生物质炭与化肥氮配施对植烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了生物质炭配施不同用量化肥氮对烤烟根区土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。研究结果显示,添加生物质炭提高了土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量;减少15%化肥氮配施生物质炭处理(T3)显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶活性,提升了土壤新陈代谢水平。不同处理土壤微生物的碳源利用率不同,以T3处理的AWCD(平均颜色变化率)值最高,且微生物丰富度和优势度均为较高水平。主成分和热图分析表明,不同处理微生物功能差异性和优势碳源不同,其中T3处理的微生物群落功能差异性较小,优势碳源羧酸类中包含的碳源种最多。添加生物质炭可提高烟株根冠比23.06%～42.36%。因此,添加生物质炭可增强植烟土壤微生物活性,提高土壤微生物功能多样性,以减少15%化肥氮配施生物质炭效果最好。     

减肥条件下生物质炭施用对水稻田土壤细菌多样性的影响

为了研究肥料减施和水稻秸秆生物质炭添加对水稻田土壤细菌多样性的影响,采用MiSeq高通量测序分析技术,对不同施肥量(100%、90%、80%常规施肥)和添加水稻秸秆生物质炭(1%)的水稻田非根际和根际土壤进行了细菌多样性分析。结果表明,与非根际土相比,水稻根际微生物细菌多样性更加丰富。从门水平看,最主要是变形菌门,占34.85%～47.57%,添加生物质炭降低了变形菌门在非根际土中的丰度,而促进其在根际土中富集,肥料减施对变形菌门丰度的影响刚好相反,且减施肥料越多对变形菌门影响越大;酸杆菌门次之,占10.48%～19.42%,变化趋势与变形菌门相反。从属水平看,Unclassified Burkholderiaceae、Unclassified Subgroup 6、Unclassified bacterium 126等菌属在土壤中占比较高。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,优势菌群丰度与采样位置、肥料添加、生物质炭添加等环境因素存在一定的相关性。研究表明,不同减肥条件下(80%和90%)生物质炭的施用(1%)均会对土壤细菌多样性造成影响,其变化与采样位置、肥料减施量和生物质炭添加密切相关。     

生物质炭负载解钾菌对土壤酶活性与微生物群落结构的影响

为探究生物质炭负载解钾菌对土壤微生物特性的影响,基于5个处理即空白（CK）、施用化学钾肥（KCl）、接种解钾菌（KSB）、施用生物质炭（BC）、施用生物质炭负载解钾菌（BC-KSB）的黑麦草盆栽耗竭试验,分析不同处理下土壤酶和微生物群落结构的响应特征。结果表明,BC-KSB相比其余施肥处理更有利于提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,同时也提高了土壤细菌的物种多样性与菌群丰富度,并提高了土壤有益菌群（绿弯菌门、放线菌门、芽孢杆菌属和慢生根瘤菌属）的丰度,抑制了土壤致病菌群（变形菌门和罗河杆菌属）的繁殖。各施肥处理相比CK均显著提升了黑麦草干物质量,且以BC-KSB处理对黑麦草干物质量的提升最为显著。与CK和KCl相比,BC-KSB能显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、有机质、全氮和速效钾的含量（P <0.05）。冗余分析表明,土壤有机质、速效钾、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和微生物生物量氮是影响细菌群落结构的主要因子,黑麦草的生长主要受伯克氏菌属和罗河杆菌属的影响较大。可见,BC-KSB对黑麦草产量、土壤养分、土壤酶活性和细菌群落结构均产生了积极的影响,对于改良土壤生态...     

施氮和间作花生对木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响

在等量施肥条件下,木薯间作一季花生,是否具有间作优势,间作模式中木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构如何变化,相关研究报道较少。以木薯品种"华南205"、花生品种"粤油200"为试验材料,设计施氮、不施氮2个处理和等量施肥条件下的3种种植模式(木薯单作、花生单作、木薯间作花生),采用高通量测序技术,研究施氮和间作花生对木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,在等量施肥条件下,木薯-花生间作的土地当量比大于1,表现出间作优势。施氮和间作花生对木薯根际土壤细菌的多样性无显著影响。4个优势细菌门类依次为绿弯菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门。不同处理间的菌门Saccharibacteria的差异极显著,施氮显著降低了疣微菌门的相对丰度。木薯根际土壤细菌的属数量共464个。相对丰度排名前30的菌属中,不同处理间菌属Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_和Sphingomonas的差异达显著或极显著水平,施氮显著降低了菌属Subgroup_7的相对丰度,显著提高了菌属Acidothermus的相对丰度。主成分分析表明,施氮对细菌群落组成的影响大于种植模式;冗余分析得出,有机质、pH值显著影响细菌属水平群落组成。     

