琼胶寡糖对黄瓜抗性及啶虫脒残留的影响

为探究琼胶寡糖作为激发子对植物的影响,本研究以碧翠18号黄瓜为试验材料,在其生长过程中喷施不同浓度琼胶寡糖,测定黄瓜的生长指标、抗性相关酶活和基因表达,以及农药啶虫脒残留量。结果表明,喷施琼胶寡糖可显著促进黄瓜植株生长,提高果实产量;提高黄瓜叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性,降低丙二醛含量;并上调几丁质酶与病程相关蛋白1基因的表达,最高表达量分别为对照组的10.4倍和14.5倍。此外,喷施琼胶寡糖有效降低了啶虫脒在黄瓜上的半衰期,加速其降解。浸果试验结果也显示,琼胶寡糖可显著降低农药残留,100 μg·mL^-1琼胶寡糖溶液可减少农残68.29%。因此,琼胶寡糖具有促进黄瓜植株生长、提高抗性及减少果实农药残留的效果,在农业生产中具有良好的开发价值。     

S3307和DTA-6对大豆叶片生理活性及产量的影响

【目的】化控技术是提高作物产量的一项重要技术,研究植物生长调节剂对大豆鼓粒期至成熟期叶片生理活性及产量的影响,旨在探讨调节剂提高大豆产量的作用机理,为调节剂在农业生产上的应用提供科学依据。【方法】于2013 ~ 2014年在黑龙江八一农垦大学林甸试验基地,进行叶面喷施烯效唑(S3307)和2-N, N-二乙氨基乙醇酯(DTA-6)田间试验。试验于初花期(R1期)叶面喷施1次,设3个处理: 1)CK,喷施清水; 2)喷施DTA-6,浓度60 mg/L; 3)喷施S3307,浓度50 mg/L。大豆盛荚期(R4期),用叶绿素仪测定大豆倒3叶和倒9叶的叶绿素值;大豆鼓粒始期(R5期)开始第一次取样,以后每隔5 d 取样一次,共取样7次,测定叶片中的可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉和淀粉酶总活性。大豆成熟期测定产量。【结果】在喷植物生长调节剂后22 d,调节剂极显著增加了大豆植株不同部位,尤其是下部叶片的叶绿素含量,S3307和DTA-6处理的倒3叶叶绿素含量比CK增加9.32%、 7.02%,倒9叶叶绿素含量比CK增加11.12%、 10.38%,各处理倒3叶和倒9叶的叶绿素含量与产量及产量构成因素均达到正相关。DTA-6和S3307在喷植物生长调节剂后40、 45和50 d叶片中的可溶性糖含量均高于CK;DTA-6和S3307处理的蔗糖含量分别在喷植物生长调节剂后40~50 d和35~50 d达到了最大增加量,S3307对蔗糖积累的作用效果较好;DTA-6和S3307处理在喷植物生长调节剂后50、55和60 d叶片中的淀粉含量均高于CK;不同调节剂处理对淀粉酶总活性也产生了一定影响,喷植物生长调节剂后第45 d时,调节剂作用的淀粉酶总活性达到最大值,各处理淀粉酶活性的高低顺序为S3307、 DTA-6＞CK均与CK处理差异显著。不同调节剂处理均增加了单株荚数、粒数、粒重,S3307处理的单株荚数和粒数与CK相比,差异均达到了显著水平,DTA-6处理的各产量因素与CK相比,差异均未达到显著水平。2013年S3307和DTA-6处理的产量分别比CK增加20.74%和14.96%;2014年S3307和DTA-6处理的产量分别比CK显著增加19.33%和14.13%。【结论】初花期(R1期)叶面喷施S3307和DTA-6均显著增强了大豆叶片的生理代谢。尤其在喷施调节剂后50 d,此时恰处于籽粒灌浆期,S3307和DTA-6处理的叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量均高于CK。两调节剂均显著促进了生育后期大豆叶片的生理活性,延缓了叶片衰老,进而提高了大豆产量。     

