下拉秀剖面胡敏素组分特征

采用腐殖质组成修改法和Pallo修改法相结合的方法对下拉秀剖面的胡敏素(HM)进行了分组研究,把铁结合胡敏素(HMi)、黏粒结合胡敏素(HMc)和不溶性胡敏素(HMr)定义为胡敏素组成,同时把HMi/HMc和(HMi+HMc)/HM作为胡敏素的表征指标,研究了不同层位的胡敏素组成.结果表明:不同层位胡敏素组分含量、HMi/HMc、(HMi+ HMc)/HM、E4/E6、△lgK各不相同;多数层位HMr的含量高,HMr的最高值和最低值分别出现在剖面的上下两端;(HMi+ HMc)/HM在(0.20±0.05)～(0.60±0.03)的范围内波动,多数层位可溶性胡敏素组分低于不溶性组分;HMi/HMc在(5.42±0.34～0.46±0.03)的范围内波动,且幅度大,有5个层位＞1;除O层外,剖面各层位的E4/E6总是表现为HMc＞ HMi,但△lgK的变化情形较为复杂,并不总是表现为HMc＞ HMi;现代生草层HMi、HMc的结构较其他层位简单.     

土壤胡敏素各组分数量及结构特征初步研究

土壤胡敏素（HM）是与矿物质紧密结合的腐殖物质，具有碱不溶性及大分子结构的特性，并呈现不均一性，被认为是土壤中的惰性物质。由于HM的非溶解性和结构复杂性，目前国内外学者对于HM结构特征的研究还很少。对加入大量有机物料培养后新形成的HM数量及性质的研究尚未见报道。本研究选用风沙土、草甸土、黑土、黑土底土加玉米秸秆培养土为材料，根据Pallo分组法，将土壤HM分为铁结合胡敏素（HMi）、粘粒结合胡敏素（HMc）和不溶性胡敏素（HMr）三个组分；对自然土壤中HM各组分以及加入玉米秸秆后新形成的HM各组分的数量及结构特征进行初步研究，为丰富腐殖质化学提供基础性资料。实验结果表明：在自然土壤HM各组分中以HMr为主，其次是HMi，含量最少的是HMc。通过HMi和HMc的光学性质比较得出HMi的分子结构较简单，HMc分子结构相对较复杂，加玉米秸秆培养后新形成的HMi、HMc的分子结构比自然土壤中的简单。红外光谱结果表明，与自然土壤相比加玉米秸秆培养后新形成的HMi、HMc的脂族性最强，自然土壤中HMi、HMc的脂族性强弱顺序为：风沙土〉黑土〉草甸土。     

黑土底土加入大比例玉米秸秆后胡敏素组分的变化

以往主要注重加入常量有机物料对土壤腐殖物质中的胡敏酸（HA）、富里酸（FA）影响的研究,而对于添加大比例有机物料及其对胡敏素（HM）各组分影响的研究较少,特别是关于添加大比例有机物料后腐殖物质中胡敏素（HM）各组分的动态变化研究尚未见报道。因此为更好地发挥土壤固碳潜力、提高土壤和环境质量,本文运用Pallo修改法将土壤HM分为铁结合胡敏素（HMi）、粘粒结合胡敏素（HMc）和不溶性胡敏素（HMr）3个组分,对加入大比例玉米秸秆后黑土底土各胡敏素组分数量和性质的变化进行了研究,结果表明：在HM中HMi/HMc随着土/秸比的增加而增加,高土/秸比有利于HMi的形成和积累,而低土/秸比有利于HMc的形成和积累;随着培养时间的延长HMi和HMc的ΔlogK值降低,分子向复杂化方向发展,且随着土/秸比的增加而减少,分子复杂程度增加;高土/秸比更有利于HMi活性的提高和脂肪族结构的增加,而低土/秸比更有利于HMc活性提高和脂肪族结构的增加。     

土壤腐殖质分组研究

采用Pallo法对两种耕地土壤腐殖质进行分组,初步研究了各组分的数量和结构特征。结果表明:焦磷酸钠提取的胡敏酸(HAp)是胡敏酸(HA)的主要组分;游离富里酸(FAf)是富里酸(FA)的主要组分;胡敏素(HM)的主要组分为非溶解性胡敏素(ISHM),而溶解性胡敏素(SHM)含量较低。通常随土层深度增加,HA、HM各组分的绝对数量和相对数量都下降;FA各组分的绝对数量也下降,而相对数量增加;HA/FA比值下降。一般来看,焦磷酸钠提取的富里酸(FAp)、氢氧化钠提取的富里酸(FAs)比相应的HAp、氢氧化钠提取的胡敏酸(HAs)的分子结构简单,铁结合胡敏素(HMi)比粘粒结合胡敏素(HMc)的分子结构简单;随土层深度增加,HAp、HAs的分子结构变简单,而HMi、HMc的分子结构变复杂。     

