浅谈猪传染性胃肠炎病的防治措施

猪传染性胃肠炎病是由胃肠炎病毒引起猪的一种急性胃肠道传染病,对仔猪的影响最为严重,死亡率高达100%.本文结合多年兽医临床经验,从病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法和防治措施进行了阐述,希望能对该病的防治提供一定的理论基础.     

二种方法检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒抗体的比较

分别用血清中和试验和单克隆抗体阻断酶联免疫吸附试验对８１头美国进口猪轿清作猪传染性胃肠炎抗体检测。ＳＮ试验同７份阳性血清，检出率为８．６４％，Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验检出７份ＰＲＣＶ抗体阳性血清，检出率为８．６４％，无ＴＧＥ阳性。ＳＮ试验检出７份ＴＧＥ抗体阳性血清与Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验检出的７份ＰＲＣＶ抗体阳性血清完全重合。结果证明，应用单克隆抗体进行的Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ可鉴别诊断ＴＧＥ与ＰＲＣＶ感染，优于Ｓ     

猪传染性胃肠炎的防制

猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)是一种高度接触性传染的病毒性传染病,以引起2周龄以下仔猪呕吐、严重腹泻和高死亡率为特征。虽然不同年龄段的猪对这种病毒均敏感,但5周龄以上的猪死亡率很低。育成猪和育肥猪的临床症状轻微,只表现为数天厌食或腹泻。一般情况下,7天即可耐过。     

RT-PCR检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒方法的建立

猪传染性胃肠炎 ( TGE)是一种以严重腹泻、呕吐和脱水为临床特征的高度接触性传染病 ,属于国际兽疫局 ( OIE)法典中 B类疫病必检的猪传染病。TGEV是一种有囊膜的正链 RNA冠状病毒。目前检测 TGEV的方法主要有中和试验、免疫荧光抗体试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和电镜技术 ,这些方法对于检测 TGEV和防制 TGE起到了重要作用 ,但也存在特异性不强、灵敏性差、耗时长等缺点。c DNA探针、RT- PCR近年来已成为国际上用于检测病原微生物的主要方法。由于 c DNA探针与临床样品中非相关核酸有一定的非特异性结合 ,尤其是检测粪便、尿液等…     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

本文对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒有关分子生物学方面的最新研究资料进行了概述。ＴＧＥＶ基因组约２９大小,其５‘端是基因１,余下３’端约８．３ｋｂ有６人基因,共有７个亚基因组ｍＲＮＡ,其转录,翻译过程受到病毒的自身的严格调控。基因１编码病毒的主要功能蛋白－聚合酶类有木瓜蛋白酶,类３Ｃ蛋白酶,类生长因子／受体区,聚合酶,金属离子结合区和解旋酶等功能活性区,它们对该酶活性进行调控。     

仔猪传染性胃肠炎的中西药疗法

仔猪传染性胃肠炎是由传染性胃肠炎病毒引起的以剧烈腹泻为特征的传染病。近年来，在我县新站、冯塘、大连等乡镇广泛流行，造成大批仔猪死亡，严重威胁养猪业的发展。目前尚无理想的治疗方法与药物，笔者采用中西药结合疗法治疗该病２４３例，治愈２２８例，治愈率达９３...     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒在组织细胞上增殖的研究

从组织细胞制备，不同试验细胞及不同维持液组成成份三个方面对ＴＧＥＶ在组织细胞上增殖情况进行了比较。结果表明，用含１５％ＦＢＳ培养液进行了ＳＴ或ｐｋ１５细胞传代并制备悬液，操作方便，能形成良好单层，利用ＴＧＥＶ ＣＰＥ判定；ＳＴ细胞在病毒增殖和检测毒价两方面均较ｐｋ１５细胞分别高２个滴度和１个滴度以上；维护液中提高血清含量或含一定量胰酶对ＴＧＥＶ增殖效果影响不大。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)基因组为不分段的单股正链RNA,其编码4种结构蛋白和3种非结构蛋白。TGEV S蛋白是基因工程研究的重点,近年来,S蛋白在大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、腺病毒等中得到了高效表达。将传染性胃肠炎病毒的基因组人工改造成为感染性cDNA的表达载体,此载体可在ORF3处插入外源基因,异源基因绿荧光蛋白可稳定、高效地表达。TGEV基因1和其他冠状病毒相比保守性很强,所以对TGEV聚合酶的研究,特别是其中保守酶的研究,对于抗TGEV及其他冠状病毒药物的研究有着重要的意义。     