叶面喷施几丁寡糖对辣椒的生长发育和品质的影响

以辣椒为试验材料,探究了叶面喷施不同浓度的几丁寡糖对辣椒生长发育和品质的影响。试验采用盆栽方式,设置CK(水溶肥溶液)、J-1(喷施1 mg/L几丁寡糖水溶肥溶液)、J-10(喷施10 mg/L几丁寡糖水溶肥溶液)3个试验处理。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度的几丁寡糖对辣椒的生长发育和品质产生显著的影响:(1)处理J-1和J-10能够显著提高植株的地上部鲜重和地下部的干鲜重(P0.05),株高和根冠比也有一定程度的增加,但未达到显著差异水平;(2)J-1和J-10处理的辣椒果长、果肉厚和单果重显著提高(P0.05),但果径和果形指数未表现出显著差异水平;(3)经过喷施几丁寡糖后,辣椒果实的维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白、硝酸盐含量、可溶性糖含量、游离氨基酸含量显著增加(P0.05),且处理J-10增加的幅度大于处理J-1;而类黄酮和总酚的相对含量、辣椒素含量和二氢辣椒素含量则显著减少(P0.05),处理J-10减少的幅度大于处理J-1;(4)辣椒品质的相关性分析结果表明,可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖与Vc含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01);辣椒素、二氢辣椒素与可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、Vc含量呈极显著负相关。综合以上分析:叶面喷施浓度为10 mg/L的几丁寡糖水溶肥溶液效果更为显著,能够促进辣椒果实的生长发育,提高辣椒的单果重,改善辣椒的果实品质。     

壳寡糖和油菜素甾醇处理对番茄产量和品质的影响

为了探究壳寡糖与油菜素甾醇处理对番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)果实产量、感官品质、营养品质和风味品质的影响,本试验设置4个处理：对照组(CK)、壳寡糖处理组(0.5 g·L^-1COS)、油菜素甾醇处理组(0.5 g·L^-1BR)、复合处理组(0.5 g·L^-1COS+0.5 g·L^-1BR),对开花结果期的番茄植株进行叶面喷施。结果表明,壳寡糖与油菜素甾醇复合处理可以显著提高番茄产量;促进果实着色和软化;协同促进番茄中番茄红素、总胡萝卜素和维生素C的积累,相比CK分别提高88.3%、76.3%和28.6%。此外,二者复合处理可有效提高番茄中可溶性糖(葡萄糖和果糖)的含量,并降低有机酸(苹果酸和柠檬酸)的水平,从而提高番茄糖酸比。本研究结果为设施栽培下番茄产量和品质的提升提供了理论依据。     

植物源叶面肥对西瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

采用田间试验,研究了以牛蒡提取液为溶剂、牛蒡寡糖或壳寡糖为主要成分研制的植物源叶面肥对西瓜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,与习惯施肥相比,叶面肥Ⅰ(以牛蒡寡糖为主成分)和天达2116分别使西瓜产量增加18.44%和11.27%;叶面肥Ⅰ、叶面肥Ⅱ(以壳寡糖为主成分)和天达2116分别使西瓜Vc含量增加50.19%、19.96%和50.92%,还原糖含量分别增加11.89%、3.76%和11.65%,硝酸盐含量分别降低18.91%、13.59%和13.99%;叶面肥I使西瓜皮中钾含量提高8.49%。产量方面,叶面肥Ⅰ的效果优于天达2116和叶面肥Ⅱ;就品质而言,叶面肥Ⅰ的效果与天达2116相当,优于叶面肥Ⅱ。说明在本试验条件下,叶面肥Ⅰ既能提高西瓜产量和品质,又能促进钾素向西瓜皮中运输,是适合西瓜生长的叶面肥。     

