Genetic dissection of wheat uppermost-internode diameter and its association with agronomic traits in five recombinant inbred line populations at various field environments

Uppermost-internode diameter (UID) is a key morphological trait associated with spike development and yield potential in wheat. Our understanding of its genetic basis remains largely unknown. Here, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for UID with high-density genetic maps were identified in five wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. In total, 25 QTLs for UID were detected in five RIL populations, and they were located on chromosomes 1A, 1D (3 QTL), 2B (2), 2D (3), 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B (3), 4D, 5A (5), 5B (2), 6B, and 7D. Of them, five major and stable QTLs (QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1, QUid.sau-2SY-1D, QUid.sau-QZ-2D, QUid.sau-SC-3D, and QUid.sau-AS-4B) were identified from each of the five RIL populations in multiple environments. QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1, QUid.sau-2SY-1D and QUid.sau-SC-3D are novel QTLs. Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers tightly linked to them were further investigated for developing near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying the major loci. Furthermore, candidate genes at these intervals harboring major and stable QTLs were predicted, and they were associated with plant development and water transportation in most cases. Comparison of physical locations of the identified QTL on the ‘Chinese Spring’ reference genome showed that several QTLs including two major ones, QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1 and QUid.sau-2SY-1D, are likely allelic confirming their validity and effectiveness. The significant relationships detected between UID and other agronomic traits and a proper UID were discussed. Collectively, our results dissected the underlying genetic basis for UID in wheat and laid a foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of these QTLs.     

基于55K SNP芯片的普通小麦穗长非条件和条件QTL分析

[目的]进一步挖掘小麦穗长具有利用价值的数量遗传位点(QTL),同时深入探究穗长与其他重要农艺性状之间的遗传关系,为精细定位和分子辅助选择育种奠定基础.[方法]以20828为母本、SY95-71为父本,构建126份F7代重组自交系群体.将亲本及其重组自交系分别于2016-2017年和2017-2018年生长季种植在中国...     

Identification of genetic loci for grain yield-related traits in the wheat population Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22

The identification of stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield-related traits and tightly linked molecular markers is important for improving wheat grain yield. In the present study, six yield-related traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22 cross were phenotyped in five environments. The parents and 262 RILs were genotyped using the wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A high-density genetic map was constructed with 1 501 non-redundant bin markers, spanning 2 384.95 cM. Fifty-three QTLs for six yield-related traits were mapped on chromosomes 1D (2), 2A (9), 2B (6), 2D, 3A (2), 3B (2), 4A (5), 4D, 5B (8), 5D (2), 7A (7), 7B (3) and 7D (5), which explained 2.7–25.5% of the phenotypic variances. Among the 53 QTLs, 23 were detected in at least three environments, including seven for thousand-kernel weight (TKW), four for kernel length (KL), four for kernel width (KW), three for average grain filling rate (GFR), one for kernel number per spike (KNS) and four for plant height (PH). The stable QTLs QKl.caas-2A.1, QKl.caas-7D, QKw.caas-7D, QGfr.caas-2B.1, QGfr.caas-4A, QGfr.caas-7A and QPh.caas-2A.1 are likely to be new loci. Six QTL-rich regions on 2A, 2B, 4A, 5B, 7A and 7D, showed pleiotropic effects on various yield traits. TaSus2-2B and WAPO-A1 are potential candidate genes for the pleiotropic regions on 2B and 7A, respectively. The pleiotropic QTL on 7D for TKW, KL, KW and PH was verified in a natural population. The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the genetic basis underlying yield-related traits and provide molecular markers for high-yield wheat breeding.     