岩藻多糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

岩藻多糖是一种天然的杂多糖，其自然资源丰富、安全无毒，具有多种生理功能：可清除体内过量自由基，激活抗氧化酶系统，抑制氧化应激通路的信号转导，发挥抗氧化功能；可通过抑制体内炎症因子的产生，抑制炎症通路，促进抗体表达，提高机体非特异性免疫等途径提高机体免疫；可通过促进癌细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成，提高机体免疫力等方式发挥抗肿瘤作用；此外，岩藻多糖还具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗血栓等多种生物学功能。动物试验表明，岩藻多糖可降低仔猪料重比，提高其对营养物质的消化率；可提高雏鸡的总采食量、总增重和饲料转化率；显著提高南亚野鲮的体重、生长速率和蛋白质功效比；提高鸡的胴体重和胸肌重量；提高猪肉抗氧化能力；降低肠道炎症和水肿；提高肠道绒毛高度，改善肠道菌群平衡；调节糖脂代谢，降低体脂含量。作者就岩藻多糖的理化性质、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用现状进行综述，以期为岩藻多糖在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。     

新疆伊犁夏牧场铁、铜、锰、锌、硒营养生态环境的研究(Ⅰ)

试验旨在研究新疆伊犁牧区土壤－牧草－水(溪流)中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量、分布特征与相互关系,以评估新疆伊犁夏牧场微量元素的营养生态环境。在伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)海拔1400~2999 m垂直带,根据海拔分别采取土壤(n=75)、牧草(n=75)和溪水(n=75)样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量。结果表明,伊犁夏牧场土壤中铁、铜、锰和锌平均含量分别为15 418.4、32.6、474.5和115.8 mg/kg,牧草中分别为446.0、7.8、85.7和41.9 mg/kg,土壤与牧草铁、铜、锰和锌含量的相关性(R²)分别为0.43、0.82、0.47和0.72,土壤和牧草中铁、铜、锰、锌含量随海拔变化规律不明显;溪水中不含以上4种元素;土壤和牧草中不含硒,溪水含硒极微量。由此说明,伊犁夏牧场铁元素过多,锌、锰基本适宜,铜缺乏,而硒则严重缺乏。     

垄上覆盖牧草对苹果园垄沟中土壤特性的影响

在起垄种草苹果园中,将果园牧草刈割后覆盖在垄上,研究牧草覆盖后对垄沟0~60 cm土壤中水分含量、微生物数量、土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与未覆盖牧草相比,垄上覆盖牧草后,垄沟中土壤水分含量提高,土壤微生物总数、细菌、真菌和放线菌数量增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性增加,土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K、速效N、速效P、速效K也均有不同程度的增加。而这种差异以浅层土壤较明显,覆盖牧草后显著改善了垄沟0~40 cm的土壤特性(P < 0.05),对40~60 cm土壤无显著影响。说明果园刈割牧草可作为一种较好的覆盖材料,将其覆盖垄上可改善垄沟中土壤特性、提高土壤含水量和肥力,是果园牧草的一种有效利用方式。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

Study on Improving Active Ingredients of Astragalus Root,Stem and Leaf by Probiotic Fermentation

The utilization of Astragalus resource was often limited to the root, while the stem and leaf had always been discarded, causing serious waste of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This experiment was aimed to study the changes of the content of active ingredients such as Astragalus polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins in Astragalus root, stem and leaf by probiotic fermentation. A strain of FGM probiotic isolated from chicken intestines was used in this experiment for the fermentation of Astragalus root, stem and leaf. The results showed that, after fermentation, the crude polysaccharide contents of Astragalus root, annual stem, two years stem, annual leaf, two years leaf increased by 177.46%, 227.27%, 207.11%, 170.61% and 182.28%, respectively, the total flavonoids contents increased by 55.67%, 33.68%, 30.04%, -8.17% and -6.57%, respectively, and the total saponins contents increased by 68.50%, 55.91%, 55.71%, 40.93% and 46.13%, respectively. FGM probiotic fermentation made the main component contents of Astragalus increased, which would help for the further utilization of different parts of Astragalus, and efficient utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources.     

