猪粪处理的潜育化水稻土全氮含量比单施化肥处理提高4.19%;早稻配施紫云英,晚稻单施化肥处理的潜育化水稻土有效磷含量提高最多,比NPK处理提高了4.92%;相比于NPK处理,早稻配施紫云英,晚稻单施化肥处理的土壤速效钾含量比两季均单施化肥处理提高了13.2%。因此,潜育化水稻土适当配施有机肥可以提高土壤养分有效性,增加水稻产量,可以作为培肥改良潜育化水稻土的参考方法。     

Bioavailability of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Hg, Mo,Ni, Pb,Se, and Zn from Biosolids Amended Compost

Appropriate compost standards are being considered in Canada. Five aspects of compost safety and quality are being evaluated; probably the most controversial aspect is the standards for metals in compost. In order to assist in the development of appropriate standards, the authors began an extensive research project in October, 1993 to determine the bioavailability of metals from compost and compost-metal mixtures. Swiss chard was grown in compost-amended soils or compost in a growth room using five treatments of increasing percentages of compost in the media (0, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent compost (v/v)). A Truro loamy sand and a race-track manure-biosolids compost (RTM-biosolids) supplemented with a high metal biosolids were used in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Dry matter yield, metal content in plant tissue, and total metal uptake were evaluated as well as the total and DTPA-extractable metal content in the compost-soil mixes. The results of this and five other experiments conducted by the authors will help determine whether the suggested limits for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in composts are appropriate.     

Variation of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,Mn, Zn,and al in slash pine foliage

Abstract

The seasonal patterns of foliage nutrient concentrations and contents were monitored for two growing seasons in an 11‐year—old Pinus el1iottii stand. In the first growing season after needle initiation, N, P, K, Mg, and Zn concentrations decreased, but this was followed by an increase in the fall and winter months. Another drop in concentration of all elements, except P, occurred in the second growing season. Decreases in total contents indicated that this drop was a result of translocation to other tissues. In contrast to the mobile elements, the concentration and fascicle contents of Ca, Mn, and Al increased with aging of the needles.

Between‐tree variability was least for N, P, and Zn and the N, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in the current foliage had consistently lower variation than that in the 1‐year‐old foliage. Between‐tree variation for K was lower in the winter than the spring.

For pine foliage, recommended sampling period for N, P, Mg, and Zn is mid to late summer and for the other elements it is late fall to late winter.

There are several sources of variation that influence the level of nutrients in tree foliage. The most important of these, apart from the tree nutrient status, are seasonal fluctuations, variation between trees, and age of needles . Smaller sources of variation are associated with position of the needles within the crown, diurnal changes, year to year variation, and analytical errors^1,2. These variables must be studied in order to develop suitable sampling techniques and in Pinus this has been undertaken for P. banksiana ¹, P. taeda ³, P. strobus ⁴, P. resinosa ⁴, P. sylvestris ⁵, and P. radiata ^6,7. However, foliage sampling has not been studied in detail for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem var. elliottii) and earlier studies with other pines have been largely confined to temperate or cool climates.

This study reports the variation in elemental concentrations with season, age of foliage, and between slash pine trees growing in a subtropical climate in Florida.     

Phytotoxicity of cobalt,vanadium, titanium,silver, and chromium

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10^‐5 M) and 142 (with 10^‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10^‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10^‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10^‐4 M AgNO₃; at 10^‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10^‐5 N Cr₂O₇ were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.     

Thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, sterigmatocystin, zearalenone, citrinin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, penicillic acid, patulin, and penitrem A.

A general method is described for determining 16 mycotoxins in mixed feeds and other food products used in the manufacture of these feedstuffs. The mycotoxins are extracted and cleaned up by extracting with solvents of different pH. Thin layer chromatography is used to separate the toxins; toxins are then quantitated by the limit detection method. The minimum detectable concentration of mycotoxins in various products is: aflatoxin B1 or G1, 4--5 micrograms/kg; ochratoxin A or ethyl ester A 140--145 micrograms/kg; citrinin 600--750 micrograms/kg; zearalenone, 410--500 micrograms/kg; sterigmatocystin, 140--145 micrograms/kg; diacetoxyscirpenol, 2400--2600 micrograms/kg; T-2 toxin, 800--950 micrograms/kg; patulin, 750--800 micrograms/kg; penitrem A 14,000--14,500 micrograms/kg; penicillic acid 3400--3650 micrograms/kg.     

Organochlorine pesticide residues in different Indian cereals, pulses, spices, vegetables, fruits, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils.

A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.06 ppm) or not detected at all in pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations in wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), Deshi ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, corlander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found in wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed in the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels in different food items.     

Estimation of Reference Values for Cadmium,Cobalt, Chromium,Copper, Nickel,Lead, and Zinc in Brazilian Soils

Abstract

The objectives of this study were 1) to recommend reference values (RVs) and tolerance limits (TLs) for representative Brazilian soils and 2) to propose a model to calculate natural contents of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in a soil from the silt, clay, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. A set of 256 soil samples was classified by similarity in seven groups, and the concentrations corresponding to the upper quarter of data collected were then calculated. These concentrations are proposed as RVs for Brazilian soils. Additionally, TLs were obtained for each group from the antilog expression (m+2s), where m=mean value and s=standard deviation of data transformed in log₁₀. The classification functions of discriminant analysis proved to be suitable to allocate new samples in the established groups. Thus, it is possible to evaluate soils under anthropic activity and, by comparison with reference values, to be aware of pollution risks in a given area.     

Caimans,Capybaras, otters,manatees, and man in amazonia

Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rain forest, is often assumed to be a virtually untouched wilderness. The region is often referred to as a demographic void; there is on average only about one person per sq. km. Yet in response to international market forces, the hand of man has penetrated deep into the imposing forests. Since colonial times, wildlife, particularly along rivers, has been exploited on a large-scale basis for commercial purposes. This paper focuses on the effects of the trade on some aquatic animals.     

Evaluation of Decomposition Procedure to Determine Ba,Co, Cr,Cu, Ni,Mn, V,and Zn Total Content in Soil Samples

Different procedures have been proposed to decompose soil samples. Most of them regard determination with fertility aims. In this case, the contents available to the plants are considered. On the other hand, there are procedures to determine total content. The objective of this work was to propose a new decomposition procedure to determine barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) total content in tropical soils with high content of oxides and silicate. According to the results, the digestion procedure proposed in this study provided satisfactory results for the contents recovery for the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn, above 90%, and the use of inverted aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydrofluoric acid (HF), pre-digestions and agitation was shown as a new alternative for the high silicate content soil sample total digestion, such as the oxisols.     

Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone

The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.