鸭Toll样受体4基因(TLR4)第3外显子的多态性及其与免疫性状的关联分析

Toll样受体4(TLR4)是Toll样受体家族中重要的模式识别受体之一。为分析蛋鸭TLR4基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)及其免疫性状相关的分子标记,本研究采用直接测序方法在绍兴鸭与缙云麻鸭(Anas platyrhyncha domestica)TLR4基因第3外显子的2254bp序列搜寻,结果共发现10个SNP位点,χ2检验表明,其中7个SNP位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。采用最小二乘法对基因型与蛋鸭部分免疫性状关联分析发现,T141G与T398C位点AB基因型个体的法氏囊指数与白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平显著高于BB基因型个体(P<0.05),A661G位点AA和AB基因型个体的胸腺指数极显著高于BB基因型个体(P<0.01),而BB基因型个体的IL-2水平显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);T699C位点AB基因型个体的胸腺指数显著高于BB基因型个体(P<0.05);A1563G位点AA基因型个体的胸腺指数极显著高于AB和BB基因型个体(P<0.01),研究结果提示,这5个SNPs可能是蛋鸭免疫性状的重要分子标记,可尝试作为蛋鸭免疫性状的候选分子标记。     

荷斯坦母牛DNA依赖性蛋白激酶基因(PRKDC)多态性及其与体细胞评分的关系

设计5对引物P1～P5,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测210头荷斯坦母牛DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-dependent protein kinase,PRKDC)基因部分序列的多态性.结果发现P2扩增的外显子区域存在G34126A 1个突变位点,导致丝氨酸变为天冬酰胺;P3的扩增产物存在C77353T、T77384G、C77406T和77 408bp处C缺失4个突变位点.P2扩增产物经SSCP分析有AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,其频率分别为0.186、0.433和0.381;P3扩增片段经SSCP分析有CC、CD、DD、CE和DE 5种基因型,其频率分别为0.786、0.129、0.009、0.067和O.009.用最小二乘法分析PRKDC基因多态性与荷斯坦母牛体细胞评分(somatic cell score,SCS)的关系,结果表明:对于P2扩增产物多态位点,AA基因型SCS最小二乘均值显著低于AB和BB基因型所对应的值(均为P＜0.05),AB和BB基因型SCS最小二乘均值差异不显著(P＞0.05);对乳房炎抗性,AA是最有利基因型,BB是最不利基因型;对于P3扩增产物多态位点,CC、CD、DD、CE和DE基因型SCS最小二乘均值差异均不显著(P＞0.05).研究结果初步表明PRKDC基因G34126A多态位点的A等位基因是提高奶牛乳房炎抗性的一个潜在的DNA标记.     

蛋鸽雌激素受体基因多态性与产蛋量关联分析

雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ESR)是核受体超家族中的一种配体依赖的转录因子,大量研究显示,ESR基因与动物的繁殖活动密切相关.为了分析ESR基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNPs)及其与蛋鸽(Columba livia)产蛋量的关系,本研究以泰平王鸽(C.livia)215个样本为研究对象,采用第一代测序法对ESR基因部分片段进行SNPs筛选.在所测的3个片段中共发现了10个突变位点,分别为ESRα基因的T129416C,ESRβ基因的T365C、A388G、C389A、A429G、G451A、G577A、T672C、A923C和T17167C,其中有3个突变位于外显子上,但只有位点G577A导致了氨基酸的改变,由氨基酸异亮氨酸(isoleucine,Ile)转变为缬氨酸(valine,Val).对10个位点进行了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态检验,结果显示,所有位点均处于平衡状态.10个位点的连锁不平衡分析显示,位点S2与位点S4、S9为强连锁不平衡(D'≈1,r2＞0.8),位点S4、S9可以完全代表S2.多态位点与产蛋量关联分析显示,位点S8与产蛋量呈极显著相关,其中杂合子AB型的平均产蛋量极显著的高于纯合子AA型(P＜0.01);而纯合子BB型的平均产蛋量低于AB型,高于AA型,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).本研究表明,ESRβ基因中位点S8可作为蛋鸽产蛋量性状选育的候选分子标记位点,为蛋鸽的分子标记辅助育种提供资料.     

鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体基因(ovr)SNPs检测及其与蛋用性状的关联分析

以6个鸡(Gallus gallus)品种混交群体390个个体为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RF-SSCP及测序的方法进行鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体(occyte vitellogenesis receptor,ovr)基因内含子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点筛选,并与鸡群蛋用性状进行关联分析.结果表明,在鸡ovr基因中发现内含子2T3967G,内含子7C8099T和A8296G,内含子9A8839T和G9084A共5个突变位点;其中内含子2HinfⅠ突变位点与开产日龄和蛋壳厚度相关极显著(P＜0.01),与产蛋量、蛋重和蛋黄比例相关显著(P＜0.05);3种基因型中订个体在开产日龄、平均产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例等方面都优于其它基因型个体.研究结果证实了ovr基因对鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质性状有重要的影响.     

生长分化因子-9(GDF9)基因多态性与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关联性分析

为探讨生长分化因子-9基因(GDF9)的多态性与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关系,本研究以中国农业科学院家禽研究所选育的216只邵伯鸡(Gallus domesticus)母系为材料,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测GDF9基因的SNPs,并分析基因多态性对邵伯鸡母系开产体重、开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄总产蛋数以及300日龄平均蛋重之间的关系。结果显示,在外显子2发现3个突变位点,G2051A位点检测到3种基因型GG、GA和AA,相关分析显示,GG基因型个体的开产体重和开产蛋重显著低于AA型个体(P0.05),而300日龄产蛋数显著高于AA型个体(P0.05);T2273C位点检测到2种基因型TT和TC,TT基因型个体与CT基因型个体的各性状差异均不显著(P0.05),C2336T位点检测到3种基因型CC、CT和TT,CT基因型个体的开产日龄显著早于CC与TT型个体(P0.05),其300日龄产蛋数显著高于CC型与TT型个体(P0.05)。3个位点的联合基因型GGCTCT对开产体重、开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄平均蛋重、300日龄产蛋数均有显著影响。研究结果提示,邵伯鸡母系GDF9基因的多态性与产蛋性状呈显著相关,可尝试用联合基因型GGCTCT为筛选邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的分子标记辅助选择。     

大口黑鲈高密度脂蛋白结合蛋白基因(HBP)SNPs的筛选及与生长性状关联性分析

高密度脂蛋白结合蛋白(high density lipoprotein binding protein,HBP)在动物的脂肪代谢中发挥重要的作用。脂类是鱼类的重要能源物质,尤其是那些对糖类利用率很低的肉食性鱼类。HBP基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)可能会影响脂肪代谢,而对大口黑鲈的生长性状产生影响,研究其SNP与生长性状的相关性可为其分子标记辅助选择提供候选标记。本研究根据大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)EST-SNP库中HBP基因的序列(GenBank accession No.KF652241),用直接测序法在HBP基因3'非编码区获得了3个SNPs位点:H1(G+2782T),H2(T+2817C)和H3(G+2857A);随机选择同批繁殖、同塘养殖的165尾大口黑鲈样本,对3个SNPs位点用SnaPshot方法进行检测和分型,分型结果用软件Popgene32进行遗传结构分析;运用软件spss17.0的一般线性模型(general linear model,GLM)对获得的不同基因型与生长性状进行关联分析。结果表明,3个位点均处于哈温平衡,其中H1和H2位点组成了两种单倍型(A和B),观测到3种基因型(AA、AB和BB);H1、H2和H3共组成6种双倍型(D1、D2、D3、D4、D5和D6)。不同基因型与生长性状的相关性分析显示,基因型BB在体质量和全长形态指标显著高于基因型AB(P0.05),双倍型D6在体质量和全长形态指标显著高于双倍型D4(P0.05)。本研究在大口黑鲈HBP基因3'非编码区获得了与生长性状相关的SNPs标记,可应用于大口黑鲈分子标记辅助选择育种。     