基于宏基因组茉莉花植株土壤细菌多样性研究

土壤微生物多样性是反映土壤质量的重要指标,本研究利用16S r RNA高通量测序技术对茉莉花(Jasminum sambac Ait)植株土壤细菌组成进行测定,分析不同月份的细菌群落结构差异,探究细菌多样性与土壤理化性质关系。研究结果表明,茉莉花植株土壤中细菌多样性丰富,包括41个门、98个纲、225个目、427个科和799个属,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是土壤样品中细菌物种丰度较高的6个门类。五个月份土壤中变形菌门均是丰度最高(22.0%~28.4%)的门类,酸杆菌门在6月份土壤中的丰度最低(11.7%),表明该月份土壤质量最好。10月份土壤样本细菌多样性指数Shannon指数最高(6.9264)、Simpson指数最小(0.002901),表明该月份土壤细菌群落多样性最高,说明低温有利于提高土壤微生物多样性。聚类和主成分分析结果表明,7、8和9月份三个月份土壤的细菌群落构成相似度高,而6月或10月与其他月份群落构成差异大。冗余分析和热图分析结果表明,土壤p H值、有机质、总氮、碱解氮、总磷、速效磷、总钾和速效钾对微生物群落组成有显著影响,其中土壤p H值、总磷和速效钾为最主要的影响因子;而且,厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门与土壤p H值、有机质、总氮、碱解氮、总磷和总钾呈正相关。本研究结果将为茉莉花的花期田间管理和土壤生态平衡保持提供理论参考。     

烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响

为探究烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响,以烟秆生物炭基肥为试验材料,通过大田试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施化肥(F)、施低量烟秆炭基肥(LBF)、施高量烟秆炭基肥(HBF) 4个处理,测定土壤pH、有机碳组分及土壤细菌群落结构和丰度,同时研究与土壤碳循环和微生物活性有关的4种酶活性变化特征,分析土壤pH、土壤有机碳组分、土壤酶和土壤细菌丰度之间关系。结果表明:1)施用烟秆炭基肥显著提高土壤pH及土壤有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量,其中MBC提升效果最明显,与常规施化肥相比提高41.09%～76.04%(P0.05)。2)施用烟秆炭基肥显著提高土壤淀粉酶、脱氢酶活性,与常规施化肥相比分别平均提高44.28%和57.54%(P0.05),而对土壤蔗糖酶影响不显著。3)施用烟秆炭基肥提高土壤细菌群落Chao1指数和Shannon指数,提高土壤细菌丰度及多样性。4)施用烟秆炭基肥影响土壤细菌群落组成结构,提高放线菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度,降低变形菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度;显著提高硝化螺旋菌属、布氏杆菌属等细菌属丰度(P0.05),降低酸土单胞菌属、泉发菌属丰度(P0.05)。5)通过RDA分析,土壤pH、碳组分、土壤酶活性和土壤细菌门群落丰度在烟秆炭基肥施用后存在一定相关关系,其中土壤pH、SOC、POC、DOC和MBC含量与土壤各种酶活性均呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),而与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P0.05)。综上,烟秆炭基肥可以提高土壤pH、增加土壤有机碳组分含量、提高土壤酶活性和土壤细菌丰度,进而改善土壤细菌群落结构,改良薏苡种植土壤,优化土壤生态。该研究可为烟秆废弃物资源化利用、土壤肥力提升提供参考依据。     

