郑州市玉米田二点委夜蛾发生世代研究初报

二点委夜蛾是2011年在郑州市玉米田新发生的害虫。为明确二点委夜蛾在郑州市的发生规律,为其预测预报和综合防治提供科学依据,采用灯光诱捕法于2012—2014年连续3年进行了成虫发生期调查。综合3年诱蛾情况和其发育起点温度及有效积温,初步推断二点委夜蛾在郑州市每年发生4代,即越冬代成虫发生期4月上旬至5月下旬,1代成虫发生期在5月底至7月中旬,2代成虫发生期在7月中旬至8月中旬,3代成虫发生期在8月中旬至9月下旬。     

山西省二点委夜蛾发生规律

二点委夜蛾[Athetis lepigone(Mschler)]是中国黄淮海夏玉米区一种新的重要苗期害虫,为摸清二点委夜蛾在山西省的发生规律及动态,在山西设置了4个试验点,通过田间定点调查与随机普查、性诱和灯诱等方法对二点委夜蛾的越冬、发生世代和分布等进行了研究。结果表明:二点委夜蛾可在本地越冬;在山西南部冬小麦-夏玉米复播区1年发生4代,越冬代成虫在4月中下旬至5月上旬羽化出土,第1代成虫高峰出现在6月中下旬,第2代成虫高峰出现在7月下旬,第3代成虫高峰出现在9月中旬;根据调查和诱虫结果,绘制了二点委夜蛾在山西临汾的年生活史;二点委夜蛾的分布范围不仅在山西南部夏玉米区,在山西中北部忻州市的春玉米区也有发生,但种群数量很少,不造成危害。     

大兴区6种农业害虫灯诱监测与种群动态分析

2013—2016年对北京市大兴区玉米螟、草地螟、黏虫、甜菜夜蛾、二点委夜蛾、小地老虎6种主要农业害虫进行灯诱监测,分析成虫种群发生动态。通过连续监测可知,大兴区6种农业害虫不同年份发生总量较平稳,诱虫高峰期为6—9月。其中,玉米螟、甜菜夜蛾成虫种群数量较高,甜菜夜蛾和黏虫在个别年份蛾量突增。从发生期看,二点委夜蛾、黏虫、甜菜夜蛾、小地老虎及玉米螟均在4月始现,仅草地螟在5月始现;草地螟及二点委夜蛾在9月终现,其余4种害虫在10月终现。6种农业害虫成虫的发生盛期均为6—9月。其中,玉米螟有2个发生高峰期,分别为5月下旬至6月中旬、8月上旬至9月上旬;黏虫发生高峰为6月下旬至7月下旬,其下代幼虫易为害春夏播玉米;甜菜夜蛾发生高峰期在6—9月呈散状分布,对应露地蔬菜及大田作物种植期;草地螟、二点委夜蛾、小地老虎发生高峰期分别为5月下旬至6月上旬、6月上旬至8月上旬、6月中旬至8月上旬。     

河南省二点委夜蛾的发生规律及原因分析

为明确二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone(M?schler)在河南省的发生规律,于2012—2013年在该省各地采用灯光诱集法对二点委夜蛾成虫进行诱测。结果表明:河南省二点委夜蛾每年发生4代,其中越冬代成虫在4—5月陆续羽化,未形成明显的高峰,第1代成虫高峰期为6月上中旬,第2代成虫高峰期为7月中下旬,8月下旬9月初为第3代成虫高峰期,其中第2代成虫密度明显大于第1代和第3代。2012年二点委夜蛾在河南省北部地区发生较重,浚县第2代成虫密度为4 916头,2013年河南省中东部发生较重,民权县和长葛市第2代成虫密度分别达到8 409头和5 390头。对成虫监测结果分析发现,2012—2013年河南省二点委夜蛾成虫发生期与降雨量和温度的关系不稳定,但每年第2代成虫密度与该年5、6月下旬日均降雨量呈显著正相关,依据5、6月下旬的降雨量和温度建立的2012年和2013年第2代成虫密度自然对数回归方程的均方根误差分别为0.612和0.752,可较好地反映二点委夜蛾第2代成虫的发生密度。     