奶牛IGFBP-3基因部分序列PCR-SSCP多态性与产奶量和生长性能的相关性

采用PCR-SSCP技术,对荷斯坦奶牛及荷斯坦公牛冻精杂交改良的黄牛后代(回交二代)共105头奶牛胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3)基因内含子2部分序列和外显子3全部序列进行了多态性研究,分析了该基因与奶牛生产性状的相关性.结果表明:IGFBP-3基因第2内含子共存在2个等位基因3种基因型,A、B基因频率为O.7667和O.2333,AA、AB和BB基因型频率分别为0.6000、O.3333和0.0667.该群体在这一位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,遗传杂合度(H(e))和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为O.3578和为O.2937.测序结果显示,与普通黄牛该基因序列(AF305712)相比,B等位基因在第8 515碱基处发生了G→A的转换,而A等位基因在此处与AF305712序列相同.此外,A、B等位基因在第8 634碱基位置(属第3外显子区)均为c,而普通黄牛在此处为T碱基,该突变为同义突变.最小二乘法分析表明,AA基因型305 d产奶量和12月龄体重极显著高于AB和BB基因型(P<0.01);AA型12月龄体长和体高均极显著高于AB型(P<0.01),而BB型与AB型和AA型差异不显著;不同基因型的胸围和腹嗣差异不显著.     

五指山猪GH、IGFBP3基因SNPs检测及与生长性状的关联分析

以五指山猪为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP和测序相结合技术,对GH基因和IGFBP3基因进行多态性检测,并分析其与生长性状（体质量,体高,体长和胸围）的相关性。结果表明,GH基因第2外显子存在一处G→A转换,属沉默突变,该位点与生长性状关联分析显示,BB基因型的体重显著高于AA基因型和AB基因型;IGFBP3基因第2外显子存在一处G→C颠换,属沉默突变,该位点与生长性状关联分析显示,AA基因型的体高显著高于BB基因型;IGFBP3基因第4内含子存在一处碱基C缺失,该位点与生长性状关联分析显示,AA基因型体重显著高于AB基因型和BB基因型。研究将为五指山猪生长发育规律、系统选育及矮小机制等方面研究提供了遗传学依据。     

西安地区荷斯坦奶牛群5个基因位点遗传多态性与泌乳性状的相关分析

首次以IGFBP-3基因作为中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的候选基因，对中国荷斯坦奶牛群5个基因位点中4个多态基因位点与泌乳性状进行了相关分析。κ-cn、β-lg、β-lg 5′侧翼区和IGFBP-3多态基因位点基因型与泌乳性状的最小二乘分析和多重比较表明，κ-cn基因位点基因型对所有的性状影响不显著；IGFBP-3 BB型的305 d泌乳量显著高出AA、AB型1054.17 kg和838.15 kg (P <0.05)， AB型的乳蛋白率显著高于BB型(P< 0.05)；β-lg AA型对乳脂率与乳蛋白率的比值有正效应，AB型对乳蛋白率具有负效应；β-lg 5′侧翼区AA型的305 d泌乳量显著高于AB型(P <0.05)，AA型的乳脂率显著高于BB型(P < 0.05)， BB型的乳蛋白率显著高于AB型(P <0.05)。     

济宁青山羊高繁殖力候选基因类固醇21-羟化酶基因(CYP21)的研究

采用PCR-SSCP和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术检测类固醇21-羟化酶基因(steroid 21-hydroxylase,CYP21)10个外显子在山羊(Capra hircus)低繁殖力品种(安哥拉山羊和内蒙古绒山羊)、中等繁殖力品种(波尔山羊)和高繁殖力品种(济宁青山羊)中的碱基变异,同时研究该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响.结果表明,10对引物中仅引物P10扩增片段存在多态性.对于P10扩增产物,在内蒙古绒山羊、波尔山羊和济宁青山羊中检测到AA、AB和BB基因型,在安哥拉山羊中检测到AA和AB基因型;测序分析发现,BB与AA基因型相比发生了A2789C、C2791A、G2818A、G2851C、G2852T和G2854A的突变,在第2821与2 822位发生了两个碱基CG的缺失突变,导致426～448位共有19个氨基酸发生改变;济宁青山羊BB和AB基因型产羔数最小二乘均值分别比AA基因型的多0.81只(P＜0.05)和0.47只(P＜0.05),BB和AB基因型之间差异不显著(P＜0.05).研究结果初步表明CYP21基因的B等位基因是提高山羊产羔数的一个潜在有效的DNA标记.     

