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发热黄疸型牛病属于牲畜饲养过程中普遍存在的疾病,其传播扩散速度较快,发病率较高,且疾病持续时间较长,会对牛类健康造成严重影响,进而对牛类养殖的整体经济效益产生不利影响。因此,应对此病进行鉴别诊断,并及时采取治疗方法进行有效治疗,减小其对牛类养殖产生的影响。基于此,对发热黄疸型牛病的鉴别诊断方法和治疗方法进行分析探讨,以期能够为牛类养殖人员提供参考。 相似文献
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同位素溯源技术在食品安全中的应用 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感疫病等对食品安全管理带来新的压力,对人类健康构成了极大的威胁,给疫病发生国造成了严重的经济损失,并带来社会恐慌。同位素溯源技术是国际上目前用于追溯不同来源食品和实施产地保护的有效工具之一,在食品安全污染物溯源领域有着广阔的应用前景,一些发达国家纷纷开展此领域的研究。本文阐述了同位素溯源技术的基本原理,比较了同位素溯源技术与其他溯源技术的区别与联系,综述了国内外研究进展,提出了我国在同位素溯源技术方面应开展的研究工作,旨在推动我国食品安全追溯制度的建立与完善,保障食品安全,保证消费者身体健康。 相似文献
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进口饲料中牛、羊源成分的PCR同时检测方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为防止疯牛病和痒病的传入,研究提供了一种利用Chelex-100快速提取动物基因组DNA的方法,并依据牛、羊线粒体基因的同源性序列片段,设计1对通用引物,通过PCR扩增,实现了对进境饲料中牛、羊源成分的同时检测。该方法简单、快捷,在口岸检疫部门中有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
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疯牛病是由朊蛋白基因prnp编码的正常朊蛋白PrPc发生构象变化为致病性朊蛋白PrPsc而引起的传染性疾病,PrPsc在中枢神经的聚集引发了动物的传染性海绵状脑病.降低(下调)PrPc的表达量使其减少向PrPsc转化,是抑制疯牛病的有效途径.本研究利用RNAi技术,针对牛源cDNA序列设计了3段PrPc干扰序列及一个阴性对照,将其连接到RNA干扰载体pGenesil-1上,转染牛胎儿成纤维细胞,通过荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测有干扰序列的有效性,并用700μg/mL G418对细胞进行药物筛选.结果表明,3对干扰片段的抑制效率分别是51.2%、85.7%和74.6%,阴性对照的干扰效率是2.05%,得到了一个较为有效地干扰片段,并且筛选出了稳定转染的细胞单克隆,为进一步的体细胞核移植提供供体细胞. 相似文献
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加强对进口饲料中牛羊源成分的检测是防止疯牛病和痒病传播的一个重要措施。根据已发表的牛和羊特异性基因及引物序列,分别设计了1条牛和羊特异性semi-nested PCR引物,并采用semi-nested PCR技术对饲料中的牛和羊成分进行了扩增检测。结果表明,semi-nested PCR能够扩增得到247 bp的牛特异性基因条带和214 bp的羊特异性基因条带,其对饲料中牛或羊源性成分的检测灵敏度可达到0.00001%~0.0001%,比普通PCR检测灵敏度要高出103倍;对牛或羊成分DNA的检测灵敏度可以达到10-6~10-5 ng,比普通PCR检测灵敏度要高出105倍以上。该技术具有快速、灵敏和结果稳定的特点,是检测饲料中痕量牛羊源成分的一种有效方法。 相似文献
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本研究建立了检测牛肉中疯牛病特殊风险物质(主要是中枢神经组织)标记物GFAP mRNA的荧光RT-PCR检测技术。试验结果表明:该技术具有良好的种属特异性和组织特异性,只能从牛源和羊源的中枢神经组织中检测到GFAP,猪源和禽源检测结果为阴性,而且只有脑和脊髓等中枢神经组织产生阳性反应,其他内脏组织以及不同部位牛肉检测结果均为阴性;敏感性检测结果表明,该方法最低检测限达到0.001%以下;稳定性试验结果表明,100°C 加热处理30min对检测结果无明显影响,中枢神经组织在30°C以上室温可以稳定存放4天, 在4°C可以稳定冷藏2周,检测结果仍然为阳性。该结果显示,所建立的荧光RT-PCR技术用于牛肉中疯牛病特殊风险物质的检测具有特异性强、敏感性高、稳定性好及快速方便等优点,适合于在日常检测工作中推广使用。 相似文献
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潜在有毒污染物对人体的暴露及其健康风险是当前环境研究中的一个主要问题,重金属Pb对人体具有较大毒性,为此通过对研究区菜地、稻田、果园、旱地、茶园等5种典型土地利用类型402个土壤和同步采集的作物样品的测试分析,探讨了不同土地利用方式对土壤及其种植作物Pb积累的影响。研究结果表明,不同土地利用方式下,土壤Pb积累的程度不同,菜地土壤Pb积累程度最高,果园土壤Pb积累程度最低。方差分析结果表明,菜地土壤与茶园、果园土壤之间,茶园土壤与菜地、稻田、旱地土壤之间Pb含量存在显著差异性。研究区不同土地利用方式对作物Pb积累的影响较大,水稻Pb平均含量最高,水果Pb平均含量最低。不同作物之间Pb含量也存在显著性差异,水稻Pb含量显著高于其他4种作物,水果和蔬菜Pb含量则远低于其他3种作物。利用定性风险分析技术,对不同土地利用类型下土壤Pb对人体健康的风险商值进行了计算。结果表明,不同土地类型土壤Pb对人体健康的风险商值为稻田〉菜地〉旱地〉果园,尤其是稻田和菜地土壤Pb对人体健康的风险较大,均存在土壤Pb含量对人体健康造成危害、处于不可接受的样点,居民面临较大健康风险,应采取积极措施对这两种土地利用类型下土壤Pb污染进行治理和修复。 相似文献
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添加西兰花种子水提物改善腊肉色泽和风味提高抗氧化性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了分析西兰花种子提取物(Brassica oleracea L. seed extract,BSE)的体外抗氧化能力,以及其在广式腊肉中的应用效果,该文对不同BSE添加量的应用效果进行了分析,并与添加2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)的应用效果进行了比较。基于基础配方,共制备了对照组(CT)、添加0.2% BSE组(0.2% BSE)、添加0.5% BSE组(0.5% BSE)、添加1% BSE组(1.0% BSE)、添加1.5% BSE组(1.5% BSE)和添加0.02% BHT组(BHT)6组样品。研究结果显示,BSE的体外总抗氧化能力与其在水溶液中的含量成正比;在脂质体系条件下,BSE的抑制诱导氧化作用呈现为先增加后降低的趋势,相比于1.0%添加量,添加量为1.5%时,样品的抑制诱导氧化作用明显降低(P<0.05);相比于BSE,BHT具有明显的抑制氧化作用(P<0.05);随着BSE添加量的增加,样品的硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS)值呈现为降低的趋势,BHT样品TBARS值介于1.0%BSE和1.5%BSE样品之间;各加工方案样品均具有明显的主体特征风味,添加BHT样品的主体风味与其它样品有明显差异;1.5%BSE样品具有最高的亮度值(L*)和黄度(b*),BHT样品具有最高的红度(a*);通过对挥发性风味物质的分析结果显示,挥发性成分随添加方案的不同而各有差异。综合结果显示,添加1.5% BSE广式腊肉具有较理想的色泽、氧化状态和风味物质含量,可以替代BHT使用。 相似文献
