共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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采用全生育期土培盆栽试验,在研究2个棉花基因型钾吸收效率和利用效率的基础上,对未嫁接和经嫁接的自根苗(接穗和砧木为同一基因型)处理的棉花干物质和钾的积累、分配进行比较。结果表明:自根苗植株与未嫁接植株相比,不同棉花基因型在不同钾水平下干物质和钾的积累及分配不同。高效基因型103经过嫁接后营养器官中的干物质和钾比例增加,生殖器官中的干物质和钾减少,产量和钾利用指数下降;低效基因型122经过嫁接后营养器官中的干物质和钾比例减少,生殖器官中的干物质和钾增加,产量和钾利用指数升高。吸收效率因钾水平而异,高效基因型103嫁接后施钾时吸收效率降低,缺钾时升高;而低效基因型122嫁接后施钾时吸收效率升高,缺钾时降低。嫁接对不同棉花基因型产生的效应不同,通过嫁接使不同棉花基因型物质分配趋于平衡。 相似文献
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以钾高效高潜基因型HG103和低效低潜基因型LG122为材料,在盆栽条件下研究了钾对不同棉花基因型叶片解剖结构的影响。结果显示:花铃期施钾条件下HG103上部叶主叶脉的上、下表皮细胞排列较LG122紧密和整齐,而下部叶片则相反;缺钾后HG103上部叶主叶脉比LG122发育得好;HG103叶脉维管束木质部具有较多导管数,利于养分和水分等的运输,而LG122木质部导管数相对较少;HG103上部叶叶脉的韧皮部比LG122较为发达,利于光合产物运输。花铃期施钾条件下HG103上部叶的叶肉细胞结构与LG122差别不大,下部叶的栅栏组织则没有LG122排列的整齐。缺钾时,HG103上部叶叶肉的上表皮细胞比LG122排列的较为整齐,栅栏组织和海绵组织形状较规则;而下部叶LG122栅栏组织和海绵组织比HG103分化得好。 相似文献
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不同基因型棉花根系对局部供磷的响应特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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钾镁水平对番茄苗期生长、根系形态及钾素吸收和生理利用效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水培方法,研究不同钾、镁水平对"天福冠露"和"毛粉802"两种番茄幼苗生长、根系特征及钾素吸收、利用效率的影响。结果表明,钾、镁水平(8 mmol/L、1 mmol/L)处理的植株鲜重、干重及钾、镁水平(4 mmol/L、4 mmol/L)处理的株高显著高于其他处理。随钾、镁水平升高,两种番茄植株的根长、"天福冠露"植株的根直径、根体积和分根数先减少后增加;番茄植株钾素吸收率显著提高,生理利用效率显著降低。钾、镁水平(8 mmol/L、1 mmol/L)处理的植株根长、根表面积、根直径及根体积显著高于缺钾处理。钾、镁水平(4 mmol/L、4 mmol/L)处理,两种番茄植株根长、根表面积、根体积和分根数均显著高于缺镁处理,"天福冠露"植株钾含量显著高于"毛粉802",而钾素生理利用效率显著低于"毛粉802"。与其它等钾处理相比,缺镁植株钾素积累量最低、生理利用效率最高,镁过量处理的植株钾素生理利用效率显著降低。 相似文献
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不同基因型棉花苗期钾效率差异及其机制的研究 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:13
用营养液培养研究了103、138、163、1651、22和169等6个棉花基因型苗期钾效率差异及其初步机制。根据不同基因型钾效率系数和增长潜力的差异,区分为高效高潜(103、138)、高效低潜(163、165)、低效高潜(122)和低效低潜(169)基因型。在钾胁迫时,1031、38长势较好,单株干物重最大,而钾含量最低,它们能以较低钾含量构建较多的生物量,因此对钾的利用率大;由于其干物质冠根比大,因而能使较少的根系物质维持较多的地上部生长;与此相应,其单株钾积累量较大,且地上部钾积累量占较大比重,表明其吸收和转运钾素的能力较强;其叶绿素含量是上部叶高于下部叶,且二者差值较大,从而较好地促进上部叶的生理功能。而122、169则正好相反,缺钾时它们具有较高的钾含量,干物重却最小,其中169干物重仅为103的43.93%,因而钾积累量也最少,其吸收、积累和利用钾的能力弱。163、165的单株干物重、增长潜力以及地上部钾积累量比重均较低,其吸收和转运钾的能力属中低水平。 相似文献
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用鄂抗8号棉花为试验材料,以水培的方法研究了不同钾、硼水平下棉花的生长状况及钾、硼的利用效率。结果表明:与正常处理(K 20 mg/L,B 0.2 mg/L)棉花相比,(1)缺钾(K 2 mg/L,B 0.2 mg/L)阻碍棉花地上部正常生长、干物质的积累,叶绿素合成受阻,但促进了根的伸长,缺钾不利于棉株对硼的吸收和利用,增加钾供应量可以促进硼的吸收利用。(2)缺硼(K 20 mg/L,B 0.002 mg/L)不利于棉株生长,棉株干物质积累量减少,不利于棉花对钾的吸收利用。(3)缺钾缺硼(K 2 mg/L,B 0.002 mg/L)时,棉花的生物量、SPAD值和钾、硼积累量均显著降低,钾的利用效率升高了143%,但对硼的利用受到抑制。研究结果表明,缺钾阻碍棉花对硼的吸收利用,缺硼不利于棉花对钾的吸收利用,而缺钾缺硼时,棉花对钾的利用受到促进,对硼的利用受到抑制。 相似文献
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籼稻不同基因型对钾、钠的反应 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本研究用微区试验研究了4种典型基因型在田间条件下对钾、钠反应的遗传差异。这4种基因型是经液培方法从近300种基因型中筛选得到的。结果表明,在低钾条件下,钾高效基因型的钾素利用效率、钾素经济利用效率、对胡麻斑病的抗性等都显著高于钾低效基因型;不同基因型对钠的反应差异明显;茎叶的钾钠含量互成显著的反相关。 相似文献