叶面过量施硒对玉米产量、硒和矿质营养元素含量的影响

为了明确过量施硒对作物生长的毒害效应,为合理施用硒肥提供依据,本研究在田间条件下探究了叶面过量施硒对糯玉米京科糯2000和普通玉米郑单958两个品种产量、硒含量和矿质营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷硒量(亚硒酸钠)≤0.2 g·L^-1时,京科糯2000植株生物量和籽粒产量与对照(不喷硒)相比持平或略有增加,未表现出毒害效应;京科糯2000在叶面喷硒量≥0.5 g·L^-1时,郑单958在叶面喷硒量≥0.1 g·L^-1时,其植株生物量和籽粒产量均明显降低;随着叶面喷硒浓度的增加,两品种玉米籽粒硒含量均逐步增加,郑单958产量和籽粒硒含量的变化幅度高于京科糯2000。叶面喷硒可显著提高玉米籽粒锌和铁的吸收量,对铜、磷、镁和钙的吸收基本无影响,但抑制硼的吸收。总体来看,过量施硒抑制2个不同品种玉米生长,造成产量下降,但可提高籽粒硒、锌和铁的营养水平。本研究对玉米微量元素营养调控具有一定的借鉴指导意义。     

含寡糖水溶肥对菠菜生长、品质和生理生化指标的影响

探讨以牛蒡提取液为溶剂,以牛蒡寡糖(水溶肥1)或壳寡糖(水溶肥2)为主成分的水溶肥在菠菜上的应用效果。采用盆栽试验,研究了水溶肥和寡糖对菠菜生长、品质、生理生化指标及地上部组织显微结构的影响。结果表明,与喷清水处理相比,市购叶面肥、水溶肥1、水溶肥2、牛蒡寡糖、壳寡糖处理的菠菜鲜重增加8.70%~16.77%;叶绿素含量增加5.18%~29.60%;硝酸盐含量降低10.82%~60.04%;草酸含量降低11.99%~67.61%;丙二醛含量降低11.94%~30.91%;氧自由基产生速率降低43.58%~72.99%。与市购叶面肥处理相比,水溶肥1处理的菠菜鲜重增加4.41%;水溶肥1、水溶肥2处理的菠菜硝酸盐和草酸含量分别降低49.03%、42.80%和11.32%、52.20%;水溶肥1处理的丙二醛含量和氧自由基产生速率分别降低4.09%和6.26%。总之,喷施水溶肥、牛蒡寡糖和壳寡糖处理均可增加菠菜生物量,提高叶绿素含量,降低硝酸盐及草酸含量,从而提高了菠菜品质。而且喷施牛蒡寡糖和壳寡糖处理的菠菜叶片丙二醛含量和氧自由基产生速率均降低,表示菠菜抗氧化能力提高,细胞膜完整性好。叶细胞排列紧密、规则,表皮整齐。综合菠菜各项指标,在本试验中水溶肥1处理的效果最好。     

叶面喷施寡糖对生菜生长和品质的调节作用

为探究不同单一寡糖和复配寡糖对作物生长发育、产量及品质的影响,选择生长周期较短的生菜品种“意大利耐抽薹”作为研究对象,以80mg·L-1的纤维寡糖（ZH-A）、低聚木糖（ZH-B）、甲壳低聚糖（ZH-C）和以上3种寡糖等质量比的复配寡糖（ZH-M）以及多糖海藻酸钠（GY-D）对定植后的生菜进行4次叶面喷施处理,以喷清水为对照（CK）。从定植后的第3天（三叶一心）开始,每隔2d连续喷施4次,至采收期（定植23d）测定生菜的生长特征（生物量、叶面积、荧光光合）、根系表型特征（根长、根表面积、根体积）以及品质特征（可溶性糖、叶绿素、Vc、硝酸盐）。结果表明：单一寡糖、复配寡糖及海藻酸钠多糖处理均能显著增加生菜生物量;纤维寡糖（ZH-A）对促进根系生长及降低硝酸盐含量具有显著效果;甲壳低聚糖（ZH-C）对叶绿素含量、最大光化学效率Fv/Fm及可溶性糖含量有显著的提高作用;复配寡糖对生菜地上部、地下部及品质的增长和提升效果明显优于单一寡糖和多糖,采收期地上部鲜重及叶面积分别增加52.58%和57.60%,根干重、总根长、总体积及总表面积分别增加35.07%、89.10%、49.23%和40.68%,可溶性糖增加25.20%,叶绿素含量增加21.50%,Vc含量提高12.08%,硝酸盐含量降低27.65%。综上可知,不同寡糖对生菜生长特征和生理性状的作用效果和调控机制具有明显差异;复配寡糖对生菜促生长和提品质的调节效果显著优于单一寡糖。     