Using kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) as a phytoremediation plant species for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) removal in saline soils

Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is usually planted from early autumn until late winter. Since most of the plants used for phytoremediation cannot be grown during this time, kale can be a suitable option for phytoremediation and utilized during autumn and winter in urban landscape, especially in metropolitan areas where high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions exist. Kale growth in saline soil at different growth stages (germination and vegetative growth stages) was studied in this investigation. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used in this study. Treatments included three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 30, and 60 mg/kg), four levels of Cd (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), and four levels of Pb (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants. The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd and effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands. Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments, whereas, Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition. Also, proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress. From the results of this study, it was concluded that using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively.     

茶树脱水素基因(CsDHN)的克隆及表达分析

脱水素(dehydrins,DHNs)是植物胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白(late embriogenesis abundant protein,LEA)中的一类,与低温、干旱以及盐胁迫等多种逆境反应相关.本研究采用cDNA末端快速扩增(rapidamplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术从茶树(Camellia sinensis)中获得一种茶树脱水素基因CsDHN (GenBank登录号:FJ436978),序列分析显示,该基因cDNA全长960 bp,编码201个氨基酸,推测编码蛋白质分子量约为21kD,等电点为8.3,属于Y3SK2型脱水素.CsDHN基因有2个外显子和1个内含子.生物信息学预测显示,该脱水素蛋白亲水性强、无信号肽和跨膜区,亚细胞定位于细胞质中.表达特性分析表明,CsDHN在逆境及脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)诱导下可上调其转录水平,4℃低温处理下表达量可提高4.2倍,而脱水处理能提高93.4倍,高盐处理能提高17.8倍,CsDHN对脱水、高盐胁迫的响应程度优于低温胁迫.CsDHN在茶树各组织器官中都有表达,其中种子中表达量最高,为叶片的11.2倍.研究表明脱水素基因CsDHN可能在茶树防御非生物逆境胁迫和参与茶树种子成熟脱水的活力保护过程起一定作用,为了解茶树抗逆分子机制提供了一定的理论基础.     

锌指核酸酶(ZFN)介导的牛肌肉抑制素基因(MSTN)突变的研究

肌肉生成抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)是肌肉发育的负调控基因,突变后会引起肌肉的过度发育,在肉用动物育种中有非常重要的价值。本研究利用锌指核酸酶(zinc finger nuclease,ZFN)对牛(Bos taurus)MSTN基因的第二外显子特异性剪切,诱导该基因的突变,从而达到敲除该基因的目的。首先对脂质体介导的双质粒共转染牛成纤维细胞的条件进行优化,获得的共转染效率高达19.27%;之后利用两组ZFNs对牛成纤维细胞进行转染,单细胞通过口吸法移入96孔板,经扩大培养后进行PCR筛选,获得18株MSTN基因突变细胞株,其中包括一株双等位基因敲除的细胞系,两组ZFNs对牛成纤维细胞的突变效率分别为6.05%和3.84%;最后,挑选一株突变细胞系进行体细胞核移植研究,共获得24枚重构胚;将去除透明带的重构胚培养于2i培养液中,获得囊胚来源的类滋养层干细胞,通过PCR和测序检测,证明该细胞系在MSTN基因第二外显子具有与供体细胞相同的突变。结果表明,所合成的两组ZFNs可以在MSTN作用位点引起突变,具有很高的突变效率,而且能获得双等位基因突变的细胞株,获得的细胞株能够用作体细胞核移植的供体细胞。本研究为肉用牛的品质改良和育种工作提供了基础资料。     

