早熟芋艿平衡施肥技术研究

通过两年芋艿施肥田间试验，表明获得早熟芋艿高产、高效的施肥方案为N448．5kg／hm^2，P2O5 52．5kg／hm^2，K2O 180-270kg／hm^2，N-P2O5-K2O比例为1：0．12：0．40-0．60，并推荐有机无机复合肥与化肥配合施用，以获得更高的产量和效益。早熟芋艿生育期短，施用充足的氮肥才能保证芋艿在较短的生育期内获得较高的产量，芋艿还是一种喜钾作物，施用钾肥能明显促进芋艿高产；在土壤有效磷含量不足的情况下，施用磷肥能促进芋艿正常生长。     

长江中下游地区高产稻田施肥与产量的关系

根据对长江中下游的湖南、江西、浙江、安徽、湖北五省19个高产稻田产量、施肥、耕作制度及农田管理调查,研究高产稻田施肥与产量的关系。结果表明,长江中下游地区双季稻高产田N、P2O5和K2O最佳施用量分别约为461、130和430 kg/hm2,水稻年产量平衡在16 893 kg/hm2左右;水旱轮作高产田N、P2O5和K2O最佳施用量分别约为200、145和250 kg/hm2,作物年产量平衡在13 000 kg/hm2左右,其中水稻产量为9 500 kg/hm2左右。长江中下游地区双季稻高产田N∶P2O5∶K2O最佳施肥比例约为1∶0.28∶0.85,水旱轮作高产田N∶P2O5∶K2O最佳施肥比例约为1∶0.72∶1.23。     

平衡施肥对玉米养分吸收、产量及效益的影响

采用田间试验方法,探讨了平衡施肥对玉米养分吸收、产量和经济效益的影响.结果表明,平衡施肥能促进玉米对养分的吸收和利用,在OPT施肥水平下,每形成100 kg玉米籽粒吸收1.95 kg的N、1.05 kg的P2O5、1.96 kg的K2O,玉米吸收NPK的比例约为1∶0.54∶1;平衡施肥较农民习惯施肥增产5.6%,增收714元/hm2;在本试验条件下,钾是玉米产量的第一限制因子.因此,必须科学合理地调配氮磷钾施用比例,加大钾肥的施用量,才能实现玉米高产.     

新疆高产棉花的钾肥施用效果

研究表明 ,钾肥在新疆主要棉田土壤上施用 ,对高产棉花有显著的增产作用 ,增产效果南疆大于北疆。施钾可提高棉花的单铃重和单株铃数。在一定氮磷施用条件下 ,最高产量的施钾( K2 O)量 ,南疆为 13 3 .3 kg/ hm2 ,北疆为 146.8kg/ hm2 。本试验条件下获得棉花高产 ,其氮磷钾施用比例 ,南疆为 N∶ P2 O5∶K2 O=1∶ 0 .50∶ 0 .4 8,北疆为 N∶ P2 O5∶ K2 O=1∶ 0 .50∶ 0 .53。氯化钾和硫酸钾对高产棉花有相似的增产作用     

平衡施肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响试验初报

2012年,在重庆市彭水县进行了马铃薯平衡施肥试验。结果初步表明,最佳施肥(N300kg/hm2,P2O5120kg/hm2,K2O240kg/hm2)条件下,马铃薯单产为28766.7kg/hm2,达到当地的高产水平,每kg养分生产马铃薯18.4kg;在此基础上,继续增加氮肥或磷肥或钾肥的用量,其产量都没有继续增加。足量的磷肥和钾肥对于提高马铃薯的商品性具有重要作用。在供试土壤条件下,要获得马铃薯高产必须施用足够的肥料。     

氮、磷、钾肥对卡因菠萝产量和品质的影响

运用3414试验设计,在大田试验条件下研究氮、 磷、 钾肥不同配比对卡因菠萝产量和品质的影响,提出适宜的肥料用量。结果表明:施用氮（N）、 磷（P2O5）、 钾肥（K2O）卡因菠萝分别增产15.5、 4.8和12.6 t/hm2,增产率为16.8%、 4.5%和13.1%,增加纯收入34800、 11000和27600 Yuan/hm2,农学效率分别为39.3、 42.3和29.6 kg/kg; 施肥增产、 增收效果以及对产量的贡献率均表现为N＞K2O＞P2O5, 肥料农学效率则表现为P2O5＞N＞K2O。在 P2（100 kg/hm2）K2（500 kg/hm2）基础上,施氮降低果实中维生素C和可滴定酸含量,增加了可溶性糖含量,而在N2（400 kg/hm2）P2（100 kg/hm2）基础上,施钾增加果实中维生素C、 可滴定酸和可溶性糖含量,施用磷肥对果实品质影响不大。对卡因菠萝产量效应函数进行频率分析法寻优得出,卡因菠萝目标产量超过105 t/hm2, 95%置信区间的优化施肥量为氮（N）281.27~436.48 kg/hm2、 磷（P2O5）64.03~121.69 kg/hm2、 钾（K2O）428.59~628.55 kg/hm2,N、 P2O5、 K2O的最优施肥量配比为1∶0.15~0.43∶0.982.23。研究结论可为果农从事卡因菠萝栽培提供施肥参考。     