化控对玉米带状间作大豆主茎分枝光合特性、物质积累及产量的影响

为充分挖掘化控技术对带状间作系统中大豆的增产潜力,本研究以大豆-玉米带状间作为研究对象,以南豆25为试验材料,通过在大豆4节期（V4）叶面喷施不同植物生长调节剂[抑芽丹（MH）、吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）、24-表油菜素内酯（EBR）、三碘苯甲酸（TIBA）、烯效唑（S3307）、胺鲜酯（DTA-6）]及清水（CK）,探究调节剂对大豆主茎和分枝结构上的光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量的影响。结果表明,调节剂处理提高了带状间作大豆主茎和分枝叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,EBR、S3307和DTA-6处理下大豆的叶面积指数、干物质积累量和群体产量显著高于CK。各调节剂中以DTA-6协调主茎与分枝生长关系的效果最好,该处理下盛荚期（R4）大豆主茎和分枝的干物质积累量分别较CK增加15.62%和30.24%,完熟期分枝荚果分配率最高。产量结果也表明,DTA-6处理下分枝粒数和百粒重达到最大,使大豆群体产量较CK提高26.01%～32.61%。综上,DTA-6能够改善带状间作大豆主茎和分枝叶片光合特性,促进干物质积累分配及产量形成。本研究为化控在带状间作...     

锌肥施用对马铃薯品质和产量的影响

锌是马铃薯生长必需的微量元素。本试验以马铃薯品种"天薯11号"为试材,研究了锌肥(EDTA-Zn)叶面喷施水平(0、4.5 kg·hm~(-2)、9.0 kg·hm~(-2))和拌种处理(1g (Zn SO_4·7H_2O)·kg~(-1)种薯、不拌种)及其互作对马铃薯生长发育、品质和产量的影响。结果表明:1g (Zn SO_4·7H_2O)·kg~(-1)种薯拌种的马铃薯开花期提前,成熟期推迟,延长了生育期天数;提高马铃薯单株产量、大中薯薯数和薯重比例,增加株高和主茎数,提高马铃薯干物质、淀粉、维生素C、锌含量和产量。叶面喷施锌肥4.5 kg·hm~(-2)和9.0 kg·hm~(-2)处理均可提高上述马铃薯生长发育经济特性、品质以及产量,且锌肥叶面喷施4.5 kg·hm~(-2)的效果更佳。锌肥拌种的马铃薯产量显著高于不拌种处理,拌种且叶面喷施锌肥4.5 kg·hm~(-2)时产量最高,达25 104 kg·hm~(-2),增产幅度达4.83%～19.2%,与其他处理差异显著。1g (Zn SO_4·7H_2O)·kg~(-1)(种薯)拌种、同时EDTA-Zn 4.5 kg·hm~(-2)叶面喷施,能在一定程度上促进该区马铃薯的生长发育,提高其品质和产量。     

