辐照食品的卫生安全性研究现状

本文综述了食品辐照技术、辐照食品的卫生安全性及其辐照食品标识等研究现状,着重就辐照食品的卫生安全性问题进行了论述,提出了推进我国辐照食品卫生安全质量监控管理及标准体系建设的几点建议。     

食品辐照技术在中国的研究和商业化应用

本文描述了我国食品辐照的研究方面、标准现状和商业化应用情况。现阶段我国食品辐照的研究主要包括农产品药物残留的辐照降解、辐照肉制品的控制条件、辐照提高即食食品的安全性、辐照食物脱敏、辐照冷冻水产品、辐照食品的鉴定和辐照在检疫方面应用。现行的食品辐照国家标准需要修订和增加。介绍了我国食品辐照商业化的进程和质量管理体系。     

论我国的无公害食品标准体系

分析了在我国建立无公害食品标准体系的重要性,阐述了制定无公害食品标准应当遵循的原则,详细论述了无公害食品标准体系的主要构成内容。     

控制辐照食品安全的HACCP质量管理体系

介绍了食品危害分析与关键控制点体系 (HACCP) ,对脱水蔬菜辐照灭菌过程中的各个环节可能造成的潜在危害进行了分析 ,并探讨了在中国辐照食品加工企业中建立HACCP的方法     

高能电子加速器在食品辐照加工中的应用分析

高能电子加速器装置的迅速发展,引起了辐照加工领域的广泛关注,尤其在食品辐照加工业中被广泛看好。本文搜集分析了近年来有关高能电子加速器设备及研究现状等方面的信息,对高能电子束加速器装置类型进行了介绍,对高能电子束和60Coγ射线2种辐照技术做扼要对比,并对今后高能电子加速器在食品辐射加工中的发展提出看法,以期为辐照加工单位及从事食品辐照的专业人员在开展辐照新技术、新工艺的研究开发时提供参考,促进我国食品辐照加工技术及产业的快速发展。     

中国辐照食品的产业化发展

本文详细介绍了国内外辐照食品的发展情况 ,并介绍了减少食源性疾病的发生、进出口检疫、粮食贮存以及中成药辐照杀虫灭菌的推广应用 ,分析了我国辐照食品发展中存在的问题并提出了相关建议。     

《食品辐照加工技术》书评

《现代食品加工新技术丛书》新近由化学工业出版社组织出版,其中由汪勋清、哈益明、高美须编著的《食品辐照加工技术》一书,介绍了食品辐照加工技术的基本原理、加工工艺、技术经济可行性、辐照检疫、辐照食品质量管理、食品辐照技术商业化、辐照食品国际贸易,较全面地反映了辐照加工技术在食品和农产品中应用现状和前景。     

中国加入WTO后河南省食品辐照的发展对策

论述了加入WTO对中国食品辐照的影响 ,分析了河南省食品辐照存在的问题 ,并提出了河南省食品辐照的发展对策     

试论广西农产品、食品辐照加工业的发展前景

介绍了国内外辐照食品加工业发展概貌 ,展望了广西农产品、食品辐照加工业的发展前景。     

山东辐照食品概况及发展前景

回顾了山东省辐照食品研究的发史及其成就和现状，展望了辐射食品的发展前景，并就辐照食品的商业化问题提出了看法。     

宠物食品辐照灭菌及工艺剂量研究

本文以皮卷、绿爽洁牙骨、鸡肉排骨、鸡胸肉为试验材料,开展了宠物食品辐照灭菌工艺剂量的研究。结果表明：辐照剂量为4kGy时杀菌率达到了92%以上,辐照剂量为6 kGy时杀菌率已达99%以上,检测的各项微生物指标均符合国家食品卫生标准要求,10 kGy即可达到完全灭菌的效果。辐照前后4种样品中均未检出沙门氏菌。4～10 kGy辐照后,宠物食品中水分、脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维、碳水化合物、矿质元素（除钙）及17种氨基酸的含量与对照相比差异均不显著,说明辐照对宠物食品的营养品质影响很小;在此剂量范围内,样品辐照前后的色泽、风味与滋味也没有明显变化。由此,确定宠物食品适宜的辐照工艺剂量范围为4～10 kGy。     

Detection of irradiated ingredients included in low quantity in non-irradiated food matrix. 2. ESR analysis of mechanically recovered poultry meat and TL analysis of spices

Protocols EN 1786 and EN 1788 for the detection of irradiated food by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL) were not conceived for the detection of irradiated ingredients included in low concentration in nonirradiated food. An enzymatic hydrolysis method, realized at 55 degrees C, has been developed for the extraction of silicate minerals and bone fragments. When followed by a purification of the extracts by an aqueous solution of sodium polytungstate, this method made it possible to detect very low inclusions of irradiated spices (0.05%, wt/wt by TL) included in various meals (cheeses and precooked meals). Even for food containing together two ingredients (spices and mechanically recovered meat), it was possible to detect and identify them simultaneously.     

