用人工模拟降雨仪研究我国亚热带土壤的可蚀性

用人模拟降雨仪研究了我国亚热带７种有代表性土壤的可蚀性，结果表明土壤可蚀性因子Ｋ值以紫色土最高，第四纪红色粘土发育的土类最低，该文还用诺谟方法估算了土壤可蚀性因子Ｋ值，但其中大部分与人工模拟降雨仪测得的相差较大，因此，认为该地区极大多数土壤类型不能直接用诺谟图方法来估算土壤可蚀性因子Ｋ值。     

用田间实测法研究我国亚热带土壤的可蚀性K值

本文在自然降雨条件下用全裸地小区田间实测了我国亚热带七种有代表性的不同类型土壤可蚀性Ｋ值。结果表明这七种不同类型土壤间的Ｋ值差别很大，其中紫色和红砂岩发育的耕种普通红壤的Ｋ值最大，分别达到０．４４４和０．４３８，最小的是第四纪红色粘土发育的红色土，其值只人０．１０４，还不到紫色土Ｋ值的１／４。我们变用国际上十分流行的诺谟图方法估算了这七种不同类型土壤的可蚀性Ｋ值，其中有二类土壤用这种方法所估算的Ｋ     

应用不同人工模拟降雨方式对土壤可蚀性K值的研究

运用两种人工模拟降雨方式研究土壤的可蚀性K值，结果表明II方式人工模拟降雨的土壤可蚀性K值比I方式更能显著的反映自然状态下实测的土壤可蚀性K值，因此用II人工模拟降雨试为研究土壤可蚀性K值将更为优越。     

中国亚热带土壤不同前期含水量对可蚀性K值的影响

采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法，研究我国亚热带7种有代表性土壤在干，湿两种状态下的土壤可蚀性K值。结果表明，相同类型土壤在干，湿两种状态下的可蚀性K值存在着明显的差异，耕作土壤的可蚀性K值高于非耕作土壤。     

土壤可蚀性因子的研究

该文采用人工模拟降雨试验方法，研究福建红壤区２６个土壤样品的可蚀性与土壤性质的关系，结果表明，土壤有机质，机械组成、渗透率和紧实度等是影响土壤可蚀性的重要因素，据此建立福建土壤可蚀性的数学模型，评价福建红壤区土壤可蚀性（Ｋ）值的变化范围在０．０３８～０．２８４。     

低丘红壤区旱地土壤渗透性与可蚀性定量关系的研究

应用人工模拟降雨仪和Guelph仪对我国南方低丘红壤区旱地土壤的渗透性与可蚀性之间的定量关系进行了研究,结果表明,第四纪红色土和红砂发育的旱地坡地0－5cm表层土壤饱和渗透率Kfs与土壤的可蚀性K呈现负相关,且它们之间的定量关系可概括为：K≈a.K^-bfs c,其中a,b,c均为土壤有关的系数。     

用人工模拟降雨研究亚热带坡耕地土壤的沟蚀和沟间侵蚀

用人工模拟降雨研究亚热带地区粘淀湿润富铁土和铝质湿润淋溶土的坡耕地土壤沟蚀和沟间侵蚀。研究结果表明，类似于当地花生、山芋垄作的沟垄，在无外来径流影响下土壤沟蚀与沟间侵蚀程度相当，土壤沟侵蚀率与土坡自身特性和外来径流量大小关系密切，相同的外来径流量对不同类型土壤的沟侵蚀率的影响程度也不同。同时利用ＷＥＰＰ中的土壤可蚀性关系式计算出上述两种土壤的沟间可蚀性气值分别为０．１６４６和０．１３６２（１０－６ｋｇ ｓｍ－４）。     

花岗岩崩岗区土壤可蚀性因子估算及其空间变化特征

土壤可蚀性K值是土壤侵蚀模型的必要参数,研究花岗岩崩岗区土壤可蚀性K值有助于宏观判断和定量分析崩岗区土壤侵蚀的空间变化特征.采集湖北通城花岗岩典型崩岗淋溶层、淀积层、母质层土壤,运用5种土壤可蚀性K值估算方法分析各层土壤可蚀性差异,通过室内人工模拟降雨实验验证花岗岩风化土可蚀性K值的有效性及5种估算方法的灵敏度.结果表明:花岗岩风化土的各层土壤可蚀性差异显著,母质层平均K值最大,是淋溶层的1.20倍,淀积层的1.03倍,且各层土壤的稳定含沙率和各粒径流失量差异显著;诺莫法估算的各层土壤的可蚀性K值与40 min每层土的稳定含沙率之比最接近,诺莫法估算各层土壤可蚀性K值的灵敏度最高,为修正诺莫的1.5倍,EPIC模型法的6倍.因此,针对南方花岗岩风化土可采用诺莫法准确评价土壤可蚀性K值.通过估算崩岗不同层次土壤的可蚀性K值及其空间变化特征,对针对性地研究崩岗形成机制及其治理具有一定指导意义.     