细胞活力及细胞免疫力检测方法的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,肿瘤、癌症、药物敏感、免疫缺陷和病毒性感染病等恶性疾病也相继大量出现,而用于检测细胞活性及其免疫力的相关试验都将要求趋于快速、简捷和准确的特点。通过近年来国内外检测细胞活力及其免疫力的试验,作者对推知待测样品水平的方法,包括淋巴细胞转化试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、细胞毒性T细胞检测、白细胞介素12检测及流式细胞术等的研究概况进行综述。     

猪卵巢发育的组织学特点及糖组织化学

运用组织学常规石蜡切片-HE染色和过碘酸-雪夫染色（PAs）方法,分别对3日龄及165日龄育成猪卵巢组织结构、各级卵泡的发育变化特点及其黏多糖分布情况进行了研究。结果显示,3日龄的猪卵巢皮质、髓质界限模糊,皮质部分由外向内依次分布着密集的卵原细胞和卵原细胞巢、共质体样的卵原细胞群,皮质深层与髓质相邻处分布着合胞体样的卵母细胞簇状结构和卵泡。育成猪卵巢中,皮、髓质界限明显,能观察到原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡及近成熟卵泡,但是很少能见到黄体的结构。PAS染色结果表明,3日龄的猪卵巢中PAS阳性反应主要分布于卵原细胞周围的基质、卵原细胞巢和合胞体的外膜上,以及原始卵泡周围的基质、初级卵泡的卵泡膜及刚形成的透明带上,此外卵巢的白膜、髓质的结缔组织、血管壁及卵巢网周围也可见到广泛的阳性着色。育成猪卵巢中,PAS阳性反应主要分布于基质、生长卵泡的卵泡膜、卵泡的透明带、次级卵泡的卵泡液、黄体被膜及髓质的结缔组织和血管壁。     

追氮时期对饲用燕麦茎秆理化特性和抗倒性的影响

为了明确不同追氮时期对燕麦茎秆形态学特征、理化物质构成的影响及其与倒伏性的关系,本研究以2个饲用燕麦（Avena sativa L.）品种为材料,在大田条件下设置不同追氮时期处理,测定燕麦植株形态学、茎秆理化特性、抗倒性和产量指标。结果表明：随追氮时期后移,2个品种株高、基部节间和穗下节间长度、重心高度和倒伏率呈降低趋势,植株茎粗、茎秆鲜重、机械强度、茎秆中钾、硅、木质素含量在孕穗期追氮达到最高,可溶性糖含量在抽穗期追氮达到最高。与不施氮处理比较,孕穗期追氮处理‘蒙燕1号’和‘蒙特’品种的植株茎秆机械强度提高62.29%和42.72%,茎秆抗倒指数分别提高59.18%和45.58%,干草产量分别提高40.85%和19.22%（P<0.05）。综上,茎秆钾和硅元素、木质素及可溶性糖含量与燕麦抗倒伏性密切相关,在孕穗期追施氮肥有利于提高燕麦抗倒性能并获得较高饲草和种子产量。     

柑橘提取物对肉鸡运输应激后血浆生化指标、激素水平和抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究柑橘提取物对肉鸡运输应激后血浆生化指标、激素水平和抗氧化功能的影响。选取360只28日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡,随机分2组（每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡）,对照组饲喂不含抗生素的基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加10 mg/kg柑橘提取物的基础日粮。63日龄,从每个重复选6只鸡进行运输应激试验,分别运输0、2、4 h,运输结束后翅静脉采血取样。结果表明：①对葡萄糖（GLU）、胆固醇（CHOL）和尿素氮（BUN）而言,日粮处理和运输时间存在显著交互作用（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡血浆中BUN和CHOL含量显著低于对照组,运输2和4 h,试验组肉鸡血浆中GLU含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;运输应激显著影响对照组肉鸡血浆中BUN、CHOL和GLU含量（P<0.05）,随着运输时间的延长,BUN和CHOL含量逐渐提高,而GLU含量逐渐降低。②对于皮质酮（CORT）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T₃））和甲状腺素（T₄）而言,日粮处理和运输时间存在显著交互作用（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,运输2和4 h,试验组肉鸡血浆中CORT含量显著降低,而T₃和T₄含量显著提高（P<0.05）;运输应激显著影响对照组肉鸡血浆中CORT、T₃和T₄含量,运输后,肉鸡血浆中CORT含量显著提高,而T₃和T₄含量显著降低（P<0.05）。③对于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）而言,日粮处理和运输时间存在显著交互作用（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡血浆中GSH-Px活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;运输应激显著影响对照组肉鸡血浆中GSH-Px活性,随着运输时间的延长,其活性显著降低（P<0.05）。综上,运输应激影响黄羽肉鸡机体的代谢水平、激素分泌和抗氧化功能,日粮中添加柑橘提取物可改善肉鸡的代谢水平,调控激素分泌和提高抗氧化能力,缓解运输应激对黄羽肉鸡的影响。