小麦单位面积穗数和粒长主效QTL紧密连锁KASP标记的开发及其效应评价

【目的】小麦单位面积穗数和籽粒粒长是小麦产量相关的重要农艺性状,对其进行遗传改良有利于提高小麦的产量。通过对前期QTL定位鉴定到的提高单位面积穗数的主效QTL位点QSn.sau-2D.2和提高籽粒粒长的主效QTL位点QKl.sau-3D.2开发相应的KASP分子标记,并在川农18和T1208构建的RILs群体中进行验证及评价,为更好地利用这两个QTL以及分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。【方法】利用前期在川农18和T1208构建的高代自交群体中鉴定到的控制小麦单位面积穗数主效QTL位点QSn.sau-2D.2和控制籽粒粒长主效QTL位点QKl.sau-3D.2,结合在这两个QTL区间内的55K SNP分子标记序列,开发设计KASP分子标记,并在亲本间筛选具有多态性的KASP分子标记。将筛选到的KASP分子标记在川农18×T1208的RILs群体中分别进行基因分型和鉴定相应表型性状的高低,并分析这两个主效QTL对于其他农艺性状的影响。【结果】KASP-AX-111151907和KASP-AX-109962767在亲本中具有多态性,KASP-AX-111151907和KASP-AX-109962767在群体中的验证表明这两个分子标记分别与QSn.sau-2D.2和QKl.sau-3D.2连锁。KASP-AX-111151907和KASP-AX-10996276能将群体材料的基因型分为2类,按照表型划分,在3年试验中,KASP-AX-111151907对多穗材料的平均选择率均达到72.58%,对少穗材料的平均选择率达到71.68%;KASP-AX-10996276对长粒材料的平均选择率达到69.86%,对短粒基因型的平均选择率可达61.52%,表明这两个标记的可靠性。基于KASP分子标记的基因分型结果表明,这两个QTL对于株高、千粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒径比、单位面积穗数、穗粒重均具有显著性影响。在川农17×川农11的RILs群体中进行验证也表明这两个分子标记对相应性状的选择具有一定的作用。【结论】针对单位面积穗数主效QTL位点QSn.sau-2D.2和籽粒粒长主效QTL位点QKl.sau-3D.2分别开发了1对与之连锁的KASP分子标记,可用于相应性状的选择,与KASP标记连锁的QTL分别能显著提高单位面积穗数和籽粒粒长。QSn.sau-2D.2对株高、千粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒径比、穗粒重是负向影响,QKl.sau-3D.2对株高、千粒重、粒宽、粒径比和穗粒重是正向影响,但对单位面积穗数是负向影响,这两个QTL及开发的KASP标记可应用于小麦高产育种中。     

Identification and validation of novel loci associated with wheat quality through a genome-wide association study

Understanding the genetic basis of quality-related traits contributes to the improvement of grain protein concentration (GPC), grain starch concentration (GSC), and wet gluten concentration (WGC) in wheat. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on a mixed linear model (MLM) was performed on 236 wheat accessions, including 160 cultivars and 76 landraces, using a 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in multiple environments. A total of 12 stable QTL/SNPs that control different quality traits in this populations in at least two environments under stripe rust stress were identified. Among these 12, three, seven and two QTLs associated with GPC, GSC and WGC were characterized, respectively, and they were located on chromosomes (chr) 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5D, and 7D with the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 4.2 to 10.7%. Compared with the previously reported QTLs/genes, five QTLs (QGsc.sicau-1BL, QGsc.sicau-1DS, QGsc.sicau-2DL.1, QGsc.sicau-2DL.2, and QWgc.sicau-5DL) were potentially novel. KASP markers for the SNPs AX-108770574 and AX-108791420 on chr5D associated with wet gluten concentration were successfully developed. The phenotypes of the cultivars containing the A-allele in AX-108770574 and the T-allele in AX-108791420 were extremely significantly (P<0.01) higher than those of the landraces containing the G- or C-allele with respect to the wet gluten concentration in each of the environments. The KASP markers developed and validated in this study could be utilized in molecular breeding aimed at improving the quality of wheat.     