喷施矮壮素和多效唑对紫云英生长发育及结实性状的影响

  【目的】  研究不同时期喷施矮壮素和多效唑对紫云英生长发育及结实的影响，明确有利于增产的最佳喷施时期，为提高紫云英种子产量提供有效的化控途径。  【方法】  选取紫云英品种‘信紫1号’为供试材料，分别于越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和始花后5天在叶面喷施矮壮素或多效唑 (浓度均为400 mg/kg)，以叶面喷施清水为对照。于盛花期，调查株高、茎粗、分枝数、SPAD值、单株重等生长指标，成熟期按常规考种法考察记载花数、荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率等结实性指标。  【结果】  现蕾期叶面喷施矮壮素和多效唑均可有效抑制植株株高，提高分枝数、SPAD值和单株重，多效唑喷施效果好于矮壮素。与喷清水对照相比，现蕾期喷施矮壮素的紫云英花数、荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率分别显著提高了16.32%、21.45%、15.94%、2.38个百分点和0.94个百分点，而其在越冬后期和返青期喷施却显著降低各指标；现蕾期喷施多效唑的紫云英花数、荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率分别显著提高了31.69%、43.41%、29.49%、4.76个百分点和2.14个百分点，在越冬后期喷施显著降低花数和荚果结实率。矮壮素和多效唑均在现蕾期喷施的种子产量最高，两者较对照分别增产15.95%和29.88%。  【结论】  在紫云英现蕾期，叶面喷施植物延缓剂多效唑和矮壮素，均可显著促进花期花荚发育，减少花荚脱落，促进花荚结实成粒，最终获得较高的种子产量，多效唑效果好于矮壮素。     

牛蒡提取物对菠菜生长及品质的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了牛蒡粗提液、牛蒡寡糖两种牛蒡提取物对菠菜生长及品质的影响。结果表明,喷施牛蒡粗提液和牛蒡寡糖均可增加菠菜鲜重,分别比清水处理的高38.3%、24.7%;同时,提高菠菜Vc、总糖含量,降低菠菜体内硝酸盐、草酸含量。说明牛蒡粗提液和牛蒡寡糖不仅能促进菠菜生长,而且能改善菠菜品质。牛蒡粗提液和牛蒡寡糖相比,牛蒡粗提液的效果优于牛蒡寡糖,而且牛蒡粗提液的成本约为牛蒡寡糖的1/10～1/15。因此,从使用效果及经济效益考虑,牛蒡粗提液的应用前景更佳。     

壳聚糖对NaCl胁迫下菜用大豆结瘤固氮的影响

【目的】研究壳聚糖对盐胁迫抑制菜用大豆结瘤固氮的缓解效应,为进一步探讨壳聚糖抗逆机理提供新的线索。【方法】以蛭石为基质,以菜用大豆‘特早王’–根瘤菌共生体系为研究对象,采用人工气候箱培养,研究NaCl胁迫下壳聚糖对菜用大豆根瘤形成、生物固氮的影响。菌种为与‘特早王’共生匹配性较好的快生根瘤菌N18。接种后的植株进行如下4个处理:1)叶面喷施清水,根部浇灌无氮营养液(CK);2)叶面喷施壳聚糖水溶液,根部浇灌无氮营养液(CTS);3)叶面喷施清水,根部浇灌溶有NaCl的无氮营养液(Cl);4)叶面喷施壳聚糖水溶液,根部浇灌溶有NaCl的无氮营养液(CTS+Cl)。上述各处理施用的水或水溶液均为无菌水配制,NaCl处理的浓度为50 mol/L,CTS处理的适宜浓度为200 mg/L。接种30天后,将大豆植株取出,用清水将根部蛭石冲洗干净后,立即测定根瘤固氮酶活性、根瘤数及根瘤鲜重,然后测定根瘤豆血红蛋白含量和根系活力,最后测植株干重和全氮量。【结果】氯化钠胁迫下,植株干重显著下降,与CK相比降幅达49%,喷施壳聚糖后(CTS+Cl),降低幅度显著减小,但依然显著低于CK (P <0.05)。无盐条件下,与CK相比,壳聚糖处理(CTS)增加植株干重的效果不明显。喷施壳聚糖显著增加了菜用大豆的根瘤数、根瘤鲜重、植株含氮量、根系活力、豆血红蛋白含量及固氮酶活性(P <0.05)。NaCl胁迫显著抑制了菜用大豆的结瘤固氮作用,其中根瘤数、根瘤鲜重分别较CK下降了79%、90%,而壳聚糖处理(CTS+Cl)使菜用大豆在盐逆境下的结瘤数、根瘤鲜重、植株全氮含量、根系活力、豆血红蛋白含量及固氮酶活性等均显著回升,增幅分别达对照的29%、20%、17%、48%、19%、21%,但均显著低于CK。【结论】非NaCl胁迫下,喷施壳聚糖可以显著促进菜用大豆结瘤,提高豆血红蛋白含量及固氮酶活性,最终增加植株含氮量。在NaCl胁迫下,外源壳聚糖可以显著缓解氯化钠胁迫导致的对根系活力和结瘤固氮的影响。因此,叶面喷施壳聚糖是促进菜用大豆结瘤固氮和生长的有效措施。     