紫色丘陵区土壤可蚀性因子研究

土壤可蚀性是标准小区上单位降雨侵蚀力所引起的土壤流失量,具有明确的物理意义和简便的测定方法,是确定土壤流失量的重要指标,也是土壤预测预报模型的重要参数[1]。美国的《农业手册》(No·282,537和703)总结并提出了土壤侵蚀预报模型USLE和RUSLE[2-4]各个参数的计算方法。我国学者对土壤可蚀性进行了大量的研究,朱显谟[5]将土壤抗侵蚀性能分为抗冲性和抗蚀性,学者们[6-7]分别对土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性进行了研究。人工模拟降雨研究土壤可蚀性有效率高、可控性好的特点得到了广泛的运用。史学正等[8]用人工模拟降雨仪研究了亚热带土壤的可蚀性,于东升等[9]用不同人工模拟降雨方式研究了土壤可蚀性     

不同岩性区耕犁扰动对坡耕地土壤可蚀性的影响——以黔中地区为例

为研究不同岩性发育形成的坡耕地土壤在耕犁扰动下的土壤可蚀性变化,为区域水土流失防治和生态环境建设提供参考,选取由紫色砂岩、砂页岩和石灰岩3种岩性发育形成的坡耕地为研究对象,采集耕犁层和犁底层土壤,测定土壤颗粒组成和有机质质量分数,利用EPIC模型,计算土壤可蚀性K值,根据K值变化分析不同岩性区坡耕地受耕犁扰动的影响.结...     

不同土壤抗蚀性能研究

该对四川省农业科学院资阳水土保持试验所布设的７种土壤试验小区，用模拟降雨装置进行了土壤抗蚀性能的初步试验研究，结果表明：（１）７种土壤的抗蚀能力大小依次为：冷沙黄泥＞棕紫泥＞红棕紫泥＞灰色潮土＞红紫泥＞黄红紫泥＞暗棕紫泥；（２）７种土壤的么径流过程累积量与降雨历时、产沙过程累积量与降雨历时，径流过程累积量与产沙过程累积量之间均有显的线性相关关系，以及６种土壤的土壤含水量与开始产流时间之间有非常     

中国亚热带耕作雏形土及强酸土的可蚀性与渗透性关系

To evaluate the validity of different indices in estimating soil readily mineralizable N, soil microbial biomass (Nmic), soil active N (SAN), soluble organic N (SON), net N mineralization rate (NNR) and gross N mineralization rate (GNR) in mineral soils (0-10 cm) from six forest stands located in central Germany were determined and compared with two sampling times: April and November. Additionally, soil density fractionation was conducted for incubated soils (with addition of ¹⁵NH₄-N and glucose, 40 days) to observe the sink of added ¹⁵N in different soil fractions. The study showed that Nmic and NNR in most stands differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) between the two sampling times, but not GNR, SAN and SON. In November, no close relationships were found between GNR and other N indices, or between Nmic, SON, and SAN and forest type. However, in April, GNR was significantly correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with Nmic, SAN, and NNR along with Nmic under beech being significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than under conifers. Furthermore, density fractionation revealed that the light fraction (LF, 0.063-2 mm, > 1.7 g cm^-3) was not correlated with the other N indices. In contrast, results from the incubation study proved that more ¹⁵N was incorporated into the heavy fraction (HF < 0.063 mm, > 1.7 g cm^-3) than into LF, indicaing that more labile N existed in HF than in LF. These findings suggested that attention should be paid to the differences existing in N status between agricultural and forest soils.     