QTL Mapping for Dough Mixing Characteristics in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Waxy × Strong Gluten Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Protein and starch are the most important traits in determining processing quality in wheat. In order to understand the genetic basis of the influence of Waxy protein (Wx) and high molecular weight gluten subunit (HMW-GS) on processing quality, 256 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of waxy wheat Nuomai 1 and Gaocheng 8901 were used as mapping population. DArT (diversity arrays technology), SSR (simple sequence repeat), HMW-GS, and Wx markers were used to construct the molecular genetic linkage map. QTLs for mixing peak time (MPT), mixing peak value (MPV), mixing peak width (MPW), and mixing peak integral (MPI) of Mixograph parameters were evaluated in three different environments. The genetic map comprised 498 markers, including 479 DArT, 14 SSR, 2 HMW-GS, and 3 Wx protein markers, covering 4 229.7 cM with an average distance of 9.77 cM. These markers were identified on 21 chromosomes. Eighteen additive QTLs were detected in three different environments, which were distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 4A, 6A, and 7D. QMPT-1D.1 and QMPT-1D.2 were close to the Glu-D1 marker accounting for 35.2, 22.22 and 36.57% of the phenotypic variance in three environments, respectively. QMPV-1D and QMPV-4A were detected in all environments, and QMPV-4A was the nearest to Wx-B1. One minor QTL, QMPI-1A, was detected under three environments with the genetic distances of 0.9 cM from the nearest marker Glu-A1, explaining from 5.31 to 6.67% of the phenotypic variance. Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D and 4A. Therefore, this genetic map is very important and useful for quality trait related QTL mapping in wheat. In addition, the finding of several major QTLs, based on the genetic analyses, further suggested the importance of Glu-1 loci on dough mixing characteristics.     

Genetic analysis of adult plant,quantitative resistance to stripe rust in wheat landrace Wudubaijian in multi-environment trials

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases on wheat worldwide. Wudubaijian, a wheat landrace released from Gansu Province in China since 1950, exhibits adult-plant resistance to stripe rust for several decades. To elucidate the genetic basis of stripe rust resistance, Wudubaijian was crossed with the high susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and stripe rust tests of both parents and the F_2:3 lines were conducted in four environments of Yangling and Tianshui in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) of Mingxian 169/Wudubaijian F_2:3 lines showed that the resistance of Wudubaijian was controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL). Combined with phenotypic data and molecular markers, two stable QTLs were identified in Wudubaijian. QYrwdbj.nwafu-5A with the phenotypic variance of 15.02–40.26% was located between 5AS1–0.40–0.75 and 5AS3–0.75–0.98 of chromosome 5AS, and QYrwdbj.nwafu-2B.1 with the phenotypic variance of 9.54–10.40% was located in the bin C-2BS1–0.53 of chromosome 2BS. Through the location of flanking markers and epistasis analysis, QYrwdbj.nwafu-5A may be a new major QTL that can be used in conjunction with other stripe rust resistance genes (QTLs).     

基于四交群体的玉米叶夹角和叶向值QTL定位分析

选育耐密紧凑株型是增加玉米单位面积产量的重要途径之一,而叶夹角和叶向值是衡量株型的重要参数。本研究选用叶夹角和叶向值存在差异的玉米自交系郑58、PH6WC、87-1和自330构建1个四交(郑58/豫87-1//PH6WC/自330)组合,以228个四交F1单株为作图群体,构建了1张含225个SSR位点,全长1 387.2cM的玉米分子标记遗传连锁图谱,标记间平均间距为6.19cM。基于四交群体应用区间作图法检测4个环境下的QTL,共检测到13个叶夹角相关QTL,分别位于第1、2、3、4、5、7和10染色体上,单个QTL可解释5.1%~20.0%的表型变异;检测到15个叶向值相关QTL,分别位于第1、2、4、5、7、8和9染色体上,单个QTL可解释5.4%~20.1%的表型变异。其中qLA-E2-2和qLA-E4-2落在同一标记区间umc1692-umc2297(bin 5.03),分别解释16.6%和13.2%的表型变异;qLO-E1-1、qLO-E3-2和qLA-E4-1落在同一标记区间umc1568-bnlg1953(bin1.02),分别解释10.1%、19.9%和12.3%的表型变异;qLO-E2-1和qLO-E3-1落在同一标记区间phi056-phi427913(bin 1.01),分别解释13.8%和10.0%的表型变异。这些多个环境共同检测到的QTL将为玉米耐密理想株型育种中叶夹角叶向值的分子标记辅助选择提供有益信息,加速耐密株型玉米品种的选育。     