Response of soybean to foliar‐applied boron and magnesium and soil‐applied boron 1

Annual plants may partition carbon (C) preferentially to reproductive structures slowing root elongation and subsequent nutrient uptake. Although foliar applications of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) supplement uptake by roots, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield increases have not been found in most studies. Experiments were designed to determine if foliar applications of boron (B), magnesium (Mg), or B+Mg would increase soybean yield and if soybean would respond to B applied to the soil several weeks prior to planting. Foliar B or Mg applied separately four times during reproductive growth did not affect soybean yield. However, four foliar applications of B+Mg increased soybean yield 12% at Mt. Vernon and 4% at Columbia over a three‐year period. Two foliar applications of B+Mg during the late reproductive stages increased soybean yield 8% over a two‐year period. The yield increase from foliar B+Mg treatment resulted from an increased number of pods on the main stem (18%) and branches (44%). A 2.8 kg/ha B application to soil eight weeks prior to planting increased soybean yield 11% during the first year and 13% the second year but had no effect on soybean yield by the third year after application. When results from the first two years were combined, 2.8 kg/ha B applied to soil increased the number of pods per branch by 17% and the number of branch pods per plant by 39%. Foliar applications of B+Mg increased soybean yield in four of six site‐years in the three‐year experiments at two locations.     

Effect of Soil Fertilizer,Foliar Fertilizer,and Growth Regulator Application on Milk Thistle Development,Seed Yield,and Silymarin Content

Abstract

An important consideration for milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) cultivation is regulating development to lengthen the reproductive stage and increase seed yield with high silymarin content. The treatment of milk thistle with foliar fertilizers and growth regulators—thidiazuron (Dropp^®), 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid (Tiba^®), mepiquat chloride (Pix^®), and prohexadione‐Ca (Regalis^®)—resulted in an increase in the proportion of mature flower heads. Highest seed yield was observed in plants treated with Pix^® and mineral soil fertilization, whereas in plants treated with foliar fertilizers, highest yields were observed with Pix^® and Regalis^®. The highest content of silymarin was found in plants treated with Dropp^® and foliar fertilizer. Generally, treatment of milk thistle with plant‐growth regulators in combination with soil or foliar mineral fertilizers increased the total amount of silymarin by increasing seed yield per hectare.     

Foliar application of molybdenum in common bean. II. Nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities in a soil of low fertility

Foliar application of molybdenum (Mo) at 40 g ha^‐1 25 days after plant emergence greatly enhanced nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), resulting in an increase in total nitrogen (N) accumulation in shoots. Application of 20 kg N ha^‐1 as ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄] at sowing decreased nodulation and nitrogenase activity. Rhizobium inoculation did not affect nitrogenase activity which demonstrated that Mo application increased the efficiency of native Rhizobia strains. Nitrogen amendment, either at planting (20 kg N ha^‐1) or as a side dressing (30 kg N ha^‐1) 25 days after plant emergence, did not affect the foliar nitrate reductase activity. Molybdenum foliar spray as ammonium molybdate [(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄2H₂O] and N applied as a side dressing increased equally the total amount of N in the pods. A 10% increase in the seed N concentration was obtained with foliar application of Mo, while N applied as a side dressing had no effect on seed N concentration. An average increase of 41% in N export to the seeds was obtained by either Mo or N as side dressing. Nitrogen applied at sowing or Rhizobia inoculation had no effect on the characteristics evaluated 74 days after plant emergence. Plants that received either Mo as foliar spray or as side dressed N had similar yields. This demonstrated that, in certain soils, N fertilization may be replaced by a small amount of Mo as a foliar application.     