碱性植烟土壤微生物群落对深耕培肥的响应特征研究

为构建山地植烟土壤良好耕层,在保山市碱性植烟土壤区域设置随机区组大田试验,以深耕(30 cm)为主处理,不同培肥模式为副处理,于耕作前和烤烟收获后测定主要土壤理化性质,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术分析微生物多样性、种群丰度、群落结构和功能类群特征,探讨深耕培肥对碱性植烟土壤质量改善效果。多样性分析结果显示,深耕配施生物有机肥和化肥处理的微生物种群的Chao指数和Shannon指数差异性不显著,但促进了微生物尤其是真菌群落组成结构差异性增强。微生物群落组成分析结果表明,与耕作前相比,化肥处理的Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)、Mortierellomycota(被孢霉门)和Basidiomycota(担子菌门)的丰度显著增加,Actinobacteria(放线菌门)和Ascomycota(子囊菌门)种群丰度显著降低;增施生物有机肥处理的Proteobacteria和Mortierellomycota的丰度显著增加,Chloroflexi、Acidobacteria和Basidiomycota的丰度显著下降;与化肥处理相比,增施生物有机肥处理的Actinobacteria、Proteobacteri和Ascomycot种群丰度显著增加,Chloroflexi、Acidobacteria和Basidiomycot丰度显著降低。BugBase表型预测和FUNGuild功能预测结果表明,深耕配施生物有机肥和化肥处理的致病性细菌和真菌丰度显著下降,显著提高土壤微生物功能类群丰度。相关性结果表明,土壤容重和有机质是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要理化因子,深耕配施生物有机肥和化肥通过改善土壤理化性质而调节土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成,提升有益微生物种群丰度、降低病原菌丰度。     

功能菌剂与生物炭配施对沙化土壤的影响

研究生物炭和功能菌剂协同调控沙化土壤养分和微生物多样性与功能，可为沙化土壤肥力培育提供理论依据。选择毛乌素沙地典型生态经济林沙化土壤为研究对象，采用田间定位试验，运用高通量扩增测序技术，解析不同添加量(2%,4%,8%)生物炭处理及其配施定量功能菌剂(枯草芽孢杆菌+巨大芽孢杆菌+胶质芽孢杆菌)处理对土壤化学性质及细菌菌群多样性与功能的影响。结果表明：(1)与单一生物炭处理相比，生物炭+功能菌剂处理组土壤有效氮、磷养分含量分别提升44.71%和187.36%;(2)生物炭单施或者配施功能菌剂均使酸杆菌门相对丰度显著降低，而生物炭+功能菌剂处理中厚壁菌门的相对丰度，分别增加163.80%,155.15%,100.21%,并且不同程度上调土壤细菌物种丰富度和多样性；(3)功能菌剂与生物炭配施改变土壤细菌介导的碳氮循环功能，如显著提高土壤细菌的有机物质分解功能，壳聚糖和木聚糖分解过程较对照组分别上升186.54%,242.46%,增强细菌的氨化和呼吸功能，而单施生物炭处理提升细菌的反硝化与固氮功能。综上，生物炭和功能菌剂的添加提高土壤有效氮磷养分含量，显著改变土壤细菌群落多样性与群落功能，生物...     

有机无机肥料配施对植烟土壤养分及细菌群落结构的影响

为研究有机无机肥料配施对植烟土壤细菌群落结构的影响,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析了连续3年施用化肥(CF)、烟草秸秆生物有机肥配施化肥(TBF)和高碳基土壤修复肥配施化肥(HCF)对土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响,同时结合土壤理化性质探究不同施肥条件下细菌群落变化的重要影响因素。与CF处理相比,HCF处理土壤碱解氮含量显著降低了34.09%。多样性指数分析显示有机无机肥料配施有提高土壤细菌多样性的趋势,HCF处理土壤细菌多样性最高。有机无机肥料配施提高了土壤放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)细菌丰度,降低了土壤绿湾菌门(Chloroflexi)、Saccharibacteria、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、WD272和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)细菌丰度。有机无机肥料配施显著增加了土壤Patulibacter、短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、农研丝杆菌属(Niastella)等有益细菌属丰度。Spearman相关性分析和典范对应分析(CCA)表明土壤pH值、碱解氮和速效钾是影响土壤细菌群落结构的重要因子。有机无机肥料配施对植烟土壤细菌多样性和群落结构产生了深刻影响,土壤pH值、碱解氮和速效钾是调控细菌群落结构的重要影响因素,在土壤培肥中应引起充分的重视。     