表达播娘蒿突变基因DsALS-108的抗苯磺隆甘蓝型油菜植株构建

利用化学杀雄剂如苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl,TBM)除草剂诱导雄性不育,是甘蓝型油菜(Brassicanapus)杂种优势应用的主要途径之一.选育具有TBM除草剂抗性的甘蓝型油菜作为父本,有利于简化制种程序,降低制种成本,对提高甘蓝型油菜的产量和品质具有重要意义.乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)是合成支链氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)的关键酶.ALS抑制类除草剂以乙酰乳酸合成酶为靶标,通过抑制其活性阻碍支链氨基酸的合成,导致植株死亡.TBM属于一种磺酰脲类(sulfonylureas,SU) ALS抑制类除草剂.为了改良甘蓝型油菜抗除草剂的遗传特性,本研究首先从一个抗TBM除草剂的播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)天然突变体(#108)中克隆了ALS基因(GenBank登录号:EU520490),命名为DsALS-108.和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)乙酰乳酸合成酶AtALS蛋白序列的比对结果显示,保守氨基酸位点脯氨酸197在突变型蛋白DsALS-108中替换为苏氨酸(即P197T).为了验证含有P197T突变的DsALS-108基因是否使植株产生TBM除草剂抗性的原因,构建表达载体PBI 121-DsALS-108,并通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将该载体转化拟南芥,共获得12个阳性转基因株系.喷洒浓度大于等于1.0× 10-4 g/L TBM后,野生型植株停止生长,趋于死亡,而拟南芥转化植株均能正常生长,说明表达突变基因DsA LS-108致使拟南芥植株抗TBM除草剂.在甘蓝型油菜转化中,以下胚轴为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将载体pCAMBIA3301-DsALS-108导入甘蓝型油菜中,共获得23个阳性转基因株系.结果发现,DsALS-108的表达使甘蓝型油菜对苯磺隆的抗性提高至野生型致死浓度的3倍,即7.5×10-3g/L.而且,当用化学杀雄使用剂量(0.05 mg/L TBM)处理甘蓝型油菜转化植株后,其花粉育性正常,说明该转化植株可作为父本应用于化学诱导的雄性不育系统,进行杂交制种.本研究为利用化学诱导的雄性不育系统实现杂种优势提供新材料.     

The relative efficiency of ionic iron(III) and iron(II) utilization by the rice plant

Uptake of iron by rice plants was equally rapid when supplied as ionic iron(II) or iron(III) at pH 3 and 4. Iron(III) uptake was reduced at pH 5 and uptake of iron when supplied as FeEDTA was relatively low at all three pH levels.

At pH 4 in the presence of plant roots, reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) occurred as indicated by Fe²⁺ BPDS formation. BPDS in a 3:1 ratio to iron(III) suppressed iron uptake by about 70%. The reduction was observed to be located in the endodermis of young roots and exodermis of older roots.

A capacity to oxidize iron(II) at the root surface was also observed under local anaerobic and relatively high pH conditions.

The significance of these two counteracting processes in affecting the oxidation state of iron at the root surface is discussed.     

促性腺激素释放激素基因(GnRH)和生长激素基因(GH)对番鸭产蛋性能的遗传效应分析

促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)和生长激素(GH)分别是下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)与GH/IGF轴分泌的激素,共同参与调控动物的繁殖性能。本研究以白羽番鸭(Cairina moschata)RF系为实验材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术进行基因分型,同时建立适合的线性统计模型,分析基因型与产蛋性能的关联性。结果表明,GnRH基因5’调控区检测到3种基因型AA/AB/BB,经测序比对AA型与BB型相比发生G→A突变,不同基因型与300日龄产蛋数和最大连产天数均显著相关(P<0.05),与开产日龄无显著相关(P>0.05);GH基因内含子3检测到3种基因型CC/CD/DD,经测序比对CC型与DD型相比发生A→G突变,不同基因型与最长连产天数显著相关(P<0.05),与300日龄产蛋数和开产日龄均无显著相关(P>0.05)。两个基因发挥作用的方式主要为加性效应,GnRH基因对300日龄产蛋数和最大连产天数的加性效应值分别为-3.53和-3.33,GH基因对最大连产天数的加性效应值为-2.44。推测GnRH和GH基因是与繁殖主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因。     

Effect of Predominant Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators and Soil Quality Indices under Post Monsoon (Rabi) Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) in Rainfed Black Soils (Vertisols) of Western India