Selection of soil physical quality indicators in relation to soil erodibility

Soil quality indices based on soil characteristics can be used to assess the sustainability of soil and to assist in soil management decisions. Principal component analysis (PCA) technique was used to identify dominant soil characteristics in relation to soil erodibility in watersheds of submontane Punjab (India). Soil physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated for four locations with four land uses at each location whereas runoff, soil loss and soil erodibility were determined at two locations under natural rainfall conditions and at four locations under simulated rainfall conditions. PCA was performed on 22 physical and chemical soil characteristics, which grouped these soil characteristics into five distinct principal components (PCs). These five PCs namely soil hydraulic factor, density factor, structural factor, sand factor and cation factor, explained 86% variability in data. These PCs also explained 86, 96 and 93% variability under natural rainfall conditions and 75, 76 and 77% variability under simulated rainfall conditions in relation to runoff, soil loss and soil erodibility, respectively. Soil total organic carbon content can be considered as dynamic soil physical quality indicator and can be used to monitor temporal and spatial changes in soil quality.     

长沙市东郊不同母质发育耕型红壤的可蚀性因子K值估算

采集了长沙市东郊第四纪红土和花岗岩风化物两种母质发育的耕型红壤样品,通过室内分析获得了土壤的颗粒组成和土壤有机质含量。利用诺谟图法、修正诺谟图法、EPIC模型、几何平均粒径模型和Torri模型分别估算了两种母质发育红壤的可蚀性因子K值,并将估算结果与江西省鹰潭市中国科学院红壤生态试验站通过自然降雨实测方法获得的K值进行了比较。结果显示,Torri模型和几何平均粒径模型比较适合估算长沙市东郊第四纪红土发育红壤的可蚀性K值,Torri模型、几何平均粒径模型和EPIC模型比较适合估算长沙市东郊花岗岩风化物发育红壤的可蚀性K值。     

缓丘坡耕地模拟降雨及土壤通透性研究

利用模拟降雨试验,对发育于红砂岩、千枚岩、第四纪红色粘土母质的赣北丘陵旱作红壤和下蜀黄土母质的宁镇丘陵区旱作黄棕壤,进行了水土流失量、土壤水分特征曲线、室内外土壤通透性等测定,并建立了相应的关系方程。结果表明,耕种黄棕壤较耕种红壤,水土流失更为严重,而且亚表层土壤性质对水土流失有重要影响。在类似的模拟降雨条件下,耕种黄棕壤产生的地表径流1525 l,径流含沙量23.4g/l土壤流失量291.7 t/km²,耕种红壤相应值为621.41,1.6g/l和10.8t/km²。亚表层容重、总孔隙度、有效水含量和透水速度,前者分别为1.4,44%,20%,1.4mm/h,后者分别为1.2,52%,21.7%,25mm/h。根据结果还提出了有关耕地夏季灌溉的建议。     

红壤团聚体特征与坡面侵蚀定量关系

为明确红壤结构特征对坡面侵蚀过程的影响,选取6种典型红壤为研究对象,通过团聚体稳定性分析和野外原位人工模拟降雨试验,就红壤团聚体稳定性特征与坡面侵蚀过程定量关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明：在野外尺度上,红壤团聚体稳定性是影响坡面侵蚀的重要因素;能定量描述土壤可蚀性的团聚体特征参数Ka,与径流强度、产沙强度等侵蚀参数显著相关;将Ka代入WEPP模型,建立了细沟间侵蚀预测方程,方程可决系数较高（R2＝0.86）,显示了较好的预测性能。该研究扩展了团聚体稳定性作为土壤可蚀性指标的适用范围,为红壤侵蚀机理研究提供了新思路。     

土壤容重和降雨强度与土壤侵蚀和入渗关系的定量分析

本文根据人工模拟降雨试验方法,在不同土壤容重,同等坡度和同级降雨强度条件下,以及同种土壤容重,不同降雨强度条件下,对土壤侵蚀和土壤入渗关系进行了定量分析。     

Die Erodibilität ausgewählter Böden der bayerischen Schichtstufenlandschaft

Erodibility of Selected Soils in the Bavarian Scarpland A laboratory rainfall simulator was used to determine the erodibility (K-factor of the USLE) of 6 soils. 3 of the soils were developed from mesozoic sediments (an Ochrept and an Udipsamment from sandstones, an Udorthent from shale), an Udalf and an Udorthent of loessial origin, and an Udorthent, that was developed from a silty-loamy cover. The measured K-values of the loessial soils agreed well with the calculated. But the calculated K-factors for the 3 Jurassic soils underestimated their erodibility. The erodibility of the silty-loamy soil was overestimated. It could be shown that the measured erodibilities agreed better with field data than the calculated.