横断山脉纵谷区不同林型土壤胡敏素组分特征

为了解不同林型对土壤胡敏素组分的影响,以横断山脉纵谷区5种林型下暗棕壤为研究对象,采用腐殖质组成修改法和Pallo修改法相结合的方法对其腐殖质组成进行了分析。结果表明:(1) 5种不同林型中丽江云杉林腐殖酸含量显著高于其他4种林型,不同林型土壤HA/FA表现为大果红杉林川滇高山栎林丽江云杉林白桦林丽江铁杉林;(2) 5种不同林型土壤胡敏素组分中不溶性胡敏素占绝大部分,丽江云杉林土壤胡敏素各组分含量最高;(3) 5种不同林型土壤Ah层HMi与HMc的分子结构较其他土层复杂,除川滇高山栎林的C层外,各林型土层ΔlgK皆表现为HMcHMi,但E4/E6变化规律并不总是表现为HMcHMi,其中HMc的分子结构在川滇高山栎林的C层最为复杂,而HMi的分子结构在丽江云杉林的Ah层最为复杂。因此,大果红杉林相对于其他林型土壤腐殖质品质较好,丽江云杉林更有利于土壤碳的积累。该研究结果以期为优化该区森林结构,提高森林系统固碳能力提供参考。     

栗钙土的年龄

在阐明粟钙土发生特性的基础上,本文运用放射性碳方法断定了玄武岩熔岩台地上栗钙土有机质和腐殖质组成中胡敏酸、胡敏素的年龄.结果表明,我国栗钙土与其它国家的软土系同一时期的产物,它们形成于大约6000年以前.栗钙土有机质诸部分的年龄序列是:胡敏酸>胡敏素>土壤有机质.     

北方典型水稻土有机质及其组分演变特征

【目的】探究我国北方淹育型水稻土在开垦耕种过程中土壤有机质及其组分的演变特征,为提高水稻土有机质的品质、合理利用水稻土及提高其生产潜力、建设高产稳产稻田提供理论依据和数据支撑。【方法】本研究以辽宁省各地棕壤和草甸土上发育的不同开垦年限淹育型水稻土为研究对象,通过野外调查、田间定点试验及室内测试分析等手段,研究了开垦年限对水稻土有机质含量与组成及其腐殖质特性的影响。【结果】水稻土耕层有机质总量 (SOM) 随开垦年限的增加维持在18.60～26.30 g/kg之间,与开垦年限无显著相关关系 (P > 0.05),但易氧化有机质含量占有机质总量的比例 (ROM/SOM) 均在50%以上,并且随水稻土开垦年限增加而下降,降幅为18%～20%;有机质氧化稳定系数 (Kos) 均在1.2以下,随着水稻土开垦年限增加呈上升趋势,增幅为52%～57%,胡富比 (HA/FA) 及胡敏酸相对色度 (RF) 随开垦年限增加而增大,但胡敏酸活化度 (AD) 和土壤腐殖质的松/紧 (LCH/TCH) 明显下降。【结论】北方水稻土随着开垦年限的增加,土壤中的有机质稳定性增加,活性降低,耕层土壤对养分的供、贮能力减弱,土壤肥力水平下降,限制了北方水稻土生产潜力的发挥,应通过耕作管理和有机无机肥料配施来防止或减缓水稻土肥力的下降。     

吉林省农田耕层土壤pH的时空变化特征

本研究通过分析2005~2013年测土配方施肥项目在吉林省采集的大量土壤样品,明确了不同地区农田耕层土壤pH的空间变异特征,并与第二次土壤普查数据对比探讨了土壤pH的变化趋势。结果表明,目前吉林省农田耕层土壤pH分布在3.8~9.1之间,平均值为6.5。不同类型农田土壤pH的高低顺序为:黑钙土风沙土草甸土黑土白浆土≈暗棕壤水稻土。空间上,吉林省农田耕层土壤呈现自西向东逐渐降低的分布特征,以西部白城市的通榆县最高而东部延边朝鲜族自治州的汪清县最低。时间上,与第二次土壤普相比,吉林省各种土类的pH存在共性的土壤酸化趋势。不同土类间pH的降幅存在较大差异,代表性的黑土下降约0.5个单位,酸化程度较大的草甸土和水稻分别下降了1.4和1.6个单位,而酸化程度较小的白浆土下降了0.1个单位。吉林省农业生产中应控制化肥用量,调整肥料品种,合理增施有机肥,大力推广秸秆还田,从而缓解土壤酸化趋势,改善土壤肥力。     

土壤剖面不同粒级中氨基酸组成特征

本文研究了黑钙土，暗棕壤和红壤性水稻土剖面不同粒级中的氨基酸组成。结果表明，水解液中氨基酸含量均以粘粒为最高，其次为粉粒，而砂粒中最低。各级粒中的氨基酸含量均随粒径增大而降低。它们有相似的氨基酸组成。组成中均以甘氨酸，天冬氨酸，谷到，丙氨酸，亮氨酸和异亮氨酸等的相对含量较高。     

淮南煤矿复垦区土壤腐殖质特征及其与重金属的关系

选择淮南典型煤矿复垦区不同土地利用方式下（菜地、玉米—小麦地、林地和荒地）的土壤作为研究对象,运用单因素方差分析和内梅罗综合污染指数调查了其腐殖质组成特征与重金属污染状况并探究两者间关系,为修复矿区复垦土壤提供依据。结果表明:土壤腐殖质含量、腐殖化程度和稳定性依菜地 > 玉米—小麦地 > 林地 > 荒地的次序从最佳向最差过渡。不同土地利用方式下土壤胡敏素（HM）的组成不同,HM各组分有机碳含量为HMr > HMi > HMc;且施用有机肥土壤较不施肥土壤中HM各组分的含量明显增加。复垦区土壤中Cu和Cd含量均高于土壤背景值,Zn含量低于土壤背景值,土壤处于轻度污染状态。施用有机肥提高复垦土壤肥力的同时,需控制有机肥中重金属含量,以降低土壤重金属污染风险。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.