北京通州常见夜蛾种群监测与动态分析

为准确掌握常见夜蛾种群动态,于2020年4—10月在北京市通州区对甜菜夜蛾、黏虫、小地老虎、二点委夜蛾和棉铃虫进行了逐日监测。结果表明,各监测点以甜菜夜蛾诱集量最多,棉铃虫和二点委夜蛾的诱集量次之,小地老虎和黏虫的诱集量较少。受寄主作物种类及种植面积影响,不同监测点的总诱蛾量存在显著差异。综合成虫动态和寄主作物生育期分析判断,甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫是当地的主要夜蛾科害虫。甜菜夜蛾的成虫高峰期为7月上旬至8月上旬、8月中旬至9月上旬、9月下旬至10月上旬;棉铃虫成虫高峰期为6月下旬至7月下旬和8月下旬至9月下旬。     

二点委夜蛾种群消长规律浅析

在河北省馆陶县进行连续6年的系统监测,调查二点委夜蛾各代成虫消长趋势和发生盛期,以及2代幼虫(主害代)在玉米苗期和不同生态调控措施下的发生动态。结果表明,当地二点委夜蛾成虫1年发生4代,各代成虫呈现越冬代数量最低、1代大幅增加、2代继续增加、3代显著下降的趋势。2代幼虫都集中在玉米3~6叶期为害,大喇叭口期后为害明显减弱,个别地块虽有一定虫量,但已不再为害玉米根部。     

夏季玉米种植 二点委夜蛾防治技术

<正>二点委夜蛾,想必种玉米的农民们都不陌生,它是我国夏玉米区新发生的害虫。同时,如果没有及时地预防和有针对性的防治措施,这种害虫的传播速度极快,严重时会导致大面积玉米地绝产。今年二点委夜蛾越冬代蛾量偏高,目前二点委夜蛾已经进入全年危害的主害代-2代发生时期。目前,二点委夜蛾已经     

果树混栽条件下梨小食心虫种群动态

2013—2017年,利用性诱剂诱集大樱桃园(附近种植梨、桃、苹果等其他寄主作物)梨小食心虫成虫,研究多寄主生境下梨小食心虫种群消长动态。通过观测发现,在烟台市与多种果树混栽的大樱桃园中,梨小食心虫1年发生5代。其中,越冬代成虫盛发期为4月中、下旬,第1代成虫为5月下旬末至6月上旬初,第2代成虫为6月下旬末至7月上旬,第3代成虫为8月上、中旬,第4代成虫为9月上、中旬。各世代成虫发生期多连续,存在世代重叠现象。成虫发生期持续时间以越冬代和第4代较长,以第2、3代较短。各世代成虫发生量以越冬代和第1代蛾量较多,其余3代数量起伏不定。建议生产上重点防治越冬代和第1代。     

新疆库尔勒市苹果蠹蛾发生消长动态调查

通过生活史观察和成虫动态监测发现,苹果蠹蛾在新疆库尔勒市1年发生2代和一个不完整的第3代。以老熟幼虫在枝干或树干翘皮、裂缝和树洞中越冬。越冬代老熟幼虫在4月上旬开始化蛹,5月中旬为越冬代成虫羽化高峰期,6月上、中旬为1代幼虫蛀果为害期,7月上旬为1代成虫羽化高峰期,7月下旬至8月中旬为2代幼虫为害高峰期,9月中、下旬出现第3代幼虫。6月上旬至7月上旬,一直能够诱到苹果蠹蛾成虫。在越冬代成虫和第1代成虫之间没有间断期。说明其世代重叠现象较明显。根据当地苹果蠹蛾的发生消长动态,提出了相应的防控措施。     

美国白蛾的发生规律及防治对策

美国白蛾[Hyphantria cunea(Drury)]又称秋幕毛虫、秋幕蛾,是世界性检疫害虫,我国列为2类进境植物检疫性有害生物。该虫原发于北美洲,1979年首次在我国丹东发现。近年来在北方地区呈现蔓延扩散趋势,极大地威胁着农、林业生产安全。1发生为害情况美国白蛾在我国北方地区一般1年发生3代。以蛹越冬。每年4月下旬至5月下旬是越冬代成虫羽化和产卵期,幼虫5月上旬开始为害,一直延续至6月下旬。7月为第1代成虫期。第2代幼虫7月中旬开始发生,8月中旬进入为害盛期,经常发生整株树叶被吃光的现象。8月中旬第2代成虫开始出现,第3代幼虫从9月上旬开始为…     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.