Identification of QTL for adult plant resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat line C33

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a serious disease in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.). Identification and use of adult plant resistance(APR) resources are important for stripe rust resistance breeding. Bread wheat line C33 is an exotic germplasm that has shown stable APR to stripe rust for more than 10 years in Sichuan Province of China. Here, 183 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from the cross between C33 and a susceptible line X440 were genotyped with diversity arrays technology(DArT) markers to identify resistance quantitative trait locus(QTL). Field trials were conducted in five years at Chengdu and Xindu of Sichuan Province, using maximum disease severity(MDS) as stripe rust reaction phenotypes. A total of four quantitative trait loci(QTLs) were detected, respectively designed as QYr.saas-3 AS, QYr.saas-5 AL, QYr.saas-5 BL, and QYr.saas-7 DS, explaining 4.14–15.21% of the phenotypic variances. QYr.saas-5 BL and QYr.saas-7 DS were contributed by C33. However, the level for stripe rust resistance contributed by them was not strong as C33, suggesting the presence of other unidentified QTLs in C33. QYr.saas-7 DS corresponded to Yr18 and QYr.saas-5 BL remains to be formally named. The RIL lines carrying combinations QYr.saas-5 AL, QYr.saas-5 BL, and QYr.saas-7 DS showed comparability resistance with C33. The present study provides resources to pyramid diverse genes into locally adapted elite germplasm to improve the stripe rust resistance of bread wheat.     

Identification and validation of stable and novel quantitative trait loci for pod shattering in soybean [Glycinemax (L.) Merr.]

Pod shattering is an important domesticated trait which can cause great economic loss of crop yield in cultivated soybean. In this study, we utilized two recombinant inbred line populations (RILs, CY, Huachun 2×Wayao; GB, Guizao 1× B13) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with pod shattering in soybean across multiple environments. A total of 14 QTLs for pod shattering were identified in the two RIL populations, which had LOD scores ranging from 2.64 to 44.33 with phenotypic variance explanation (PVE) ranging from 1.33 to 50.85%. One QTL qPS16-1, located on chromosome 16, included a well-known functional gene Poddehiscence1 (Pdh1) that was reported previously. Ten new putative QTLs were validated in two RIL populations, and their LOD scores were between 2.55 and 4.24, explaining 1.33 to 2.60% of the phenotypic variation. Of which four novel QTLs (qPS01-1, qPS03-2, qPS05-1, and qPS07-1) could be detected in two environments where nine genes had specific changes in gene expression. Although the nine genes may have significant effects on pod shattering of soybean, their detailed functions still need to be further explored in the future. The results of this study will facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of the pod shattering-resistant trait and benefit soybean molecular breeding for improving pod shattering resistance.     