结球甘蓝平衡施用氮磷钾肥效应研究

应用311-A拟饱和最优回归设计和{3,2}单形格子饱和设计,通过氮磷钾肥配比和氮肥分期施用田间试验,建立结球甘蓝施用氮磷钾肥对经济产量、施肥利润及氮肥分期施用比例的效应函数。寻优结果表明,结球甘蓝最高产量的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N277.83、P2O5.64.59和K2O126.53kg.hm2,其最高经济产量达73.877t.hm2;最佳施肥利润的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N267.15、P2O5.62.63和K2O121.56kg.hm2,其最佳施肥利润达46085.87元.hm2,经济产量为73.786t.hm2;较佳施氮分配比例为基肥∶前期追肥∶后期追肥为0.3840∶0.3554∶0.2606,其对应的氮肥用量分别为N106.75、98.80和72.45kg.hm2,期望较高的经济产量可达74.946t.hm2。     

氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响

【目的】施肥不平衡是影响砂田西瓜产量和品质的主要因子。研究氮、 磷、 钾不同施肥量和配施比例对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响,探明旱砂田西瓜高产、 优质的适宜氮、 磷、 钾施用量和配比,对提高砂田西瓜的生产效率具有重要的现实意义。【方法】本研究以中晚熟西瓜品种陇抗九号为试材,在砂田西瓜全膜覆盖栽培条件下,采用氮、 磷、 钾三因素的“311-B”D饱和最优设计,进行田间微区试验。对西瓜产量和品质结果进行二次回归拟合,建立养分回归数学模型。【结果】因素效应分析结果表明,不同因素对西瓜产量的影响以磷肥最大,氮肥次之,钾肥较小; 对西瓜品质的影响以磷肥最大,钾肥次之,氮肥较小,表明在砂田碱性土壤中,磷是影响西瓜产量、 品质的首要因素,当氮、 磷、 钾肥用量分别达231.61、 204.34、 191.78 kg/hm2时,边际产量效应值降至0。氮磷、 氮钾、 磷钾的交互作用对西瓜的产量也有显著影响,某一单一肥料施用量偏高或偏低均不利于西瓜产量的形成,而由于肥料间的交互作用,两者配施则对产量的提高有较强的促进作用。对氮而言,磷的交互效应大于钾; 对磷而言,氮的交互效应大于钾; 对钾而言,磷的交互效应大于氮,其交互作用最显著的区域为N 115.0~341.8 kg/hm2、 P2O5 86.5~298.2 kg/hm2、 K2O 101.6~298.4 kg/hm2。利用模型进行决策表明,砂田西瓜产量超过50 t/hm2的施肥方案为N 193.19~238.18 kg/hm2、 P2O5 162.41~206.72 kg/hm2、 K2O 164.85~214.53 kg/hm2; 西瓜品质综合评分在85分以上的施肥方案为N 195.96~239.44 kg/hm2、 P2O5 167.86~207.52 kg/hm2、 K2O 212.87~267.62 kg/hm2。【结论】砂田西瓜产量达50 t/hm2、 品质综合评分达85分以上的施肥方案为N 195.96~238.18 kg/hm2、 P2O5167.86~206.72 kg/hm2、 K2O 212.87~214.53 kg/hm2,适宜的N、 P2O5、 K2O施用比例约为1∶0.86∶0.98。     

县级测土配方施肥指标体系建立研究—以江苏省江都市水稻为例

以江苏省江都市水稻为例,基于地力差减法预测氮肥用量、 养分丰缺指标法预测磷钾肥用量,构建县域测土配方施肥指标体系,研究分析20052011年测土配方施肥田间试验示范。结果表明,当种植水稻预测目标产量为6825~9270 kg/hm2（平均为8145 kg/hm2）,氮肥推荐用量为146.42~57.4 kg/hm2（平均为207.5~ kg/hm2）。磷钾肥施用标准: 当有效磷含量高于21 mg/kg,不推荐施用磷肥;当有效磷含量在17~21 mg/kg时,推荐施磷（P2O5）量为40.5 kg/hm2;当有效磷含量在10~17 mg/kg时,推荐施磷（P2O5）量为 48 kg/hm2;当有效磷含量低于10 mg/kg 时,推荐施磷（P2O5）量为64.5 kg/hm2。当速效钾含量高于140 mg/kg,不推荐施用钾肥;当速效钾含量在115~140 mg/kg时,推荐施钾（K2O）量为 22.5 kg/hm2;当速效钾含量在60~115 mg/kg时,推荐施钾（K2O）量为40.5 kg/hm2;当速效钾含量低于60 mg/kg 时,推荐施钾（K2O）量为 82.5 kg/hm2。同时对施肥指标体系建立进行校验分析,结果表明基于试验建立施肥指标体系是可行的,从而为构建县域测土配方施肥指标体系提供了方法,达到因土施肥的目的。     

氮磷配比处理对日光温室秋冬茬辣椒的影响

以陇椒3号为试材,在武威市凉州区下双镇研究了不同氮磷配比对日光温室秋冬茬辣椒生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,优化施肥可显著提高辣椒植株的生长势、抗病性和产量。日光温室秋冬茬辣椒最佳施肥配方为施有机肥52 500 kg/hm2、N 343.6 kg/hm2、P2O5 205.7 kg/hm2、K2O 230.7 kg/hm2,N ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O质量比例为1.67 ∶ 1 ∶ 1.12。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.