A long-term study was conducted to study the impact of integrated nutrient management on soil quality in post-monsoon sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at Solapur in Maharashtra State in Western India under All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture. The experiment was laid out with ten Integrated Nutrient Management Treatments in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study indicated that among all the integrated nutrient management treatments practiced, the application of 25 kg nitrogen (N) ha^?1 through crop residue (CR) + 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) showed the highest soil quality index of 2.36, which was at par with other treatments receiving farmyard manure (FYM) and crop residues along with urea. The relative order of performance of the integrated nutrient management treatments in influencing soil quality was: T₆: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR) + 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.36) >T₅: 25 kg N ha^?1 (FYM) (2.31) > T₇: 25 kg N ha^?1 (FYM) +25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.30) = T₈: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR) +25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) (2.30) > T₁₀: 25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) +25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.17) > T₄: 25 kg N ha^?1 (CR:crop residues) (2.16) > T₉: 25 kg N ha^?1 (Leucaena loppings) (2.15) > T₃: 50 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (2.10) > T₂: 25 kg N ha^?1 (urea) (1.99) > T_1: 0 kg N ha^?1 (control) (1.77). The results of the study also indicated that average percent contribution of each soil key indicator towards soil quality indices was: pH (3.97%), EC (1.94%), organic carbon (18.6%), available P (2.80%), available K (6.57%), exchangeable Ca (7.02%), available S (3.45%), Available Zn (17.9%), dehydrogenase (DHA) (16.2%), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (18.5%) and mean weight diameter (MWD) (3.14%). Thus, the results of the present study will be highly useful to the land managers in planning effective management of soil quality.     

自PGCs分离克隆哺乳动物ES细胞的研究进展

原始生殖细胞（PGCs）是哺乳动物各级生殖细胞的祖细胞。PGCs在体外合适的培养条件下，可自我更新，形成具有ES特征的多能干细胞系，称作胚胎生殖细胞（EG细胞）。EG细胞高度类似于ES细胞，PGCs可作为哺乳动物ES细胞分离克隆的一个有效替代途径，本研究对自PGCs分离克隆哺乳动物ES细胞的研究进展及其相关问题作一简述。     

氨甲喋呤(MTX)的直接碘标记方法研究

本文报道了~125I(~131I)抗肿瘤药物氨甲喋呤的制备方法,用直接碘化法——NBS、ChT、Iodogen进行标记,并对这几种方法进行了比较。结果表明,NBS法最好,标记率达90—99％。经Sephadex G-75柱凝胶过滤后得到纯产品,放化纯度为95.4％。所制得的标记产品适用于示踪研究。     

Enhanced root uptake of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) by tomato plants inoculated with selected Bacillus plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)

The combination of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant resistance inducers is an alternative crop protection approach in modern agricultural systems. Despite the numerous reports regarding the improved suppression of plant pathogens by their combined application, little is known about the interactions among these components. In the present study, the persistence behavior of the plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in the rhizosphere of tomato plants and its root uptake as well as systemic translocation ability in aboveground parts after combined use with certain Bacillus PGPR strains (B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a, B. pumilus SE34, B. subtilis FZB24 and GB03) were investigated. Additionally, the population dynamics of the PGPR strain B. subtilis GB03 at the tomato root system and rhizosphere soil applied with or without the pesticide were studied. The results showed that the addition of PGPR inocula did not affect the dissipation rate of ASM in rhizosphere soil. Also, the formation of its major metabolite CGA 210007 in soil was rapid, since it was detected one hour after root drench and it was maintained at high levels during the sampling period without considerable variations among the bacterial treatments compared to the control. The uptake and systemic translocation of ASM and its metabolite CGA 210007 from root to shoot was rapid and maximum concentrations were observed at 48–96 h after its application. It was revealed that in plants treated with the PGPR strains B. subtilis GB03 and B. pumilus SE34 the uptake and systemic translocation of ASM and CGA 210007 in the aerial parts of the tomato plants was significantly higher compared to the control receiving no bacterial treatment. Also, the populations of the strain B. subtilis GB03 showed high colonizing ability in the root system and the rhizosphere soil. PGPR strains that lead to enhanced pesticide uptake by plants should be further evaluated as components in integrated management systems.