QTL mapping of seedling biomass and root traits under different nitrogen conditions in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency in the seedling's root system are beneficial for adult plants in field condition for yield enhancement. Identification of the genetic basis between root traits and N uptake plays a crucial role in wheat breeding. In the present study, 198 doubled haploid lines from the cross of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 were used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underpinning four seedling biomass traits and five root system architecture(RSA) related traits. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions with control, low and high N treatments(Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2 O at 0, 0.05 and 2.0 mmol L~(-1), respectively). Significant variations among the treatments and genotypes, and positive correlations between seedling biomass and RSA traits(r=0.20 to 0.98) were observed. Inclusive composite interval mapping based on a high-density map from the Wheat 660 K single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) array identified 51 QTLs from the three N treatments. Twelve new QTLs detected on chromosomes 1 AL(1) in the control, 1 DS(2) in high N treatment, 4 BL(5) in low and high N treatments, and 7 DS(3) and 7 DL(1) in low N treatments, are first reported in influencing the root and biomass related traits for N uptake. The most stable QTLs(RRS.caas-4 DS) on chromosome 4 DS, which were related to ratio of root to shoot dry weight trait, was in close proximity of the Rht-D1 gene, and it showed high phenotypic effects, explaining 13.1% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty-eight QTLs were clustered in 12 genetic regions. SNP markers tightly linked to two important QTLs clusters C10 and C11 on chromosomes 6 BL and 7 BL were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays that underpin important traits in root development, including root dry weight, root surface area and shoot dry weight. These QTLs, clusters and KASP assays can greatly improve the efficiency of selection for root traits in wheat breeding programmes.     

CIMMYT小麦PBW343和Muu中条锈和叶锈成株抗性QTL分析

为发掘CIMMYT小麦品种PBW343和Muu中条锈和叶锈成株抗性基因,以PBW343与Muu杂交的146个F6代重组自交系为材料,种植于田间调查鉴定,并利用31个SSR标记、16个EST标记和502个DArT(Di-versity Arrays Technology)标记构建连锁图,采用复合区间作图法进行小麦条锈病和叶锈病的成株抗性QTL分析,发现了2个控制小麦抗条锈病和1个控制小麦抗叶锈病的QTL,分别位于2AL、2BL和5BL上,解释8.89%,10.81%和12.82%的表型变异,3个QTL均来自小麦品种Muu。这2个小麦抗条锈QTL和1个抗叶锈QTL的发掘,将为小麦抗病育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Identification of QTLs associated with cadmium concentration in rice grains

Cadmium(Cd) contamination in rice has been a hot topic of research because of its potential risk to human health. In this study, a double haploid(DH) population derived from Zhongjiazao 17(YK17)(an early-season indica cultivar)×D50(a tropical japonica cultivar) was used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with Cd concentration in brown rice(CCBR) and Cd concentration in milled rice(CCMR). Continuous and wide variation for CCBR and CCMR were observed among the DH population. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and highly significant correlation between the two traits. A total of 18 QTLs for CCBR and 14 QTLs for CCMR were identified in five different pot and field trials. Two pairs of QTLs for CCBR(qCCBR2-1 and qCCBR2-2, qCCBR9-1 and qCCBR9-2) and one pair of QTLs for CCMR(qCCMR5-1 and qCCMR5-2) were detected in multiple trials. The alleles increasing CCBR at the qC CBR2-1/qC CBR2-2 and qC CBR9-1/qC CBR9-2 QTLs were contributed by YK17 and D50, respectively, whereas the D50 allele at the qCCMR5-1/qCCMR5-2 QTLs increased CCMR. Eight pairs of QTLs for CCBR and CCMR, qCCBR2-2 and qCCMR2-2, qCCBR3 and qCCMR3, qCCBR4-2 and qCCMR4-1, qCCBR4-3 and qCCMR4-2, qCCBR4-4 and qCCMR4-3, qCCBR5 and qCCMR5-2, qCCBR7 and qCCMR7, and qCCBR11-1 and qCCMR11-2, co-localized on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 11, respectively. For all of these QTL pairs, except qCCBR5/qCCMR5-2, the additive effects came from YK17. In addition, four CCMR QTLs showing significant additive×environment interaction and two pairs of CCMR QTLs with bi-allelic epistatic interactions were identified. The results of this study could facilitate marker-assisted selection of breeding rice varieties with low Cd accumulation in grain.     