基于高通量测序的两种植被恢复类型根际土壤细菌多样性研究

为研究库布齐沙地生态恢复过程中不同植被恢复类型土壤微生物细菌群落结构、多样性的变化特征,以流动沙地为对照,运用高通量测序技术,对自然恢复的油蒿群落、人工种植的中间锦鸡儿群落根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性进行了研究,并分析了土壤理化性质对其分布的影响。结果表明:(1)与流沙对照相比,两种植被恢复类型对细菌多样性产生了正效应,细菌群落丰度、多样性和均匀度明显增加。其中,自然恢复的油蒿群落土壤细菌丰度高于人工种植的中间锦鸡儿群落;(2)变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门为研究区土壤中的优势细菌类群,其中变形菌门在各样地丰度比例最高,变形菌的4个亚群变化趋势一致,α-变形菌相对含量在油蒿和中间锦鸡儿群落根际土壤中明显增加,尤其是自然恢复的油蒿群落根际土壤中α-变形菌得到了很好的恢复;(3)土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾含量和土壤含水量是影响土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性的主要土壤因子,典型相关分析表明土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾、速效氮含量对于研究区土壤细菌群落遗传多样性的变化起着重要作用。     

Taxa-specific changes in soil microbial community composition induced by pyrogenic carbon amendments

The effects of pyrogenic carbon on the microbial diversity of forest soils were examined by comparing two soil types, fire-impacted and non-impacted, that were incubated with laboratory-generated biochars. Molecular and culture-dependent analyses of the biochar-treated forest soils revealed shifts in the relative abundance and diversity of key taxa upon the addition of biochars, which were dependent on biochar and soil type. Specifically, there was an overall loss of microbial diversity in all soils treated with oak and grass-derived biochar as detected by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Although the overall diversity decreased upon biochar amendments, there were increases in specific taxa during biochar-amended incubation. DNA sequencing of these taxa revealed an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria within the phyla Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in biochar-treated soils. Together, these results reveal a pronounced impact of pyrogenic carbon on soil microbial community composition and an enrichment of key taxa within the parent soil microbial community.     

The effects of combinations of biochar,lime, and organic fertilizer on nitrification and nitrifiers

Here, we report results from a field experiment investigating the application of biochars, lime, organic fertilizer, and their combinations. Soil pH was increased by ameliorants. Wheat biochar produced the largest increase, of approximately 2 pH units, and mixed treatment (one third rice husk biochar, one third lime, and one third organic fertilizer) also caused large increases, of almost 1 pH unit. There was strong evidence that the ratio of ammonia-oxidizing archaea to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance greatly increased with decreased soil pH, indicating that soil pH was an important factor affecting the abundance of AOB. High-throughput MiSeq sequencing showed that the soil ameliorants significantly increased the relative abundances of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira. Soil pH was an important determinant of the bacterial community composition and diversity. Our study suggests that the ameliorants (biochar, lime, organic fertilizer, and their combinations) change soil nitrification by altering nitrifying bacteria abundance, diversity, and composition, caused by the changed soil pH.     

轮作与连作对烟田土壤微生物区系及多样性的影响

为探讨轮作与连作对烟田根际土壤微生物群落的影响,采用实验室微生物培养联合微生物高通量测序技术,分析了玉米-烤烟轮作和烟叶连作对烟株根际土壤微生物数量、群落结构及其多样性的影响。研究结果表明,轮作烟田根际土壤中可培养细菌和放线菌数量均高于连作烟田根际土壤,但真菌数量低于连作烟田。土壤高通量测序结果表明,轮作烟田根际土壤真菌和细菌群落多样性均高于连作烟田;在烟株的生长过程中,轮作和连作烟田在旺长期和成熟期微生物群落相似度降低。相较于黑胫病/根腐病/根结线虫发病率较高(36. 67%)的连作烟田来说,轮作烟田发病率较低(0%),进一步分析真菌和细菌群落结构发现,轮作烟田根际土壤中拮抗菌如Sphingomonas (鞘脂单胞菌属)、Pseudomonas (假单胞菌属)、Aspergillus (曲霉属)等相对丰度均高于连作烟田,而连作烟田根腐病病菌Pythium (腐霉属)丰度较高。     