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Detection of ruminant meat and bone meals in animal feed by real-time polymerase chain reaction: result of an interlaboratory study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prado M Berben G Fumière O van Duijn G Mensinga-Kruize J Reaney S Boix A von Holst C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7495-7501
The commercialization of animal feeds infected by prions proved to be the main cause of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Therefore, feed bans were enforced, initially for ruminant feeds, and later for all feeds for farmed animals. The development and validation of analytical methods for the species-specific detection of animal proteins in animal feed has been indicated in the TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies) Roadmap (European Commission. The TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy) roadmap. URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/biosafety/bse/roadmap_en.pdf, 2005) as the main condition for lifting the extended feed ban. Methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seem to be a promising solution for this aim. The main objective of this study was to determine the applicability of four different real-time PCR methods, developed by three National expert laboratories from the European Union (EU), for the detection and identification of cattle or ruminant species in typical compound feeds, fortified with meat and bone meals (MBM) from different animal species at different concentration levels. The MBM samples utilized in this study have been treated using the sterilization condition mandatory within the European Union (steam pressure sterilization at 133 degrees C, 3 bar, and 20 min), which is an additional challenge to the PCR methods evaluated in this study. The results indicate that the three labs applying their PCR methods were able to detect 0.1% of cattle MBM, either alone or in mixtures with different materials such as fishmeal, which demonstrates the improvement made by this technique, especially when compared with results from former interlaboratory studies. 相似文献
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由于污染场地所引起的生态环境、食品安全和人体健康问题,污染场地的环境风险评价受到广泛关注。以某水源地油和苯等有机污染调查为依据,利用多介质暴露评价模型(MMSOILS模型),以苯为评价的目标污染物,分析烯烃厂不同分区的土壤苯污染对A地区造成的饮用地下水健康风险。结果表明,研究区4个分区中,裂解装置区的苯污染物释放是A地区地下水污染的主要来源,产生的饮水健康风险值为9.82×10-5,占总风险值的98.8%;而其他三个分区的影响较小;不同分区苯污染对A地区产生的饮水健康总风险值为9.94×10-5,大于美国环境保护署人体健康风险建议值10-6,对人体健康已经产生影响;裂解装置区的土壤苯污染作为饮水健康风险的主要来源,当其浓度值降低至1.32mgkg-1时,才能使其造成的饮水健康风险降低为10-6。 相似文献
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畜禽健康养殖预警体系研究与应用 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
为实现动物健康、人健康、环境健康的畜禽健康养殖目标,提出了畜禽健康养殖预警体系内容。以猪肉为例,建立了基于BP神经网络的猪肉价格预警模型并采用C#与Matlab混合编程实现了猪肉价格预警;以肉鸡为例,采用Java EE架构设计实现了肉鸡产品质量和养殖疫情预警;用C#语言设计实现了给定区域畜禽养殖自然环境承载量预警;嵌入式编程设计实现了集约化畜禽养殖环境参数预警。当猪肉价格波动幅度超过15%,肉鸡日死亡率与产品投诉率超过设定的限值,养殖数量超过自然环境理论承载量,养殖环境参数超过设定的阈值范围均会给出预警信 相似文献
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Schönenbrücher H Adhikary R Mukherjee P Casey TA Rasmussen MA Maistrovich FD Hamir AN Kehrli ME Richt JA Petrich JW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6220-6226