CIMMYT小麦品种Saar的叶锈成株抗性QTL分析

 【目的】小麦品种Saar由CIMMYT育成,在欧洲、亚洲和南美洲对小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病均表现出很高的成株抗性,发掘其成株抗叶锈QTL对于选育持久抗锈品种有重要作用。【方法】以Avocet与Saar杂交的109个F6代重组自交系为材料,利用142个SSR标记和209 DArT（Diversity Arrays Technology）标记构建连锁图,对Saar和Avocet的成株抗性进行QTL分析。试验材料于2006－2007年度种植在河北保定和河南新乡两个试验点,调查各个家系对叶锈病的成株抗性。【结果】由351个位点组成的遗传连锁图,覆盖小麦21个连锁群,全长3 083 cM。采用复合区间作图法进行叶锈成株抗性的QTL分析,在1BL、2DS、5BL、6AL和7DS染色体上发现了5个抗叶锈病QTL,分别解释4.5%～6.4%、12.2%～12.5%、4.9%～11.2%、4.9%～7.8%和14.0%～67.6%的表型变异。【结论】叶锈成株抗性基因及其紧密连锁分子标记的发掘,将为小麦抗叶锈病育种的分子标记辅助选择（MAS）提供理论和技术支持。     

小麦容重QTL定位

为定位控制小麦容重的QTL位点,并获得与重要位点连锁的分子标记,以含有302个家系的重组自交系群体(RIL)WL为材料,在3个环境中,用完备区间作图软件IciMapping v3.0对小麦容重QTL进行定位分析。共检测到14个控制容重的加性QTL位点,分别位于1B、2A、4A、4B、5B、6B、7A和7B染色体上,单个QTL可解释籽粒容重变异的3.63%~16.15%。其中,QTw-WL-4A和QTw-WL-7B.2均可在E2和平均环境中被检测到,可分别解释籽粒容重变异的4.86%、3.83%和11.81%、5.57%。其中,有4个在单个环境中可以解释超过10%的表型变异。增效位点有的来源于父本,有的来源于母本。     

小麦品种偃展1号与品系早穗30重组自交系群体遗传连锁图谱构建及重要农艺性状的QTL分析

【目的】构建重组自交系(recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体及其遗传连锁图谱,对小麦重要农艺性状进行数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)分析,为发现小麦新基因与分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。【方法】配制普通小麦品种(系)早穗30和偃展1号的杂交组合,通过一粒传的方法培育重组自交系群体;利用SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记、DarT(diversity arrays technology)标记、ISBP(insertion site-basedpolymorphism)标记以及抽穗期和株高的功能标记绘制其遗传连锁图谱并通过复合区间作图法(Compositeinterval mapping,CIM)对多个环境下的抽穗期、株高、千粒重、穗粒数、每穗小穗数、穗长等农艺性状进行QTL定位分析。【结果】培育出由219个F7家系组成的重组自交系群体;构建了含481个分子标记的遗传连锁图谱;检测出分布在12条染色体上的26个与重要农艺性状相关的QTL,其中9个QTL能够在至少2个环境下重复;研究还发现了3个QTL聚集的"QTL簇",其中4D染色体上的矮秆基因Rht2所在区段控制株高与千粒重,5D染色体上的Vrn-D1-WMS212区间控制抽穗期、穗粒数与每穗小穗数,7B染色体上wPt4230-wPt4814区段控制抽穗期、穗粒数、株高与穗长。【结论】构建的小麦遗传作图群体可成功地用于重要农艺性状分析;矮秆基因Rht2与春化基因Vrn-D12个发育相关基因均与多个重要农艺性状有关;在7B上可能存在与发育相关的重要新基因。     