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Potassium (K) deficiency is one of the main limiting factors in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. To study the mechanism of high K‐use efficiency of cotton, a pot experiment was conducted. The experiment consisted of two cotton genotypes differing in K‐use efficiency (H103 and L122) and two K‐application levels (K0: 0 g (kg soil)–1; K1: 0.40 g (kg soil)–1). Root‐hair density and length, partitioning of biomass and K in various organs, as well as K‐use efficiency of the two cotton genotypes were examined. The results show that there was no significant difference in K uptake between the two genotypes at both treatments, although the genotype H103 (high K‐use efficiency) exhibited markedly higher root‐hair density than genotype L122 in the K1 treatment. Correlation analysis indicates that neither root‐hair density nor root‐hair length was correlated with plant K uptake. Furthermore, the boll biomass of genotype H103 was significantly higher than that of genotype L122 in both treatments, and the K accumulation in bolls of genotype H103 was 39%–48% higher than that of genotype L122. On the other hand, the litter index (LI) and the litter K‐partitioning index (LKPI) of genotype H103 were 14%–21% and 22%–27% lower than that of genotype L122. Lastly, the K‐use efficiency of total plant (KUE‐P) of genotype H103 was comparable with that of genotype L122 in both treatments, but the K‐use efficiency in boll yield (KUE‐B) of genotype H103 was 24% and 41% higher than that of genotype L122 in K0 and K1 treatments. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that KUE‐P was positively correlated with BKPI and negatively correlated with LKPI, while KUE‐B was positively correlated with BKPI and boll‐harvest index (HIB), and negatively correlated with LKPI. It is concluded that there were no pronounced effects of root‐hair traits on plant K uptake of the two genotypes. The difference in K‐use efficiency was attributed to different patterns of biomass and K partitioning rather than difference in K uptake of the two genotypes. 相似文献
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【目的】深入探究小麦钾效率的遗传基础,定向培育钾高效小麦品种是缓解我国钾肥资源短缺的重要途径。本文拟对不同钾处理条件下小麦苗期钾效率相关性状进行鉴定,并进行差异分子标记关联分析,筛选与钾效率紧密关联的分子标记,为钾效率相关基因的克隆及其在育种中的应用奠定基础。【方法】本研究以不同小麦品种(134份)为试验材料,于2014年和2015年,在山东农业大学温室内进行了营养液培养试验。设置正常供钾和低钾水平两个处理,7cm高、7日龄的幼苗在黑暗中生长28天后收获。将幼苗分为地上部和根部,测定植株干重(生物量)、钾含量,计算植株钾累积量、根冠生物量比和钾累积量比和钾利用效率。分析低钾处理对生物量及钾效率相关性状的影响,并以该群体检测到的15230个差异SNP标记为基础,用TASSEL5.0软件中的GLM模型和MLM模型对钾效率相关性状数据进行标记.性状的关联分析,以确定小麦苗期钾效率稳定关联的分子标记位点。【结果】与正常钾处理相比,低钾处理下植株根、冠及全株钾含量及积累量均显著下降,而根冠生物量比、根冠和全株钾利用率均显著增加。关联分析共获得了1300个关联分子标记,其中1102个标记被定位在19条染色体上,这些分子标记绝大多数仅在特定环境条件下被检测到,三个环境下均可检测到的相对稳定的分子标记位点仅有3个,分别为Excalibur_c14273_1407、Ku_c11150_773、BS00094893_51。同时,试验筛选出4个性状簇集位点标记,这些位点同时与6~7个性状存在显著关联,分别为Excalibur_c8670_972、wsnp_Ex_c12887_20426781、wsnp_Ku_c13311_21255428、IACX5989。【结论】低钾处理对小麦苗期生长及钾效率相关性状遗传控制位点有显著影响,低钾处理下与生物量和钾效率相关性状显著关联的分子标记绝大多数在同一个钾处理环境中被检测到,因此不同钾处理环境下这些性状可能由截然不同的基因控制。试验检测到4个至少与6个性状同时显著关联的热点分子标记位点,这些位点与小麦苗期多个生物量及钾效率相关性状均存在显著关联,可能包含重要的基因信息,值得进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(2):132-143
To study the differences in growth and potassium (K)–use efficiency of two different K-use-efficiency cotton genotypes, a pot experiment was conducted in 2007. Experimental materials include two cotton genotypes (HG103 and LG122) and two K application levels (0 and 0.23 g kg–1 soil). The initial dates of various growth stages, plant heights, numbers of leaves, squares, and bolls, and the amount of litter during the whole growing season were recorded. The distribution and accumulation of dry matter and K content in various organs were measured to compare the differences in K-use efficiency. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two genotypes and K levels were found in initial bolling time. At the reproductive growth stage, the plant heights and leaf number of HG103 were less than those of LG122. Greater numbers of squares and bolls were recorded from HG103 than LG122 with K application. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in dry matter and K contents in each organ in the two genotypes and K-application levels. The seed cotton yields of HG103 were 3.24 times larger than those of LG122 with K application and 1.77 times larger than those of LG122 with the marginal K treatments. Reproductive-to-vegetative ratios (RVR) and harvest indices (HI) of LG122 were less than those of HG103 whether K was applied or not. The ratios of K in reproductive organs to vegetative organs for LG122 were 0.47 and 0.51 with K application and the marginal treatments, respectively, and for HG103 were 0.66 and 0.75 respectively. The K accumulations in root, stem, and litter of LG122 were more than those of HG103, whereas those in leaves and bolls were less than those of HG103. These results indicated that HG103 transferred more photosynthesis products and K to cotton reproductive organs than LG122. 相似文献
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Yanshu Hao Jing Lei Xiuwen Wu Lishu Wu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(2):170-177
Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Plant growth and development can be seriously affected by K deficiency. However, plants with different K efficiencies behave differently. It is still not fully understood how plants with higher K efficiency could maintain better growth in a low K environment and what is the relationship between K recycling and photosynthesis metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the difference in K re-translocation and photosynthesis transportation can explain genotype differences in K efficiency between K-efficient genotype 103 and K-inefficient genotype 122. Results of this study showed that the dry matter accumulation of genotype 122 decreased much more than that of genotype 103 affected by K deficiency environment. Root growth of the two genotypes was inhibited by K deficiency, but genotype 122 was affected more than genotype 103. Using the K utilization index as an evaluation factor for K efficiency, it was found that genotype 103 was significantly higher than genotype 122. Potassium affected the K distribution in plants for both the genotypes. Potassium was distributed more to the stem and leafstalk in a normal K environment whereas it was more to the leaf and root in a low K environment, especially for genotype 103. Potassium also affected photosynthetic products’ distribution. The leaf of genotype 122 accumulated most of its photosynthetic product while genotype 103 had better ability to transport it into the root to maintain better growth under a K-deficient environment. Results of this study indicated that more K recycling into the root and more efficient transport of the photosynthetic product into the root contribute to better root growth and therefore increased tolerance to K deficiency. 相似文献
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