Effect of organic foliar spray with pulse sprout extract on seed yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

Organic seed is the basic for organic agriculture, since it is a crucial link in the chain from research, breeding, seed production, to organic production. With organic seeds the grower can complete the chain of organic input. To develop an organic foliar spray technique and for organic seed production, experiments were carried out to study the effect of organic foliar spray with pulse sprout extract on rice. In this study, horse gram and cowpea, the unexploited legumes of the tropics with high nutritional quality and comparatively low cost were used for preparing the pulse sprout extracts, an organic foliar spraying material. Higher accumulation of bioactive substances in sprouted seeds offers immense scope to develop an inexpensive and effective organic foliar spray technology so as to achieve better crop growth and higher seed yield of rice, the major staple food of the world. The biochemical analysis was done in both extracts to estimate the total antioxidants activity, soluble protein content, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid content and minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc. Subsequently, the effect of pulse sprout extract spray in improving crop growth, tillering, productivity, and resultant seed quality of was studied by spraying on the parental lines of rice hybrid CORH3 (A, B and R lines) and rice variety CR 1009. The experiment consisted of four trials. In the first trial, four concentrations of pulse extract (1, 2, 3, and 4%) were evaluated in the R line (medium duration variety) of CORH3 (medium duration). In the subsequent trials, the best concentrations (2 and 3% for horse gram and 1 and 2% for cowpea), determined from the first trial, were evaluated again in two medium duration lines of B line multiplication (AXB) and hybrid seed production (AxR). The fourth trial was done with a long duration variety namely CR 1009. Spraying of pulse sprout extract significantly improved majority of the growth and yield attributes culminating in significantly higher seed yield, in all the four trials. The study firmly revealed foliar sprays with either 3% horse gram sprout extracts or 2% cow pea sprout extract during active tillering and seed filling stages of rice crop, can significantly increase the growth and yield attributes, eventually resulting in higher seed yield, irrespective of the cultivars. It could be concluded that foliar spraying of 3% horse gram sprout extract or 2% cow pea sprout extract at active tillering stage and seed filling enhances seed yield attributes and yield in rice.     

植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期光合特性及氮代谢的影响

为探讨植物生长调节剂对赤豆(Vigna angularis)鼓粒期叶片光合特性及氮代谢的影响,进一步挖掘调节剂增产的作用机理,于2018和2019年进行田间试验,以龙垦2号赤豆为试验材料,在初花期叶面喷施浓度均为50 mg·L^-1的促进型调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)和延缓型调节剂烯效唑(S3307),以喷施清水为对照(CK),研究植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期植株形态、光合参数、氮代谢相关指标以及产量的调控效应。结果表明,DTA-6和S3307增加了赤豆鼓粒期的单株干物质积累量。DTA-6处理的叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、蒸腾速率均优于S3307处理,DTA-6显著提高了可溶性糖含量,同时增加了赤豆株高;而S3307处理的叶片净光合速率显著高于DTA-6。两调节剂处理的叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性也显著提高,施用S3307显著提高了叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,且对GDH活性的促进效果显著高于DTA-6处理。两调节剂均提高了赤豆叶片硝态氮含量和氮素积累量。DTA-6和S3307可不同程度地调控赤豆的产量构成因素,S3307主要促进花荚数增多,DTA-6主要提高单株粒数和单株粒重。综上,DTA-6和S3307通过提高赤豆鼓粒期叶片光合作用水平,可有效调控叶片氮代谢能力,进而促进赤豆的生长发育,显著提高产量。本研究结果为化控技术在农业生产上的推广应用提供了科学依据。