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转基因动物制作、鉴定和应用研究新进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,一些研究者在原有的转基因动物制作方法基础上作了改进,如逆转录病毒注射MⅡ期的卵母细胞,体细胞核移植技术法,精子与外源基因合并注射卵母细胞作为载体法以及基因打靶法等,此外转基因动物鉴定和应用也取得了突破性进展。 相似文献
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抗真菌和抗除草剂基因多价植物表达载体构建及对烟草遗传转化的研究 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
利用基因重组技术,将木霉几丁质酶基因(Chi)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因(Glu)进行融合并将其引入含bar基因的载体pAHC25中,成功构建了由Ubiquitin启动子分别驱动Chi-linker-Glu和bar的中间载体,然后将其上的Ubi-Chi-linker-Glu-nos和Ubi-bar-nos表达盒引入pBI121中,获得兼具除草剂抗性基因bar和真菌抗性基因Chi与Glu的三价植物表达载体pBIb-CG,并对烟草进行遗传转化,经PCR及Southern检测,共获得转基因烟草32株。外源基因已整合到烟草基因组中。离体抑菌试验表明转基因烟草叶片提取液对木霉菌和镰刀菌表现出一定的抗性。 相似文献
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近二十年来,分子生物学研究获得了长足的发展,而其核心部分基因工程技术的发展尤为突出,特别是转基因动物技术的出现,它不仅为人们研究外源基因在整体动物中的表达调控规律提供了最为有效的手段,而且还可通过改变动物的基因型,使其表现型更符合人类的需要,以培育优良品种及生产人类所需的有生物活性的蛋白质.因此,动物的基因转移这一生物技术已经广泛地应用于生命科学研究的众多领域.所谓转基因动物是指用实验手段将特定外源基因导入动物早期胚胎细胞,由此整合到染色体上,并通过生殖细胞系传递给后代的一类新动物.常见的转基因方法有DNA显微注射法、胚胎干细胞介导法、逆转录病毒转染法、精子载体法、电转移法等,其中以DNA显微注射法最为成熟,使用最广泛、最可靠,该法常用的哺乳动物是实验小鼠.本文所要介绍的就是显微注射法制备转基因鼠所涉及的关键技术和原理(一般程序如图1所示). 相似文献
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哺乳动物精子载体转基因技术新研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
精子载体法是以精子作为外源基因的载体,在受精过程中将外源基因导入动物胚胎,从而使外源基因进入子代的基因组中。相对于显微注射法、反转录病毒感染法、胚胎干细胞法等方法而言,它的主要优点是利用精子的自然属性克服了人为机械操作给胚胎造成的损伤,提高了转基因效率,而且操作简便、成本低廉。因而成为转基因动物研究的热点技术。现就精子结合外源基因的机制进行简要介绍,并对发展起来的精子细胞输精管内注射法、曲细精管徽注射法和睾丸直接注射法等精子载体转基因新途径进行综述。 相似文献
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转基因动物研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
转基因动物技术始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,近 3 0年来 ,随着研究的深入 ,转基因动物的制作技术得到了突破性的发展。最初的原核注射法是应用最普遍、最可靠、效果最稳定的一种方法。但该方法存在价格昂贵 ,整合率低及不能定点整合的问题 ,所以近几年来转基因动物技术已出现了胚胎干细胞法 ,精子载体法 ,体细胞核移植法和人工酵母染色体法等一系列新方法。随着这些技术的不断发展 ,转基因动物技术应用正以其突出的优越性指导着多个领域的工作。目前 ,它的应用已渗透到基础理论、疾病动物模型、人异种器官移植、制药、畜牧兽医等领域。转基因动物应用正走向产业化的道路 ,具有十分广阔的前景。但作为一个新兴的技术 ,转基因动物研究还面临着一些急需解决的问题 相似文献
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Hirabayashi M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(2):95-99
Transgenic rats have been used as model animals for human diseases and organ transplantation and as animal bioreactors for protein production. In general, transgenic rats are produced by pronuclear microinjection of exogenous DNA. Improvement of post-injection survival has been achieved by micro-vibration of the injection pipette. The promoter region, structural gene, chain length and strand ends of the exogenous DNA are not involved in the production efficiency of transgenic rats. Exogenous DNA prepared at 5 microg/ml seemed to be better integrated than lower and higher concentrations. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been successfully achieved in rats using a piezo-driven injection pipette. The ICSI technique has not only been applied to rescue infertile male strains but also to produce transgenic rats. The optimal DNA concentration for the ICSI-tg method (0.1 to 0.5 microg/ml) is lower than that for the conventional pronuclear microinjection. Production efficiency was improved when the membrane structure of the sperm head was partially disrupted by detergent or ultrasonic treatment before exposure to the exogenous DNA solution. For successful production of transgenic rats with a modified endogenous gene, establishment of embryonic stem cell lines or alternatively male germline stem cell lines and technical development of somatic cell nuclear transfer are still necessary for this species. 相似文献
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体细胞核移植技术在转基因动物研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用基因工程技术将目的基因整合入动物体细胞染色体中,并将其作为供体核移植入受体--去核卵母细胞构成重建胚,然后将其移植入假孕母体,待其妊娠、分娩,便可得到经定向遗传修饰的转基因克隆动物。本文就这一领域的发展历史、研究现状、应用前景及存在的问题等方面作一概述。 相似文献
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The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985 by microinjection of foreign DNA into zygotic pronuclei. This was the method of choice for more than 20 years, but more efficient protocols are now available, including somatic cell nuclear transfer and lentiviral transgenesis. Typical applications include carcass composition, lactational performance and wool production, as well as enhanced disease resistance and reduced environmental impact. Transgenic farm animal production for biomedical applications has found broad acceptance. In 2006 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved commercialization of the first recombinant pharmaceutical protein, antithrombin, produced in the mammary gland of transgenic goats. As the genome sequencing projects for various farm animal species are completed, it has become feasible to perform precise genetic modifications employing the emerging tools of lentiviral vectors, small interfering ribonucleic acids, meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases and transposons. We anticipate that genetic modification of farm animals will be instrumental in meeting global challenges in agricultural production and will open new horizons in biomedicine. 相似文献
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I Dobrinski 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):288-294
Transplantation of male germ line stem cells from a donor animal to the testes of an infertile recipient was first described in 1994. Donor germ cells colonize the recipient's testis and produce donor-derived sperm, such that the recipient male can distribute the genetic material of the germ cell donor. Germ cell transplantation represents a functional reconstitution assay for male germ line stem cells and as such has vastly increased our ability to study the biology of stem cells in the testis and define phenotypes of infertility. First developed in rodents, the technique has now been used in a number of animal species, including domestic mammals, chicken and fish. There are three major applications for this technology in animals: first, to study fundamental aspects of male germ line stem cell biology and male fertility; second, to preserve the reproductive potential of genetically valuable individuals by male germ cell transplantation within or between species; third, to produce transgenic sperm by genetic manipulation of isolated germ line stem cells and subsequent transplantation. Transgenesis through the male germ line has tremendous potential in species in which embryonic stem cells are not available and somatic cell nuclear transfer has limited success. Therefore, transplantation of male germ cells is a uniquely valuable approach for the study, preservation and manipulation of male fertility in animals. 相似文献