Biochar effects on soil biota - A review

Soil amendment with biochar is evaluated globally as a means to improve soil fertility and to mitigate climate change. However, the effects of biochar on soil biota have received much less attention than its effects on soil chemical properties. A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins. However, no studies exist in the soil biology literature that recognize the observed large variations of biochar physico-chemical properties. This shortcoming has hampered insight into mechanisms by which biochar influences soil microorganisms, fauna and plant roots. Additional factors limiting meaningful interpretation of many datasets are the clearly demonstrated sorption properties that interfere with standard extraction procedures for soil microbial biomass or enzyme assays, and the confounding effects of varying amounts of minerals. In most studies, microbial biomass has been found to increase as a result of biochar additions, with significant changes in microbial community composition and enzyme activities that may explain biogeochemical effects of biochar on element cycles, plant pathogens, and crop growth. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms through which biochar affects microbial abundance and community composition. The effects of biochar on soil fauna are even less understood than its effects on microorganisms, apart from several notable studies on earthworms. It is clear, however, that sorption phenomena, pH and physical properties of biochars such as pore structure, surface area and mineral matter play important roles in determining how different biochars affect soil biota. Observations on microbial dynamics lead to the conclusion of a possible improved resource use due to co-location of various resources in and around biochars. Sorption and thereby inactivation of growth-inhibiting substances likely plays a role for increased abundance of soil biota. No evidence exists so far for direct negative effects of biochars on plant roots. Occasionally observed decreases in abundance of mycorrhizal fungi are likely caused by concomitant increases in nutrient availability, reducing the need for symbionts. In the short term, the release of a variety of organic molecules from fresh biochar may in some cases be responsible for increases or decreases in abundance and activity of soil biota. A road map for future biochar research must include a systematic appreciation of different biochar-types and basic manipulative experiments that unambiguously identify the interactions between biochar and soil biota.     

生物炭–过氧化钙复合颗粒对酚酸胁迫下番茄生长和根际微生态的调控效应

  【目的】  酚酸胁迫是造成番茄连作障碍的主要因素之一。本研究探讨了生物炭–过氧化钙复合颗粒(简称复合颗粒)作为土壤改良剂缓解番茄酚酸胁迫的效果和机理。  【方法】  供试番茄品种为千禧圣女果,供试土壤为赤红壤。盆栽试验共设5个处理:常规栽培(CK),酚酸胁迫处理(T1),添加外源酚酸的同时分别添加生物炭–过氧化钙复合颗粒(T2)、生物炭颗粒(T3)、过氧化钙颗粒(T4),其中土壤酚酸胁迫浓度为140 μg/g。在番茄移栽后30和120天,测定了番茄生长和生理指标。在收获期,调查果实产量与品质,分析根际土壤理化性状,并使用高通量测序技术解析番茄根际土壤中细菌和真菌的群落结构特征。  【结果】  施用复合颗粒(T2处理)能够增强番茄根系活力,促进植株生长发育;单株番茄果实产量、单果重和糖酸比分别比T1处理增加了13.8%、20.1%和52.6%。与T1处理相比,T2处理番茄收获期根际土壤中残余总酚酸含量下降了44.6%,电导体 (EC)值下降17.7%,pH提高0.77个单位,有机质含量增加77.4%。复合颗粒处理能够改善酚酸胁迫下番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构,使细菌多样性提高,真菌多样性降低,并有效恢复微生物群落的均衡性。Spearman相关性热图分析和冗余分析结果显示,番茄产量和体现品质的糖酸比与土壤残余总酚酸含量和EC值呈负相关,与pH值和有机质含量正相关。生物炭–过氧化钙复合颗粒可通过去除土壤酚酸,降低EC值,提高土壤pH和有机质含量,并介导增加与番茄果实产量和糖酸比具有正相关关系的拟杆菌门和壶菌门的相对丰度,而对与番茄产量和糖酸比呈负相关的酸杆菌门和子囊菌门起抑制作用。  【结论】  土壤残留总酚酸、pH、有机质含量、EC值是驱动番茄根际土壤微生物群落变异,及影响番茄果实产量与品质的主要环境因子。生物炭–过氧化钙复合颗粒可通过对土壤理化性状、细菌和真菌群落的双重调控作用,改善番茄根际土壤微生态环境,从而有效缓解酚酸类物质对番茄生长的化感胁迫效应,实现番茄果实产量和品质的协同提升。     