The removal of central nervous system (CNS) tissues as part of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) risk material is one of the highest priority tasks to avoid contamination of the human food chain with BSE. No currently available method enables the real-time detection of possible CNS tissue contamination on carcasses during slaughter. The fluorescent pigment lipofuscin is a heterogeneous, high-molecular weight material that has been shown to be enriched in high concentrations in neuronal tissues. In this study, lipofuscin fluorescence was investigated as a marker for real-time detection of CNS contamination. Front-faced fluorescence spectra of brain and spinal cord samples from 11 cattle gave identical, reproducible fluorescence signal patterns with high intensities. The specificity of these spectra was assessed by investigating 13 different non-CNS tissues enabling the differentiation of brain and spinal cord by signal intensity and structure of the spectra, respectively. Small quantities of bovine spinal cord were reliably detected in the presence of raw bovine skeletal muscle, fat, and vertebrae. The presented data are a fundamental basis for the development of a prototype device allowing real-time monitoring of CNS tissue contamination on bovine carcasses and meat cuts. 相似文献
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Cummins EJ Grace PM Fry DJ McDonnell KP Colgan SF Ward SM 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2002,8(4):365-383
The probability and severity of an adverse event can be analyzed by quantitative exposure assessment (QEA). This methodology was applied to model the human health risks associated with the combustion of specified risk material (SRM) derived meat and bone meal (MBM) in a combustion facility. The identification of MBM and SRM as significant factors in the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has resulted in restrictions on their use and movement, and this has led to a requirement for alternative end-uses for these products. A stochastic (Latin Hypercube sampling) simulation model was developed to assess the exposure and hence the risks associated with the use of SRM-derived MBM in a combustion facility. The model simulates the potential infectivity pathways that SRM-derived MBM follows, including its production from animals potentially infected with sub-clinical BSE and subsequent processing of the material with segregation and heat treatments. A failure probability was included to take account of sub-optimal operating conditions. Two scenarios, reflecting the infectivity risk in different animal tissues as defined by the European Commission's scientific steering committee (SSC), were performed with 100,000 iterations of the model. Model results showed that the societal exposure to humans resulting from the combustion of SRM-derived MBM is extremely small (mean values ranging from 7.57 x 10(-6) ID50/year to 8.38 x 10(-5) ID50/year). The resulting societal risks are significantly less than the background societal risk of approximately 2.5 cases of sporadic CJD in Ireland each year. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the species barrier had a large impact on exposure calculations and hence should be the focus of further scientific investigation to reduce our uncertainty about this parameter. The model predicts that material spillage into untreated effluent represents the biggest risk to humans, indicating that efforts for risk mitigation should be focused on reducing the potential for spillage. 相似文献