小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS366抽穗期的QTL分析

[目的]对小麦光温敏不育系BS366的抽穗期进行QTL分析,为BS366的品种改良和标记辅助育种奠定基础。[方法]以小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS366和常规品种Baiyu149杂交得到的234个DH（doubled haploid）株系为材料,于2007～2008年分别种植于北京海淀和安徽阜南试验田,采用复合区间作图法,对抽穗期进行QTL分析。[结果]共检测到15个抽穗期QTL,在两地都检测到的QTL有8个,分别位于染色体1B、2A、2D、3B（2个）、6B（2个）和7B,单个QTL的贡献率为2.42%～10.98%。[结论]在1B染色体上新发现了一个抽穗期QTL,丰富了QTL资源。在两地都检测到的8个QTL,可用于小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS366抽穗期的改良和标记辅助育种。     

大豆产量相关性状的多年多点QTL分析

目前大豆和其他高产作物相比,相对产量偏低,提高大豆产量潜力是大豆育种的重要任务。产量是一个综合性状,受多个形态、生理以及农艺性状的影响。定位大豆产量性状QTL,具有重要的研究和应用价值。以美国大豆品种Charleston为母本,东北农业大学大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:14代重组自交系的154个株系为试验材料,164个SSR引物经亲本筛选后用于群体扩增,并构建遗传图谱。在两年同一地点下对亲本间表现多态的12个与产量相关的农艺性状进行了调查及QTL分析。产量相关性状包括荚数、荚长、荚宽、百粒重等。QTL检测结果表明,在两年的种植环境下,12个产量相关性状共检测到QTL 33个。每个性状的QTLs在两种环境下共检出个数1~9个不等,其中6个QTLs在2个环境下被检测到,它们受环境的影响较小,为较稳定的QTLs。其他产量QTLs只在单一环境下被检测到,说明产量相关QTLs与环境之间存在明显的互作。与国内外对应农艺性状QTLs检测结果相比,多个性状的QTLs位点均一致,说明QTLs检测准确率较高。利用分子标记遗传图谱,定位控制产量相关性状的QTL,为利用分子标记改良大豆产量潜力提供了有力手段。     

普通小麦农大3338×京冬6号DH系群体株高及节间长度的QTL分析

采用普通小麦农大3338和京冬6号的组合构建的包含216个株系的DH系为材料,以包含379个标记的高密度遗传连锁图谱为基础,利用复合区间作图法,通过一年两点田间试验,对株高及其组成成分不同节间长度的QTL进行分析。结果表明,一年两点最终株高共定位到8个QTL,分布在染色体2D,4B,4D,5A,6D,7A上,共解释株高变异为91.86%(北京)、92.63%(临汾)。各节间表型数据总共定位到28个QTL,分布在染色体2B,2D,3B,4A,4B,4D,5A,6A,6D,7A上。这些QTL基本包括了影响最终株高的8个位点,各节间长度还有部分特有的QTL。上述结果为在育种中实现对株高、穗下节长和其他节间长度的精细遗传操作及深入解析株高性状形成的遗传学基础提供了理论依据。     

Identification and QTL mapping of Z550, a rice backcrossed inbred line with increased grains per panicle

An elite backcrossed inbred line Z550 with increased grains per panicle was identified from advanced backcrosses between Nipponbare and Xihui 18 by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-assisted selection (MAS). Z550 carries 13 substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, with an average substitution length of 1.68 Mb. Compared with the Nipponbare parental line, plant height, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, and grain weight for Z550 were significantly increased. While the grain width of Z550 was significantly narrower, and the seed setting ratio (81.43%) was significantly lower than that of Nipponbare, it is still sufficient for breeding purposes. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping for important agronomic traits was conducted with the F₂ population derived from Nipponbare crossed with Z550 using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. A total of 16, including 12 previously unreported QTLs were detected, with contribution rates ranging from 1.46 to 10.49%. Grains per panicle was controlled by 8 QTLs, 5 of which increased number of grains whereas 3 decreased it. qGPP-1, with the largest contribution (10.49%), was estimated to increase grains per panicle by 30.67, while qGPP-9, with the minimum contribution rate (2.47%), had an effect of increasing grains per panicle by 15.79. These results will be useful for further development of single segment substitution lines with major QTLs, and for research of their molecular functions via QTL cloning.