Detection of irradiated ingredients included in low quantity in non-irradiated food matrix. 1. Extraction and ESR analysis of bones from mechanically recovered poultry meat

Protocol EN 1786 for the detection of irradiated food by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was not conceived for the detection of irradiated bone-containing ingredients included in low concentration in non-irradiated food. An enzymatic hydrolysis method, realized at 55 degrees C, has been developed for the extraction of the bone fraction. When followed by a purification of the extracts by an aqueous solution of sodium polytungstate, this method made possible the detection of irradiated mechanically recovered poultry meat at very low inclusions (0.5%, wt/wt by ESR) in various meals (quenelles and precooked meals).     

Effect of gamma and e-beam radiation on the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris thymoliferum, Eucalyptus radiata, and Lavandula angustifolia

The microbiological contamination of raw plant materials is common and may be adequately reduced by radiation processing. This study evaluated the effects of gamma- and e-beam ionizing radiations (25 kGy) on three plants used as food or as medicinal products (Thymus vulgaris L., Eucalyptus radiata D.C., and Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) as well as their effects on extracted or commercial essential oils and pure standard samples. Comparison between irradiated and nonirradiated samples was performed by GC/FID and GC/MS. At the studied doses, gamma and e-beam ionizing radiation did not induce any detectable qualitative or quantitative significant changes in the contents and yields of essential oils immediately after ionizing radiation of plants or commercial essential oils and standards. As the maximum dose tested (25 kGy) is a sterilizing dose (much higher than doses used for decontamination of vegetable drugs), it is likely that even decontamination with lower doses will not modify yields or composition of essential oils of these three plants.     

Determination of 2-alkylcyclobutanones with electronic impact and chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in irradiated foods

The use of a column containing 60 g of silica gel for cleanup and the use of isobutane as a reactant reagent for chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of the saturated and monounsaturated alkyl side-chain 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs; specifically induced by irradiation from fat in foods until the proof of contrary) has improved both the sensibility and the selectivity of the method when applied for the detection of irradiated foods. The quality of the chromatograms obtained was improved, allowing the detection of food samples (avocados) irradiated at low doses (0.1 kGy) or irradiated ingredients included in low proportions (less than 5%, wt/wt) in nonirradiated culinary foods. These analytical modifications for the detection of 2-ACBs on the official EN 1785 method enable an extension of its current field of application using common equipment of food quality control laboratories.     

辐照对桂圆干的杀菌效果及营养成分的影响

以桂圆干为原料,研究2、4、6、8及10kGy辐照对其微生物的杀灭作用及营养成分的影响.结果表明:6kGy辐照的桂圆干中,菌落总数、霉菌及大肠杆菌的含量都均符合国家标准的要求;辐照对桂圆于中粗脂肪、灰分、Fe、P、Na和VB2的含量的影响不显著,对蛋白质、粗纤维、碳水化合物、水分、Ca、K和VC的含量影响显著.6～10...     

辐照对农产品中细菌ATP生物发光检测的干扰

ATP生物发光技术已广泛应用于样品含菌量的快速检测,但在应用该方法检测农产品的辐照灭菌效果时却出现了发光强度均高于对照的现象。本文分别从γ射线对ATP的影响、发光动力学以及发光强度增高的途径等方面对上述现象进行了研究。结果表明,发光强度的增加并非由ATP所造成引起的,而是由农产品中含有的细菌经辐照后引起的;干扰荧光素—荧光素酶制品中存在的能引起光辐射的物质是形成干扰的另一方面的原因。     

中国绿色农业指标体系建设指导原则和构架

本文论述了食品安全法的落实要建立在农产品质量安全法基础上, 而农产品质量安全法的实施要建立在绿色农业(食品)安全法基础上。绿色农业应该成为未来现代农业发展的主流方向, 绿色食品应该成为替代无公害食品和有机食品的主流食品。随着绿色农业(食品)国际联盟的建立, 加快中国绿色农业和绿色食品的国际化发展成为当前和未来中国农业发展的重要任务。本文提出了加快中国绿色农业指标体系建设的指导原则和构架, 为绿色农业(食品)基地的建设和评估提供理论依据, 进一步提出了绿色农业(食品)标准体系制定的指导原则和构架, 为各部门和各专业人员制定食品安全标准提供建设性指导意见, 以加快我国食品安全标准的制定。