种植年限对健康三七根际土壤微生物活性和功能的影响

为研究种植年限对健康三七根际土壤微生物活性和功能的影响，以种植一年和二年的健康三七根际土为研究对象，采用荧光素二乙酸酯水解法、实时荧光定量PCR及Biolog微平板法等技术手段分析土壤微生物活性、氮素循环功能基因丰度、碳源代谢活性及其功能多样性。结果表明，与未种植过三七的土壤相比，三七种植能够显著提高土壤微生物的活性、氮素循环功能基因丰度(nifH和细菌amoA)、碳源代谢活性及其功能多样性，且随着种植年限的增加，健康三七根际微生物活性及其功能逐渐增强。同时，种植年限能够改变健康三七根际微生物的碳源利用特征；但是，根际微生物对酚酸类物质的代谢能力并未随三七种植年限的增加而增加。这也从侧面说明，根际酚酸物质降解能力的不足可能是导致其积累并驱动根际微生态失衡和形成连作障碍的重要原因。这些研究结果不仅为深入了解健康三七根际微生物活性及其代谢功能特征提供了数据支撑，也为解析三七连作障碍的形成机理提供了一定的理论依据。     

Short-term effects of biochar amendment on soil microbial community in humid tropics

Biochar is known to ameliorate soil fertility and improve crop production but information regarding soil microbiota responses on biochar amendment remains limited. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of biochars from palm kernel (pyrolysed at 400°C) and rice husk (gasified at 800°C) in a sandy loam Acrisol from Peninsular Malaysia. The soil was amended with palm kernel shell biochar (PK), rice husk biochar (RH), palm kernel biochar with fertilizer (FPK), rice husk biochar with fertilizer (FRH), fertilizer and control soil. Soil samples were taken during maize harvesting and were analysed for physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass, microbial abundance and microbial diversity. Increase in pH, moisture content, CEC, organic C, and labile C were recorded in all biochar amended soils. Microbial biomass C was 65% and 36% higher in RH and FRH, respectively, than control. Microbial biomass N was greatest in FPK and FRH with respective increment of 359% and 341% than control. β-glucosidase and xylanase activities were significantly increased in all biochar treated soils than control. A shift in microbial diversity was not detected. The biochar affects the microbial community by altering the soil environment and increasing labile active carbon sources in the short-term amendment.     

连作植烟土壤酚酸类物质变化特征及其与主要环境因子的Mantel Test分析

为明确酚酸类物质在连作植烟土壤中的变化特征,探讨土壤主要环境因子对酚酸类物质的影响,以不同连作年限（4 a,6 a,8 a,14 a和16 a）植烟土壤为对象,研究了不同连作年限植烟土壤酚酸类物质、理化性状、酶活性和细菌多样性的变化特征,并利用Mantel Test分析了酚酸类物质与土壤主要环境因子的相关性。结果表明,随连作年限增加,土壤酚酸类物质和速效钾含量升高,pH、有机质含量、细菌菌群丰度和多样性降低,水解性氮和有效磷含量呈先降低后升高趋势,酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势。Mantel Test分析表明,土壤酚酸类物质含量与理化性状、酶活性和细菌丰度显著相关,且与理化性状相关性最高;不同酚酸类物质含量与土壤主要环境因子相关性存在差异,其中,对羟基苯甲酸和阔马酸与植烟土壤理化性状、酶活性以及细菌丰度的相关性最高。因此,在本试验条件下,连作植烟土壤酚酸类物质具有明显积累特征,植烟土壤环境恶化;酚酸类物质积累受理化性状、酶活性和细菌多样性影响,且理化性状影响最大;不同酚酸类物质受主要土壤环境因子的影响存在差异,其中对羟基苯甲酸和阔马酸积累所受影响最大。     

不同栽培年限人参根际土壤细菌群落与土壤理化性质和酶活性的相关性

[目的]微生物和土壤酶是土壤微环境构建的重要部分,土壤质量与微生物功能多样性及酶活性等生物学指标密切相关,人参根际土壤的理化性质、微生物群落及酶活性对人参的产量和品质均有很大影响,研究不同栽培年限人参根际土壤细菌群落与土壤理化指标及酶活性的相关性,为人参的栽培管理提供科学依据.[方法]于人参红果期分别采集种植3、4和5...